Izifo zemizwa ziyizinkinga ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ngoba zibangela ukufa nokukhubazeka okuningi. Ukwelashwa kwendabuko akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, okuholele ekushintsheni ezindleleni ezintsha ezifana nokwelashwa okusekelwe kumaseli. Ngenxa yokuthi anamandla amaningi futhi angashintsha abe izinhlobo zamaseli ahlukene, ama-mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) abe yisinqumo esihle sokwelashwa kwamaseli e-allogenic. Lawa maseli, avela ku-mesoderm kanye ne-ectoderm, angakwazi ukusiza ukwelapha izifo zemizwa ngokushintsha abe amaseli afana ne-neuron, athinte amasosha omzimba, futhi akhuthaze ukuvuselelwa kwezinzwa.
Imaphi Amaseli E-Mesenchymal Stem Enziwe Ngawo?
Ama-MSC amangqamuzana angewona awe-hematopoietic angatholakala ezicutshini zomibili imibungu ekhulayo kanye nabantu abadala. Bangakwazi ukwenza amakhophi abo futhi bashintshe babe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli, okuwenza abe usizo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Igama elithi “mesenchymal” livela eqinisweni lokuthi zivela kuzicubu ezixhumene nengane, okuyindawo lapho amathambo, uqwanga, nemisipha kwakhiwa khona. Ngenxa yokuthi angaba yizinhlobo eziningi zamaseli, ama-MSC akhombisa izimpawu ezithile ezingaphezulu futhi abe namandla okwelashwa kwamaseli e-allogenic.
Amathuba Okwelashwa Ezinkingeni Zemizwa
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi i-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSCs) ingavikela ama-neurons futhi awavimbe ukuthi angafi. Bakwenza lokhu nge ukukhipha ama-cytokines kanye nezici ze-neurotrophic ezisiza izinzwa zikhule futhi. Ngenxa yalezi zimfanelo, ama-MSC angasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo zobuchopho njenge-Alzheimer's kanye ne-stroke. Ngisho noma abacwaningi besasebenzela ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ku-MSC, kusenzima ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele isithembiso sabo sokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Sengiphetha, ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell kuyindlela entsha ekhombisa amandla amaningi ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa. Nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe ludingeka ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga zamanje kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yokwelashwa, ama-MSC ayindlela enezici eziningi enamandla okwenza izimpilo zabantu abanezimo zemizwa zibe ngcono.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: Ukwelashwa kweselula
Yiziphi izinzuzo ze-mesenchymal stem cell therapy yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa?
Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell kungasiza ngezinkinga eziningi zemizwa, okuhlanganisa:
I-Neuroprotection kanye ne-Anti-Apoptotic Effects: I-Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) isiza ukuvikela ama-neurons ngokukhulula ama-cytokines nezici ze-neurotrophic ezikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwemizwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekwelapheni izimo ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer's nesifo sohlangothi.
Ukubuyiselwa Okuthuthukisiwe Ku-Ischemic Stroke: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kwe-MSC kungasiza abantu ukuthi balulame ngokushesha ku-ischemic stroke. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okusekelwe ku-MSC kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha izimo zemizwa.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Multimodal Yokulungiswa Kwesistimu Yezinzwa: Ucwaningo lwe-in vitro nolwe-preclinical lubonise ukuthi ama-MSC awusizo ekulungiseni isimiso sezinzwa ezifweni eziningi ngoba anezakhiwo ezikhethekile.
Izinzuzo Ezibalulekile Kumamodeli Ezilwane Neziguli: Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ama-MSC anezinzuzo ezibalulekile kumamodeli ezilwane zezifo zemizwa kanye neziguli ezinokulimala kwemizwa. Lokhu kugqamisa isithembiso sokwelashwa kwe-MSC sokuthuthukisa imiphumela ezinkingeni zemizwa.
Ekuphetheni, ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell kubonisa isithembiso ekuvikeleni ama-neurons, ukusheshisa ukululama kusuka ekushayweni, ukunikeza indlela ye-multimodal yokulungisa isimiso sezinzwa, nokubonisa izinzuzo ezinkulu kuzo zombili izibonelo zezilwane kanye nabantu abanezinkinga zezinzwa.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell yezinkinga zemizwa?
Eminye imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokusebenzisa amaseli e-mesenchymal stem ukwelapha izifo zezinzwa yile:
1. Ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba: Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic MSC kungase kubangele ukusabela komzimba, okungabangela izinkinga ezifana nesifo se-graft-versus-host (GvHD) noma umzimba wenqaba amaseli athunyelwe.
2. I-Tumor ukwakheka: Ngenxa yokuthi ama-MSC awakahlukaniswa, kunethuba elincane kodwa langempela lokuthi kwakheka isimila.
3. ukutheleleka: Ngenxa yokuthi amasosha abo omzimba aba buthaka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, abantu abangenawo amandla omzimba abathola ukwelashwa kwe-MSC bangase babe maningi amathuba okuba bathole izifo.
4. Ukwakhiwa kweTeratoma: Ngenxa yokuthi ama-MSC angashintsha abe izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli, kunengozi engenzeka yokwakheka kwe-teratoma, okuwuhlobo lwesimila olungavamile.
5. Izinkinga ze-Vascular: Ukufakelwa kwe-MSC kungabangela izinkinga zemithambo, njenge-thrombosis noma i-embolism, okunganqamula indawo ekutholeni igazi.
6. Ukusabela kokuvuvukala: Ukwelashwa kwe-MSC kungase kubangele ukusabela kokuvuvukala, okungenza izikhalazo zemizwa zibe zimbi kakhulu noma kubangele izinkinga ezintsha.
Sengiphetha, ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell kunamandla amaningi okwelapha izifo zemizwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ngezingozi nemiphumela engemihle engase ifike nayo. Ukwenza izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ku-MSC zisebenze kangcono futhi zehlise lezi zingozi, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
Yiziphi izifo ezivame kakhulu zemizwa eziphathwa nge-mesenchymal stem cell therapy?
Lezi yizimo ze-neurological ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell ukwelapha:
1. Ukulimala ebuchosheni, ku-Spinal Cord, kanye ne-Peripheral Neerves: Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell, okubandakanya amaseli we-mesenchymal stem, kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukulimala ebuchosheni, umgogodla, nezinzwa ezizungezile.
2. Istroke: I-Mesenchymal stem cell therapy ibonise isithembiso ekwelapheni isifo sohlangothi, ngenhloso yokusiza abantu ukuthi balulame ngokushesha futhi babe nemiphumela engcono.
3. Isifo i-Alzheimer's: Endabeni yesifo i-Alzheimer's, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-mesenchymal stem cell angasiza ekwelapheni lesi sifo ngokuvikela ama-neuron futhi amise ukufa kwamangqamuzana ngokukhipha ama-cytokines nezici ezizuzisayo.
4. I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Amaseli we-Mesenchymal stem ahlolwe ngaphakathi izivivinyo zokwelashwa njengendlela yokwelapha i-MS, futhi olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi bangakwazi ukusiza abantu abanalesi sifo sezinzwa.
Ukufingqa, ukwelashwa kwe-mesenchymal stem cell kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo eziningi zemizwa, njengobuchopho, intambo yomgogodla, nokulimala kwezinzwa ze-peripheral, kanye nesifo se-Alzheimer, i-multiple sclerosis, nesifo sohlangothi.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: I-Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) kanye ne-platelet-rich plasma (PRP) yokwelapha ekwelapheni i-knee osteoarthritis
