Det finns ett stort genombrott i utvecklingen av läkemedelsutveckling för hjärntumörer hos barn. Barns hjärntumörer är en vanligare malign sjukdom hos barn. Ny forskning har funnit att ett nytt cocktailläkemedel kan behandla vanliga hjärntumörer i barndomen.
Cancer Cell” magazine recently announced that in the UK, about 400 children develop brain tumörer each year, of which the prevalence of boys is slightly higher than that of girls.
Are we able to take advantage of the results of tumor gene testing and tailor-made treatments, a strategy often referred to as personalized medicine? This treatment strategy can produce very good results for patients with brain tumors.
Neural myeloblastoma (medulloblastoma) is one of the most common maligna tumörer of the cerebellum. This hjärntumör grows rapidly and most often occurs in children around the age of 5. Behandlingsalternativ include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Although great progress has been made in treatment methods and techniques, the success rate of treating myeloblastoma still lags far behind other children’s malignancies. In particular, myeloblastoma is a highly aggressive malignancy. Only 40% of patients with medulloblastom survive, compared with other tumors of a less severe type-with a survival rate of more than 80%.
Researchers in the United States have discovered a new combination therapy for the treatment of highly aggressive neuroblastom. In laboratory tests, the drug killed cancer cells without any toxicity to normal cells, and researchers hope to conduct clinical trials of the drug. Robert Wechsler-Reya, an adjunct professor at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Institute, said: “Our goal is to confirm that the drug has low toxicity properties. Because doctors and patients in this case urgently require new clinical treatment options, we will soon apply the drug from the laboratory to clinical treatment.
Genom att kombinera med andra läkemedel screenas nya föreningar som hämmar tumörer in vitro och in vivo.
Kliniska prövningar for neuroblastoma are often very challenging because of the limited number of patients. In addition, coupled with the variability of the disease, most treatments are only effective for one subtype of patient. Understanding which patients will respond to this treatment is one of the main goals of the trial.
"Om vi kan utveckla skräddarsydda behandlingar baserade på tumörgener - en strategi som vanligtvis kallas individualiserad behandling - kan detta ge ett enormt evangelium till patienter med vissa tumörer."
Det finns fyra distinkta typer av neuroblastom, och patienter med en tredje grupp av tumörer har den sämsta prognosen - endast 40% av patienterna överlever långsiktigt. Däremot är den långsiktiga överlevnaden för andra neuroblastom relativt optimistisk, och cirka 80 % av patienterna kan överleva på lång sikt.
De flesta av den tredje gruppen patienter med neuroblastom har högt uttryck av MYC-onkogenen, vilket är orsaken till okontrollerbar celldelning och bildandet av tumörer.
There was a study on mice with a third type of neural tube cell tumors that showed histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) might stop mice and people from making neurotubular glioblastomas without doing too much damage to normal cells.
We found several histone deacetylase inhibitors that can kill MYC oncogene-activated neural tube cell tumors without harming normal cell agents (HDACIs),” said Pei Yanxin, an assistant professor at the National Children’s Sjukhus i Washington, DC
The most effective of these compounds is panobinostat, which has entered clinical trials in other typer av cancer, but has not yet been tested on neuroblastoma.” Dr. Kun-Wei, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, added: “Several other studies have revealed that the mechanism of action of panobinostat is to promote the activation of the FOXO1 gene that can interfere with the oncogenes of MYC.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) are also thought to have the effect of activating the FOXO1 gene. We hypothesized that panobinostat and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) could work together to block cancercell överlevnad.
“It is true that the combined treatment of these two drugs can significantly increase the survival of patients with tumors carrying the MYC gene compared to using a single drug alone.”
