Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ekwelapheni umdlavuza
Xhumana nathi ukuze ubhalise ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo e-China nase-USA.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo e-United States nase-China ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokwenza ukunakekelwa komdlavuza kube ngcono. Lezi zinhlolo zomtholampilo zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ezigulini eseziqede zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha kanye nezinhlolo ngenye yezinketho ezisele. Lezi zinhlolo ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi kokutholwe kwesayensi nokwelashwa okusebenzayo. Basiza abacwaningi ukuthi bathole ukuthi ziphephe futhi zisebenza kangakanani izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelapha, njengemithi eqondiwe kanye ne-immunotherapies. Izifundo zomtholampilo zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zibonisa ukuthi imithi yokuhlola isebenza kahle kangakanani, imiphi imiphumela emibi enayo, nokuthi iyini imithamo engcono kakhulu. Lezi zifundo ziphinde zisize ngomuthi womuntu siqu ngokuthola izimpawu zofuzo ezibonisa ukuthi umuntu uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza ezifundweni zemitholampilo zithola ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okuphambili futhi zisize ekulolongeni ikusasa lokunakekelwa komdlavuza ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza e-USA
Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi esemthethweni (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) okwamanje kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza ezingama-43,000 ezenzeka e-United States. Kulezi zivivinyo kunezilingo ezingaphezu kuka-7500 ezisesigabeni sokuqasha. Lezi zinhlolo zihlanganisa cishe zonke izinhlobo nendawo yomdlavuza kanye ne-hematological malignancies.
E-United States, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezivivinyo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza ezenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukwelashwa okusha, ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanje, noma ukubheka izindlela zokuvimbela noma ukuthola umdlavuza. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zokuhlolwa komdlavuza:
Izivivinyo zokwelashwa: Lezi zivivinyo zibheka izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, njengemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo, ama-immunotherapies, noma imithi yokwelapha ngemisebe. Bafuna ukuthola ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziphephile yini nokuthi zisebenza kangcono yini kunokwelapha okuvamile.
Izivivinyo zokuvimbela: Inhloso yalezi zivivinyo ukuthola izindlela zokugwema umdlavuza noma ukwehlisa amathuba okuwuthola. Kungase kuhlanganise izinto ezifana nemithi, imigomo, izinguquko zokuphila, noma izinguquko zokudla.
Izivivinyo zokuhlola: Lokhu kuhlola kubheka izindlela ezintsha zokuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi noma ukuthola abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza. Bafuna ukwenza izindlela zokuhlola zibe ngcono futhi bandise isibalo sabantu abatholakala kusenesikhathi.
Izifundo zokuxilonga: Kulezi zivivinyo, amathuluzi amasha okuxilonga noma ukuhlolwa kuyazanywa ukuze kube lula futhi kunembe kakhudlwana ukuthola umdlavuza. Bangase basebenzise izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe, izivivinyo zelebhu, noma ukuhlolwa kofuzo.
Izifundo zokunakekela ezisekelayo zibheka izindlela zokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo nokubhekana nezimpawu nemiphumela engemihle yomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo, izindlela zokubhekana nobuhlungu, noma ukungenelela kwengqondo kungasetshenziswa.
Ucwaningo olusekelwe ku-Genetic kanye ne-biomarker: Inhloso yalezi zivivinyo ukuthola ukuguqulwa kofuzo okukhethekile noma izimpawu zezinto eziphilayo ezixhunyaniswe nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Bafuna ukwenza imithi eklanyelwe abantu abanephrofayili ethile yofuzo.
Izilingo ezihlanganisiwe: Lezi zivivinyo zibheka ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene, njenge-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy, zisebenza kanjani uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye ukuze kubonakale ukuthi imiphumela ingcono yini kunalapho ukwelashwa ngakunye kusetshenziswa kuphela.
Ezivivinyweni zesigaba 0, inani elincane kuphela labantu elibamba iqhaza, futhi inhloso ukuthola ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nokuthi umuthi noma ukwelashwa kusebenza kanjani emzimbeni. Bangase basize ochwepheshe banqume ukuthi bayafuna yini ukwenza izivivinyo ezinkulu noma cha.
Izinhlolo zeSigaba I, II, kanye nese-III zenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi kuphephe kangakanani, kungakanani, nokuthi kusebenza kahle kangakanani ukwelashwa noma izindlela ezintsha. Esigabeni I, ukuphepha nesithako kuyahlolwa. Esigabeni sesi-II, ukusebenza kahle nemiphumela engemihle kuyabhekwa, futhi esigabeni sesi-III, ukwelashwa okusha kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa okuvamile emaqenjini amakhulu eziguli.
Izivivinyo zesigaba IV: Lokhu kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi “izivivinyo zangemuva kokumaketha,” futhi kwenzeka ngemva kokuba umuthi usugunyazwe uhulumeni. Babheka ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephile futhi kusebenza kangakanani esikhathini eside eqenjini elikhulu labantu.
Lezi ezinye zezibonelo zezinhlobo zezifundo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza ezenziwa e-United States. Abacwaningi namaqembu aphethe ukulawula ucwaningo babeka izidingo ezicacile zokufaneleka, izinqubo, kanye nemigomo yesilingo ngasinye. Uma ufuna ukuba nengxenye ocwaningweni lomtholampilo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlolo ezenzeka endaweni yangakini.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo yomdlavuza eChina
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960s, izivivinyo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza e-China zenze impumelelo enkulu ngenxa yezinhlelo zikahulumeni, izinguquko zenqubomgomo, kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi kuka-2009 no-2018, inani lezivivinyo zomtholampilo zomdlavuza likhuphuka unyaka ngamunye ngesilinganiso sama-33%, lafinyelela inani eliphakeme lezivivinyo ezingu-2602 ezibhaliswe ngo-2020. Lokhu kukhula okusheshayo kukhombisa kokubili isidingo esandayo sokwelashwa okusha kanye nokuzinikela kukahulumeni wase-China ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi. impilo ngokusebenzisa emisha.
Nakuba inqubekelaphambili yenziwe, kusenezithiyo okufanele kubhekwane nazo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezinqubo zokuvuma ukwaziswa. Iziguli ezisezivivinyweni zomtholampilo zomdlavuza e-China zivame ukuba nokungaqondi mayelana nemininingwane ehlanganisa ubungozi, amalungelo, nezinketho. Uhulumeni wase-China usebenzise imibandela eqinile yokuvuma ukwaziswa kanye nezinkambiso, kanye nokukhuthaza ukubonakala obala okukhulayo kanye nokuzibandakanya kwesiguli enqubweni yocwaningo.
Izivivinyo zomtholampilo zeSigaba I ziyingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo lwemithi kanye nentuthuko eShayina. Ngo-2020, umdlavuza waba cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izivivinyo zomtholampilo zesigaba I, okubonisa ukugcizelela kwezwe ocwaningweni lwe-oncological. Isinqumo sikahulumeni wase-China sokudambisa imikhawulo yokungenisa kwemithi egunyaziwe ngo-2017 sikhuthaze ubudlelwano nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe futhi sasekela ukwenziwa kokuhlolwa kwezindawo eziningi zokwelashwa.
Impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo zomdlavuza e-China izoncika ekutshalweni kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwingqalasizinda, imfundo, kanye nemithethonqubo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuqotho besayensi nomthelela womphakathi wocwaningo lomdlavuza esifundeni, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuvuma unolwazi, ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana ngokubambisana, kanye nokubhekana nokungafani ekuzibandakanyeni kwesifunda.
Inqubo yokuqasha
Udinga ukuthumela imibiko yezokwelashwa elandelayo:
- Gcwalisa isifinyezo sezokwelapha esivela kudokotela wamanje owelaphayo.
- Imibiko yakamuva yegazi
- Umbiko wakamuva we-PET CT Scan
- Umbiko we-Biopsy
- Noma yikuphi okunye ukuskena nemibiko etholakalayo
Udokotela wethu onguchwepheshe uzobheka imibiko yakho yezokwelapha futhi asazise mayelana nokutholakala kwezivivinyo zohlobo lwakho lwesifo nokugula. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli sidinga ukufaka idiphozi $ 1500 USD (Ye-USA kuphela) futhi sizoqala ukwabelana ngemibiko yakho nomnyango othintekayo ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Uma kwenzeka ubhaliswa esivivinyweni, le mali izodonswa ezinkokhelweni zethu.
Uma sesiyitholile imibiko yezokwelashwa, ithimba lethu lizomisa wonke amadokhumenti. Ngalesi sikhathi, singase sikucele eminye imibhalo nemibiko. Uma lokho sekwenziwe, sizobheka izivivinyo zomtholampilo kuzo zonke izikhungo zomdlavuza e-United States. Sizokwabelana ngemibiko yakho yezempilo kuzo zonke lezi zikhungo. Ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo okuningi okuqhubekayo, sikholwa ukuthi uzobuthwa kokukodwa kwakho. Uma ukugunyazwa sekuqediwe, udinga ukugcwalisa amafomu athile futhi ugcwalise izinqubo ezithile zedokhumenti. Sizophinde sikutholele incwadi ye-visa yezokwelapha futhi sikusize ngenqubo ye-visa. Kuleli qophelo lesikhathi udinga ukufaka imali egcwele $ 7,000 USD.
Ngemva kokukuthumela yonke imibhalo edingekayo, ufaka isicelo se-visa yezokwelashwa. Ngemva kokuthola i-visa yakho yezokwelapha sizokuqondisa ngokwenza amathikithi okuvakasha. Sizokusiza futhi ngokufuna ihhotela noma izindlu zezivakashi eziseduze. Lapho ufika e-US, ummeleli wethu uzokwamukela esikhumulweni sezindiza futhi akusize ngokuqokwa kukadokotela neminye izinqubo zokubhalisa.
Isiphi isibhedlela oxhumeke kuso e-China nase-USA ukuze uvivinywe?
Sixhumeke cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo zomdlavuza ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, izibhedlela, nezikhungo zocwaningo eChina nase-USA.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuthatha izinsizakalo zeCancerFax?
Ochwepheshe bethu bezokwelapha bazo:
- Qoqa amadokhumenti ezokwelapha aphelele
- Humusha yonke imiyalelo yakwelinye izwe ibe ejwayelekile
- Linganisa ifomethi yedokhumenti yezokwelapha ngokweziqondiso zezibhedlela zase-USA
- Izithombe eziqoqwe ngefomethi ye-DICOM ngokwemihlahlandlela yesibhedlela sase-USA
- Hlela bese uxhumanisa nezibhedlela ngaphambi kokuthumela kumaphothali azo
- Xhumana nezibhedlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthunyelwa
- Sebenzisana nezibhedlela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amaphepha okwelashwa ayamukelwa ukuze icala lamukelwe
- Uma noma yikuphi ukwenqatshwa kwenzeka lapho ithimba lethu lixhumanisa nesibhedlela nesiguli samazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma iyiphi idokhumenti engekho iyahlinzekwa
- Ochwepheshe bethu baqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukwenqatshwa nokubambezeleka
- Sisebenzisana nesibhedlela sakho ukuze sithole ifomethi elungile 'yencwadi yezokwelapha' edingwa yinxusa lezwe lakini le-visa yase-USA
- Ithimba lethu lixhumanisa ukusethwa kwe-aphoyintimenti nesibhedlela nesiguli samazwe ngamazwe, ukuze kuhlelwe ukwelashwa okuphelele
- Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lase-USA likwenzela A kuya ku-Z ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwakho kwase-USA, kusukela ekuqoqeni amadokhumenti akho, ukuletha, incwadi yezokwelapha ye-visa, izilungiselelo ze-aphoyintimenti, ukuhlala, ukudla, uhambo - i-concierge ephelele uma kudingeka.
Zithini izinkokhelo zakho zamasevisi?
Sikhokhisa imali ye $ 7000 USD ngokuqashwa kwesivivinyo somdlavuza e-USA futhi siseChina. $ 1500 USD ikhokhiswa ekuqaleni futhi inani elisele likhokhwa uma ukuqashwa sekuqediwe. Nakuba sinerekhodi elingu-100% lokuqashwa kwezivivinyo zemitholampilo, nokho uma kwenzeka noma ubani engaqashiwe siyambuyisela imali. $ 1000 USD esigulini.
Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kumdlavuza
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luwuphenyo lwezokwelapha olusekelwe ezifundweni zabantu. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye nocwaningo lokubheka yizigaba ezimbili. Izifundo zokuqaphela zibheka abantu ezindaweni zansuku zonke. Ulwazi luyaqoqwa, ababambiqhaza baqoqwe ngokwezimpawu ezijwayelekile, futhi izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyaqhathaniswa. Isibonelo, ukuze baqonde kabanzi ngemithelela yezindlela zokuphila ezihlukahlukene empilweni yengqondo, abacwaningi bangase baqoqe ulwazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi mayelana neqembu labantu abadala asebekhulile ngezivivinyo zezokwelapha, izivivinyo, noma uhlu lwemibuzo. Lolu phenyo lungase luphakamise izindlela ezintsha zokuhlolwa komtholampilo.
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo amaphrojekthi ocwaningo aqhutshwa ezifundweni zabantu ngenhloso yokuhlola ukungenelela kokwelapha, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukuziphatha. Ziyindlela eyinhloko esetshenziswa abacwaningi ukuze banqume ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa okusha, njengomuthi omusha, ukudla, noma igajethi yezokwelapha (njenge-pacemaker), iphephile futhi iyasebenza kubantu. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa okusha kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokwelashwa kwamanje kanye/noma kunemiphumela engemihle embalwa.
Ezinye izifundo zemitholampilo zihlola izindlela zokuhlonza izifo kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele. Abanye bacwaninga amasu okugwema inkinga yezempilo. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kungase futhi kugxile ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yalabo abanezinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona noma izifo ezisongela ukuphila. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ngezikhathi ezithile ziphenya umsebenzi wabanakekeli noma amanethiwekhi okusekela.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: Ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA
Yiziphi izigaba ezine zokuhlolwa komtholampilo?
Izigaba ezine zifakiwe ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola umuthi, ukunquma umthamo olungile, kanye nokuhlola imiphumela engemihle. I-FDA igunyaza umuthi ozosetshenziswa emtholampilo futhi iyaqhubeka nokuqapha imiphumela yawo uma ucwaningo olwenziwe ezigabeni ezintathu zokuqala lukhombisa ukuthi uphephile futhi uyasebenza.
Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kwezidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba. Izivivinyo zeSigaba I, II, kanye ne-III ngokuvamile zidingeka ukuze i-FDA inqume ukuthi iyawugunyaza yini umuthi ukuthi usetshenziswe.
-
- A Isivivinyo sesigaba I ihlola ukwelapha okuhlolwayo eqenjini elincane labantu abavame ukuba nempilo enhle (20 kuya ku-80) ukuze kwahlulele ukuphepha kwayo kanye nemiphumela engemihle kanye nokuthola umthamo womuthi olungile.
-
- A Isivivinyo sesigaba II isebenzisa abantu abaningi (100 kuya ku-300). Nakuba ukugcizelelwa kweSigaba I kusezokuphepha, ukugcizelelwa kweSigaba sesi-II kuse ekusebenzeni kahle. Lesi sigaba sihlose ukuthola idatha yokuqala yokuthi umuthi uyasebenza yini kubantu abanesifo noma isimo esithile. Lezi zinhlolo ziyaqhubeka nokutadisha ukuphepha, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela emibi yesikhashana. Lesi sigaba singahlala iminyaka eminingana.
-
- A Isivivinyo sesigaba III iqoqa ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo, icwaninga abantu abahlukahlukene kanye nemithamo eyahlukene, kusetshenziswa umuthi uhlanganiswe neminye imithi. Inani lezifundo ngokuvamile lisuka kumakhulu ambalwa liye kubantu abangaba ngu-3,000. Uma i-FDA ivuma ukuthi imiphumela yesilingo ivuma, izogunyaza umuthi ohlolwayo noma idivayisi.
-
- A Isivivinyo sesigaba IV izidakamizwa noma izisetshenziswa kwenzeka ngemva FDA igunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukusebenza nokuphepha kwedivayisi noma kwesidakamizwa kugadwa ngenani elikhulu, labantu abahlukahlukene. Kwesinye isikhathi, imiphumela engemihle yomuthi ingase ingacaci kuze kube yilapho abantu abaningi sebewuphuzile isikhathi eside.
Kungani isiguli kufanele sibambe iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo?
