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Ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA kubantu bakwamanye amazwe

 

Ufuna ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA?

Xhumana nathi ukuze uqedele izinsizakalo ze-concierge.

QALISA

I-United States yenze intuthuko enkulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza futhi isahamba phambili ekusungulweni okusha kwezokwelapha. Izwe lihlinzeka ngokukhethwa okubanzi kokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelapha ngemisebe, i-immunotherapy, ukwelapha okuhlosiwe, imithi enembile nezivivinyo zomtholampilo. Iziguli ezivela emhlabeni wonke zibheke ngabomvu ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA. I-United States inezikhungo zomdlavuza kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ezinedumela lamazwe ngamazwe ezifaka isandla ekutholakaleni okudabukisayo kanye nemithi yokwelapha emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye nokufinyelela ekwelashweni kokuhlola kunikeza iziguli ithemba. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza ziyaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga, njengoba izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibizayo kanye nobunzima bomshuwalense bubeka izithiyo kubantu abaningi. Imizamo yezwe lonke iyenziwa ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga futhi kuthuthukiswe ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni komdlavuza okuthengekayo nokulinganayo.

Isingeniso

Umdlavuza useyinselelo yezempilo emhlabeni wonke, ebulala izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. I-Cancer therapy iye yashintsha kakhulu I-united states ngenxa yocwaningo olunzulu, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, kanye nohlelo oluqinile lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukucacisa isimo samanje se ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA, eqokomisa intuthuko enkulu kanye nesu lemikhakha eminingi elisetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza enqubweni yase-USA kanye ne-visa

Izikhungo Eziphelele Zokwelapha Umdlavuza e-USA

The I-united states iyikhaya lezikhungo eziningi zomdlavuza ezisezingeni lomhlaba ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza nasocwaningweni. I-National Cancer Institute Izikhungo eziqokiwe (NCI), ezifana ne-MD Anderson Cancer Centre, i-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, ne-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, zihamba phambili ekunakekelweni komdlavuza wesimanje. Lezi zikhungo zikhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, odokotela, neziguli, okuvumela indlela ehlukahlukene yokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokuvimbela.

Ukunemba Kwezokwelapha

Umuthi oqondile uguqule ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-United States. Odokotela bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa namasu okwelapha ukuze baqondise izici eziyingqayizivele zesimila ngasinye ngokuhlaziya ukwakheka kofuzo lwesiguli nokuthola okungavamile kwamangqamuzana. Amasu anjengokulandelana kwesizukulwane esilandelayo asekhule ethengeka kakhulu, okwenza ukuba iphrofayili yofuzo ephelele kanye nemithi yomuntu siqu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezinembile njengemithi eqondiwe, ama-immunotherapies, nama-monoclonal antibodies abe ngcono kakhulu imiphumela yesiguli, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho ukwelashwa kwendabuko kubonise ukusebenza kahle okuncane.

Immunotherapy Intuthuko

I-Immunotherapy iye yavela njengoshintsho lomdlalo ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, afana ne-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) kanye ne-nivolumab (Opdivo), akhiqize impumelelo evelele emazingeni abulalayo afana ne-melanoma, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, nomdlavuza wesinye. Le mithi isebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukuhlonza nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lubheke emithini eyinhlanganisela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-immunotherapies futhi kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zomdlavuza.

Intuthuko Yokwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelapha ngemisebe kusasetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza, futhi intuthuko emkhakheni ithuthukise kakhulu ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kuyilapho kunciphisa imiphumela engemihle. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nokwelashwa kweradiation-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), kanye nokwelashwa kwe-proton kunikeza ukulethwa kwemisebe okuhlosiwe ezindaweni zesimila ngenkathi kugcinwa izicubu ezinempilo. Lokhu kunemba kwehlisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga kuyilapho kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yesiguli phakathi nangemuva kokwelashwa.

