Há um grande avanço no desenvolvimento de medicamentos para tumores cerebrais infantis. Os tumores cerebrais infantis são uma doença maligna mais comum em crianças. Pesquisas recentes descobriram que um novo coquetel de drogas pode tratar tumores cerebrais comuns na infância.
Cancer Cell” magazine recently announced that in the UK, about 400 children develop brain tumores each year, of which the prevalence of boys is slightly higher than that of girls.
Are we able to take advantage of the results of tumor gene testing and tailor-made treatments, a strategy often referred to as personalized medicine? This treatment strategy can produce very good results for patients with brain tumors.
Neural myeloblastoma (medulloblastoma) is one of the most common Tumores malignos of the cerebellum. This Tumor cerebral grows rapidly and most often occurs in children around the age of 5. As opções de tratamento include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Although great progress has been made in treatment methods and techniques, the success rate of treating myeloblastoma still lags far behind other children’s malignancies. In particular, myeloblastoma is a highly aggressive malignancy. Only 40% of patients with meduloblastoma survive, compared with other tumors of a less severe type-with a survival rate of more than 80%.
Researchers in the United States have discovered a new combination therapy for the treatment of highly aggressive neuroblastoma. In laboratory tests, the drug killed Câncer cells without any toxicity to normal cells, and researchers hope to conduct clinical trials of the drug. Robert Wechsler-Reya, an adjunct professor at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Institute, said: “Our goal is to confirm that the drug has low toxicity properties. Because doctors and patients in this case urgently require new clinical treatment options, we will soon apply the drug from the laboratory to clinical treatment.
Combinando com outras drogas, novos compostos que inibem tumores são testados in vitro e in vivo.
Ensaios clínicos for neuroblastoma are often very challenging because of the limited number of patients. In addition, coupled with the variability of the disease, most treatments are only effective for one subtype of patient. Understanding which patients will respond to this treatment is one of the main goals of the trial.
“Se pudermos desenvolver tratamentos feitos sob medida com base em genes de tumor - uma estratégia comumente referida como tratamento individualizado - isso poderia trazer um grande evangelho para pacientes com certos tumores.”
Existem quatro tipos distintos de neuroblastoma, e os pacientes com um terceiro grupo de tumores têm o pior prognóstico - apenas 40% dos pacientes sobrevivem a longo prazo. Em contraste, a sobrevivência a longo prazo de outros neuroblastomas é relativamente otimista e cerca de 80% dos pacientes podem sobreviver a longo prazo.
A maior parte do terceiro grupo de pacientes com neuroblastoma apresenta alta expressão do oncogene MYC, que é a causa da divisão celular incontrolável e da formação de tumores.
There was a study on mice with a third type of neural tube cell tumors that showed histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) might stop mice and people from making neurotubular glioblastomas without doing too much damage to normal cells.
We found several histone deacetylase inhibitors that can kill MYC oncogene-activated neural tube cell tumors without harming normal cell agents (HDACIs),” said Pei Yanxin, an assistant professor at the National Children’s Medical Center em Washington, DC
The most effective of these compounds is panobinostat, which has entered clinical trials in other tipos de câncer, but has not yet been tested on neuroblastoma.” Dr. Kun-Wei, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, added: “Several other studies have revealed that the mechanism of action of panobinostat is to promote the activation of the FOXO1 gene that can interfere with the oncogenes of MYC.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) are also thought to have the effect of activating the FOXO1 gene. We hypothesized that panobinostat and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) could work together to block célula cancerosa sobrevivência.
“It is true that the combined treatment of these two drugs can significantly increase the survival of patients with tumors carrying the MYC gene compared to using a single drug alone.”