Ukubamba iqhaza ezifundweni zomtholampilo zomdlavuza kungaba yisinqumo esihle kubantu okutholwe ukuthi banomdlavuza. Nazi izizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani abantu bangahle bafune ukuba nengxenye kulezi zivivinyo:
Ukufinyelela Ekwelashweni Okusha: Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kunikeza iziguli ithuba lokuzama izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezintsha okungenzeka zinganikezwa ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Le mithi engenabufakazi ingase ibe ngcono ekubhekiseni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza noma ukuzungeza ukumelana nokwelashwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Okuthuthukisiwe: Abantu ababamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo babhekwe eduze futhi banakekelwa ithimba labasebenzi bezempilo abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengodokotela be-oncologists, abahlengikazi, nabacwaningi. Leli zinga lokunakekelwa liqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zithola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kanye nosizo olungakhona ngesikhathi socwaningo.
Igalelo Ekuthuthukeni Kwesayensi: Uma abantu bebamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo, basiza ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwezokwelapha futhi benze ukwelashwa komdlavuza kube ngcono kwabanye abantu. Umsebenzi wabo usiza ukwenza izindlela zokwelapha, amathuluzi okuxilonga, nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo ziphumelele kakhudlwana.
Ukufinyelela Olwazini Lochwepheshe: Odokotela abaholayo abasebenza ngokukhethekile ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza bavame ukuhileleka ezifundweni zomtholampilo. Iziguli zingasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ulwazi lwalaba chwepheshe futhi zifunde mayelana nokutholwe kwakamuva kocwaningo nezindlela zokwelashwa.
Inzuzo Yomuntu Siqu Engaba Khona: Ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lomtholampilo kungase kube nezinzuzo eziqondile kuwe, kodwa lokhu akunikeziwe. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokuhlola zingasebenza kangcono kunezijwayelekile, zinikeze abasebenzisi imiphumela engcono. Ngesikhathi socwaningo, impilo yesiguli ingathuthukiswa futhi ngokulandelelwa eduze kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni okusekelayo.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lomtholampilo, iziguli kufanele zicabange ngokucophelela ngezingozi ezingaba khona, izinzuzo, kanye neziqu. Iziguli zingenza izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokuthi zibambe iqhaza noma zingabambi iqhaza ovivinyweni uma zikhuluma nethimba lazo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi zibuza imibuzo ngakho.
Kwenzekani ocwaningweni lomtholampilo?
Uma wena noma othile omkhathalelayo ecabanga ngokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo zomdlavuza, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukufaneleka nokubhaliswa:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukubona ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukubamba iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni. Uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, kanye nempilo evamile kungase kusetshenziselwe ukunquma ukuthi ubani ofanelekayo. Ungaqhubekela phambili ngokubhalisa uma uhlangabezana namazinga.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Imvume Enolwazi:
Ngaphambi kokujoyina uhlolo lomtholampilo, uzonikezwa ulwazi oluningi ngakho, njengenhloso yalo, ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nezinzuzo, ukuthi luzokwenziwa kanjani, nokuthi luzohlala isikhathi esingakanani. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wazi yonke into mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani futhi kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze imvume yakho ngokusekelwe kulolo lwazi.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Ukuhlola nokuhlola indawo yokuqala:
Uma usubhalisile, uzodlula ekuhlolweni okuningi kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqala. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuthola ukuthi ukungenelela kuyithinta kanjani impilo yakho futhi kubeke iphuzu lokuqhathanisa kulo lonke ucwaningo.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Ukunikezwa okungahleliwe kanye Nokwelashwa:
Kwezinye izifundo, abantu banikezwa ukwelashwa okuhlukile ngokusekelwe ekudwebeni ithuba. Ukungahleliwe kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela ilungile. Ungase unikezwe ukwelashwa okuvamile noma ukwelashwa kokuhlola.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Ukwelashwa nokuqapha:
Ngesikhathi socwaningo, uzothola ukwelashwa okukhethelwe wena ngenkathi ithimba locwaningo likugadile. Ukulandelela njalo nokuvakasha kokulandelela kuyadingeka ukuze ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani, ukubhekana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engemihle, futhi ulandelele ukuqhubeka kwakho.
Isinyathelo sesi-6: Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha:
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, idatha izoqoqwa ngezinto ezifana nezivivinyo zomzimba, izivivinyo zelebhu, ukuskena kwezithombe, nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yempilo. Ithimba locwaningo lizobheka lezi zinombolo ukuze libone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphephe, kuyasebenza, futhi kubaluleke kangakanani sekukonke.
Isinyathelo sesi-7: Qeda isivivinyo futhi uhlale uxhumene:
Uma ukuqulwa kwecala sekuphelile, ngeke usaba ingxenye yalo. Kodwa kungase kudingeke ukulandelelwa kwesikhathi eside ukuze kulandelelwe noma yimiphi imiphumela engase ibe khona sekwephuzile noma ukuthola ukuthi ukwelashwa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi kuthinta kanjani amazinga okufa.
Ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo somdlavuza kuyisinqumo esikhulu esingasiza ukuqhubekisela phambili ucwaningo lomdlavuza futhi kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yokwelashwa. Ngokufunda inqubo engenhla yesinyathelo nesinyathelo, uzokwazi ukwenza isinqumo unolwazi futhi ubambe iqhaza ocwaningweni, wazi ukuthi usiza ekulweni nomdlavuza uwonke. Ngaphambi kokuqala lolu hambo lwethemba nenqubekela phambili, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho kanye nethimba locwaningo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinkathazo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unalo lonke ulwazi oludingayo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo?
Ukubamba iqhaza ezifundweni zomtholampilo zomdlavuza e-United States kungasiza abantu abanomdlavuza kanye nomphakathi wezokwelapha uwonke ngezindlela eziningi. Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile:
Ukufinyelela emithini esezingeni eliphezulu: Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinikeza abantu ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okusha okungakatholakali emphakathini jikelele. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi emisha, imithi yokwelapha, noma amagajethi ezokwelapha angase asebenze kangcono noma abe nemiphumela engemihle embalwa kunaleyo esevele itholakala.
Ikhwalithi engcono yokunakekelwa: Abantu ababamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo bavame ukuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelashwa kodokotela nabahlengikazi abasebenza ngocwaningo lomdlavuza futhi abanolwazi oluningi. Lokhu kungaholela ekulandeleleni okungcono, ukulandelelwa kaningi, kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe.
Imiphumela engaba ngcono: Umgomo wezifundo zomtholampilo uwukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwenza izinto zibe ngcono ezigulini. Ngokubamba iqhaza, unethuba lokusiza ekwenzeni ukwelapha umdlavuza okusha, okungenzeka ukuthi kusebenza kangcono, okungasiza hhayi wena kuphela kodwa nabanye abantu ababa nomdlavuza esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuhlola okuphelele: Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinendlela yokuhlola eqinile ehlanganisa ukuhlola okuphelele, ukuqapha, nokuqoqwa kwedatha. Lokhu kungakusiza ufunde kabanzi ngohlobo lwakho lomdlavuza, ukuthi usabela kanjani ekwelashweni, nezinye izinto ezingase zithinte umbono wakho.
Indlela ye-Multidisciplinary: Ezivivinyweni eziningi zemitholampilo, amathimba ongoti be-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiologist, nabanye ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene basebenza ndawonye. Le ndlela yokusebenzisana yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokuhleleke kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
Usizo olwengeziwe nezisetshenziswa: Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zivame ukunikeza usizo olwengeziwe kanye nezinsiza, njengokwelulekwa, amathuluzi okufundisa, nezindlela zokubhekana nemiphumela engemihle noma ukuthuthukisa impilo yemizwa. Lawa mathuluzi angenza umuzwa wakho ojwayelekile ube ngcono futhi akusize ubhekane nezinkinga eziza nokwelashwa komdlavuza.
Izindleko: Kwezinye izimo, izindleko zokwelashwa okusha noma inqubo ecutshungulwayo zingakhokhwa ngocwaningo lomtholampilo. Ezinye izivivinyo zingase futhi zikukhokhele imali noma zikubuyisele kwezinye zezindleko okufanele uzikhokhe ukuze ube yingxenye.
Igalelo olwazini lwesayensi: Uma ubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lomtholampilo, usiza ulwazi lwesayensi emkhakheni wocwaningo lomdlavuza ukuthi luye phambili. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho kusiza abacwaningi nabasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi bafunde izinto ezibalulekile mayelana nendlela yokwelapha umdlavuza futhi kungase kumise amazinga okunakekela esikhathi esizayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo kubuye nezingozi ezithile kanye nezinto okufanele ucabange ngazo, ezihlukahlukayo kuye kokuhlolwa. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokubamba iqhaza ovivinyweni, kungcono ukukhuluma nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nezingozi futhi ubhekisise imininingwane yocwaningo ngokucophelela.