Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms

What is chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm?

A condition in which the bone marrow produces an excessive number of red blood cells, platelets, or some white blood cells. As the number of extra cells in the blood and/or bone marrow increases, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms usually develop worse with time. Bleeding issues, anaemia, infection, exhaustion, and other signs and symptoms may result. Acute myeloid leukaemia can develop from some chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (AML). Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, chronic neutrophilic leukaemia, and chronic eosinophilic leukaemia are all chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Myeloproliferative neoplasm is another name for myeloproliferative neoplasm.

There are six types of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm:

1. Chronic myelogenous leukemia.
2. Polycythemia vera.
3. Primary myelofibrosis (also called chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis).
4. Essential thrombocythemia.
5. Chronic neutrophilic leukemia.
6. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia.

What is chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm?

Myeloproliferative neoplasms are a group of disorders in which the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of red, white, or platelet cells.

Symptoms of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm

Following are the symptoms of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm:

1. Fever.
2. Feeling very tired.
3. Cough.
4. Swelling under the skin around the eyes and lips, in the throat, or on the hands and feet.
5. Muscle pain.
6. Itching.
7. Diarrhea.

Diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm

• Blood tests. These may include blood chemistries, evaluation of liver and kidney functions, and genetic studies.

• Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy. This involves taking a small amount of bone marrow fluid (aspiration) or solid bone marrow tissue (called a core biopsy). These are usually taken from the hip bones. They are checked for the number, size, and maturity of blood cells or abnormal cells.

Treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm

Treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm is based on:

• Your age, overall health, and medical history

• How sick you are

• How well you can handle certain medicines, procedures, or therapies

• How long the condition is expected to last

• Your opinion or preference

• Blood transfusion (both red blood cells and platelets)

• Preventive antibiotic therapy

• Good hygiene to prevent infection

• Special care when making food (such as only eating well-cooked foods)

• Avoiding construction sites, which may be a source of certain fungi

• Medicines to stimulate the bone marrow to produce cells

• Treatment to reduce your body’s immune system response

• Hormone therapy

• Eleven types of standard treatment are used:

  • Watchful waiting
  • Phlebotomy
  • Platelet apheresis
  • Transfusion therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Other drug therapy
  • Surgery
  • Immunotherapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • High-dose Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant

In certain people, a bone marrow transplant may cure chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm.