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Umdlavuza wesisu

Uyini umdlavuza wesisu?

Umdlavuza wesisu uvame ukuqala kumaseli akhiqiza amafinyila agudle isisu. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lubizwa nge-adenocarcinoma. Umdlavuza wesisu ubonakala ngokukhula kwamaseli anomdlavuza ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwesisu. Ebizwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wesisu, lolu hlobo lomdlavuza kunzima ukuluxilonga ngoba iningi labantu alibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Umdlavuza wesisu uvame ukukhula kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingana.

Uma wazi izimpawu ezibangelayo, wena nodokotela wakho nizokwazi ukuzibona kusenesikhathi, lapho kulula khona ukuzelapha.

Izibalo zomdlavuza wesisu

I-Gastric carcinoma (GC) iyisifo sesine esivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele (amacala amasha angama-989,600 ngonyaka ngo-2008) futhi isalokhu iyimbangela yesibili yokufa (ukufa kuka-738,000 ngonyaka) kuzo zonke izifo ezimbi emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sifo siba yizimpawu esigabeni esithuthukile. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lihle uma kuqhathaniswa kuphela e-Japan, lapho lifinyelela khona ku-90%.Emazweni aseYurophu, amazinga okusinda ayahluka kusukela ku-~10% kuya ku-30%.Izinga eliphezulu lokusinda e-Japan cishe lifinyelelwa ngokuxilonga kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic nokulandelana kusenesikhathi. ukususwa kwesimila.

Isimo sikhombisa ukwehluka okubanzi kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwama-50% amacala amasha ayenzeka emazweni asathuthuka. Kukhona ukwehluka okuphindwe ka-15 kuya kwengu-20 engcupheni phakathi kwabantu abakhulu nabanobungozi. Izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu yi-East Asia (China neJapan), Eastern Europe, Central and South America. Izindawo ezinobungozi obuphansi yiNingizimu ye-Asia, iNyakatho neMpumalanga Afrika, iNyakatho Melika, i-Australia neNew Zealand.

Ukwehla okuqinile emazingeni ezehlakalo ze-GC kuye kwabonwa emhlabeni wonke emashumini ambalwa edlule.Lo mkhuba usebenza ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezisencane ezine-noncardia, sporadic, uhlobo lwamathumbu lwe-GC, njengoba kubikwe ekuhlaziyweni kwaseJapan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo lwaseMelika luhlukanisa ubuningi bobudala nobudala, kanye ne-anatomic subtype yomdlavuza wesisu esiswini, enokuthambekela okwandayo. Noma kunjalo, ukwehla okujwayelekile kwe-GC kungachazwa ngamazinga aphezulu enhlanzeko, ukongiwa kokudla okuthuthukisiwe, ukudla okuphezulu kwezithelo nemifino, futhi I-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) ukuqothula.

 

Yini ebangela umdlavuza wesisu?

Ososayensi abazi kahle ukuthi yini eyenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqale ukukhula esiswini. Kepha bayazi izinto ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula ubungozi bakho kulesi sifo. Enye yazo ukutheleleka ngamagciwane ajwayelekile, H. pylori, okudala izilonda. Ukuvuvukala emathunjini akho okubizwa ngokuthi i-gastritis, uhlobo oluthile lwe-anemia ehlala isikhathi eside ebizwa ngokuthi i-anemia eyingozi, kanye nokukhula esiswini sakho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-polyps nakho kungakwenza ube nethuba lokuthola umdlavuza. Ezinye izinto ezibonakala ngathi zidlala indima ekukhuliseni ubungozi zibandakanya:
  • Ukubhema
  • Ukhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukhuluphele ngokweqile
  • Ukudla okunokudla okuningi okubhemayo, okufakwe emanzini anosawoti noma okunosawoti
  • Ukuhlinzwa esiswini kwesilonda
  • Uhlobo lwe-A lwegazi
  • Ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr
  • Izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo
  • Ukusebenza ezimbonini zamalahle, zensimbi, zokhuni noma zenjoloba
  • Ukuvezwa kwe-asbestos

 

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu?

Ngokusho kweNCI Umthombo Othembekile, Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu zokuqala noma izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu. Ngeshwa, lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu kaningi abazi ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle kuze kube umdlavuza usufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesisu osezingeni eliphakeme yilezi:

  • isicanucanu nokuhlanza
  • isilungulela esivamile
  • ukuncipha kokudla, kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokwehla kwesisindo okungazelelwe
  • ukuqunjelwa njalo
  • ukusutha kokuqala (ukuzizwa ugcwele emva kokudla inani elincane kuphela)
  • indle enegazi
  • jaundice
  • ukukhathala ngokweqile
  • ubuhlungu besisu, obungaba bukhulu kakhulu ngemuva kokudla

 

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesisu?

Umdlavuza wesisu uxhunyaniswe ngqo nezicubu esiswini. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezingakhuphula ubungozi bokuthuthukisa la maseli anomdlavuza. Lezi zici zobungozi zibandakanya izifo nemibandela ethile, efana:

  • i-lymphoma (iqembu lomdlavuza wegazi)
  • H. pylori izifo zebhaktheriya (ukutheleleka kwesisu okuvamile okungahle kuholele izilonda)
  • izimila kwezinye izingxenye zohlelo lokugaya ukudla
  • isisu polyps (ukukhula okungavamile kwezicubu ezakha ulwelwesi lwesisu)

Umdlavuza wesisu uvame kakhulu phakathi:

  • abantu abadala asebekhulile, imvamisa abantu abaneminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu
  • amadoda
  • ababhemayo
  • abantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo
  • abantu abangabase-Asia (ikakhulukazi amaKorea noma amaJapane), abaseNingizimu Melika, noma abadabuka eBelarusian

Ngenkathi umlando wakho wezokwelapha ungathinta ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu, izinto ezithile zokuphila nazo zingadlala indima. Ungahle ube nomdlavuza wesisu uma:

  • udle ukudla okunosawoti okuningi noma okugayiwe
  • udle inyama eningi kakhulu
  • unomlando wokusebenzisa kabi utshwala
  • ungazivocavoci umzimba
  • ungakubeki noma ukupheke kahle ukudla

Ungahle uthande ukucabangela ukuthola ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa uma ukholwa ukuthi usengozini yokuthola umdlavuza wesisu. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kwenziwa lapho abantu besengozini yezifo ezithile kepha bengazibonisi izimpawu okwamanje.

 

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza wesisu?

I-Adenocarcinoma

Iningi (cishe amaphesenti angama-90 kuya kuma-95%) omdlavuza wesisu yi-adenocarcinomas. Umdlavuza wesisu womdlavuza wesisu cishe njalo uyi-adenocarcinoma. Lawa mdlavuza akhula kusuka kumaseli akha ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi esiswini (i-mucosa).

 

Lymphoma

Lawa angama-cancer womzimba wezicubu zomzimba kwesinye isikhathi atholakala odongeni lwesisu. Ukwelashwa nombono kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-lymphoma. Ngemininingwane eminingi, bheka i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

 

Isisu esibuhlungu besisu (GIST)

Lezi zicubu ezingavamile ziqala ngezindlela zokuqala kakhulu zamaseli odongeni lwesisu okuthiwa amaseli wangaphakathi weCajal. Ezinye zalezi zicubu azinomdlavuza (benign); abanye banomdlavuza. Yize ama-GIST etholakala noma yikuphi endaweni yokugaya ukudla, amaningi atholakala esiswini. Ngeminye imininingwane, bona i-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST).

Isimila se-carcinoid

Lezi zicubu ziqala kumaseli enza isisu ama-hormone. Iningi lalezi zicubu azisabalali ziye kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Lezi zicubu kuxoxwa ngazo kabanzi kuma-Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumors.

Eminye imidlavuza

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, njenge-squamous cell carcinoma, i-cell cell carcinoma encane, ne-leiomyosarcoma, nazo zingaqala esiswini, kepha le mdlavuza ayivamile kakhulu.

 

Utholakala kanjani umdlavuza wesisu?

Njengoba abantu abanomdlavuza wesisu bengakhombisi izimpawu ezinyathelweni zokuqala, isifo kaningi asitholakali size sithuthuke kakhulu.

Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho uzoqala enze ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze ahlole noma ikuphi ukungajwayelekile. Bangabuye ba-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kobukhona be- H. pylori amagciwane.

Ukuhlolwa okuningi kokuxilonga kuzodinga ukwenziwa uma udokotela wakho ekholelwa ukuthi ukhombisa izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu. Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zibheka ngqo izicubu ezisolwayo nokunye okungahambi kahle esiswini nasesimpophweni. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

  • i-endoscopy ephezulu yamathumbu
  • i-biopsy
  • ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT nama-X-ray
  • I-PET CT

 

Uphathwa kanjani umdlavuza wesisu?

Imithi eminingi ingalwa nomdlavuza wesisu. Lowo ozokhetha yena nodokotela wakho kuzoya ngokuthi unesifo esingakanani noma ukuthi sisakaze kangakanani emzimbeni wakho, esibizwa ngokuthi isigaba somdlavuza wakho:

Isigaba 0. Yilapho ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwesisu sakho luneqembu lamaseli angenampilo angahle aphenduke umdlavuza. Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyayelapha. Udokotela wakho angasusa ingxenye noma sonke isisu sakho, kanye nama-lymph node aseduze - izitho ezincane eziyingxenye yohlelo lokulwa namagciwane lomzimba wakho.

Isigaba I. Kuleli qophelo, unesimila esiswini sakho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sasakazekela kuma-lymph node akho. Njengesigaba 0, cishe uzohlinzwa ukuze ususe ingxenye noma sonke isisu sakho nama-lymph node aseduze. Ungase futhi uthole i-chemotherapy noma i-chemoradiation. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa isimila bese ngemuva kwalokho kubulawa noma yimuphi umdlavuza osele.

 
 
Isigaba II. Umdlavuza usabalalele ezingxenyeni ezijulile zesisu futhi mhlawumbe ungene kuma-lymph node aseduze. Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha ingxenye noma sonke isisu sakho, kanye nama-lymph node aseduze, kusalokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinhloko. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole i-chemo noma i-chemoradiation ngaphambili, futhi ungathola enye yazo ngemuva, nayo.
Isigaba III. Umdlavuza manje usungaba kuzo zonke izingqimba zesisu, kanye nezinye izitho eziseduze, njengobende noma ikholoni. Noma, ingahle ibe mincane kepha ifinyelele ekujuleni kwama-lymph node akho.

Imvamisa uyahlinzwa ukuze ususe sonke isisu sakho, kanye ne-chemo noma i-chemoradiation. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungayelapha. Uma kungenjalo, kungasiza okungenani ngezimpawu.

Uma ugula kakhulu ukuhlinzwa, ungathola i-chemo, i-radiation, noma kokubili, kuye ngokuthi umzimba wakho ungaphatha ini.

Isigaba IV. Kulesi sigaba sokugcina, umdlavuza ususabalele kude nasezithobeni ezifana nesibindi, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho. Kunzima ukwelapha, kepha udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuphatha futhi akunikeze ukukhululeka ezimpawu.

Uma isimila sivimba ingxenye yohlelo lwakho lwe-GI, ungathola:

  • Inqubo ebulala ingxenye yesimila nge-laser ku-endoscope, ithubhu elincanyana elihamba lize ngomphimbo wakho.
  • Ishubhu lensimbi elincanyana elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent elingagcina izinto zihamba. Ungathola eyodwa yalezi phakathi kwesisu sakho nomphimbo noma phakathi kwesisu sakho namathumbu amancane.
  • Ukuhlinzwa okudlula esiswini ukudala umzila ozungeze isimila.
  • Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ingxenye yesisu sakho.

I-Chemo, i-radiation, noma kokubili kungasetshenziswa kulesi sigaba, futhi. Ungase futhi uthole ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Le mithi ihlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kepha ishiya enempilo yodwa, okungasho imiphumela emibi embalwa.

 

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesisu

Umdlavuza wesisu uwodwa awunakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ubungozi bokuthuthuka konke umdlavuza ngu:

  • ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
  • ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, okunamafutha aphansi
  • ukuyeka ukubhema
  • ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangaze banikeze nemithi engasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kubantu abanezinye izifo ezingaba nomdlavuza.

Ungase futhi uthande ukucabangela ukuthola ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuqala. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza wesisu. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa okunye kokuhlolwa okulandelayo ukuhlola izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu:

  • ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba
  • ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
  • izinqubo zokucabanga, ezinjenge-X-ray nama-CT scan
  • ukuhlolwa kofuzo
Ngemininingwane nge-GI noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu nombono wesibili, sishayele ku- + 91 96 1588 1588 noma ubhalele ku-info@cancerfax.com.
  • Amazwana Avaliwe
  • Julayi 28th, i-2020

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