I-MIS imele ukuhlinzwa okungavamisile

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa okuvulekile okuvamile, izindlela zokuhlinza ezingangeneleli kancane zinikeza iziguli izikhathi zokululama ngokushesha, ukungaphatheki kahle okuncane, kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangenza ukwelapha okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba okukhulu nangokucophelela ngenxa yokuhlinzwa okusizwa ngamarobhothi, i-laparoscopy, nezindlela ze-endoscopic. Lezi zindlela zibe usizo kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, we-colorectal, nowezifo zabesifazane, phakathi kokunye.

Ucwaningo Lwezempilo Nezilingo

Ukuzinikela kwe-United States ocwaningweni lomdlavuza nasezivivinyweni zomtholampilo akunakuqhathaniswa. Ipayipi eliqinile lezindlela zokwelapha ezisha kanye namasu okwelapha aqinisekiswa izinhlelo zikahulumeni, uxhaso oluzimele, nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezikhungo zemfundo kanye nezinkampani ezithaka imithi. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinikeza iziguli ukufinyelela emithini yesimanje ngenkathi zinegalelo ekuqhubekeleni phambili komhlaba wonke kokunakekelwa komdlavuza. I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlelweni kwenqubo yokugunyazwa kwemishanguzo emisha yomdlavuza, eyivumela ukuthi ifinyelele iziguli eziyidinga ngokushesha.

Ukuhlonza Nokubhekana Nokwehlukana Kwezokunakekelwa Kwezempilo

Nakuba ukwelashwa komdlavuza sekuthuthuke kakhulu, ukubhekana nokungalingani kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kusewukukhathazeka okubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo ekunakekelweni okuhle kakhulu, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokungenelela okuvimbelayo kubo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki isimo senhlalo-mnotho, uhlanga, noma indawo. Ukuze kuqedwe ukungalingani kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yomdlavuza emiphakathini eyahlukene, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukufinyelela, imfundo, nokuxhumana nomphakathi.

Isiphetho

Ngezikhungo zayo ezisezingeni lomhlaba, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo, nokusebenzisana okuhlukahlukene, i-United States iyaqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo enkulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza. Umuthi onembile, i-immunotherapy, ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa nge-radiation, kanye nokuhlinzwa okungenakuhlasela kancane kuguqule ukunakekelwa komdlavuza, okubangele imiphumela engcono kanye nezinga eliphezulu lempilo yeziguli. Kodwa-ke, ukubhekana nokungalingani kokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi bonke abantu banokufinyelela ngokulinganayo entuthukweni yakamuva yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Izwe laseMelika lihamba phambili ekulweni nomdlavuza emhlabeni wonke, ngenxa yocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuzinikela okungaguquki ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha.

Inqubo yokuthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA

Thumela imibiko yakho

Thumela isifinyezo sakho sezokwelapha, imibiko yakamuva yegazi, umbiko we-biopsy, umbiko wakamuva we-PET scan kanye neminye imibiko etholakalayo ku-info@cancerfax.com.

Ukuhlola Nombono

Ithimba lethu lezokwelapha lizohlaziya imibiko futhi liphakamise isibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa kwakho ngokwesabelomali sakho. Sizothola umbono wakho kudokotela owelaphayo kanye nesilinganiso esivela esibhedlela.

I-visa yezokwelapha kanye nokuhamba

Sikusiza ekutholeni i-visa yakho yezokwelapha eya e-USA futhi sihlele uhambo lokwelashwa. Ummeleli wethu uzokwamukela esikhumulweni sezindiza futhi akuphelezele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho.

Ukwelashwa nokulandelela

Ummeleli wethu uzokusiza ekuqokweni kodokotela kanye neminye izinqubo ezidingekayo endaweni. Uzokusiza nanganoma yiluphi olunye usizo lwasendaweni oludingekayo. Lapho ukwelashwa sekuqediwe, ithimba lethu lizoqhubeka lilandelela ngezikhathi ezithile

Kungani kufanele uthathe izinsiza zeCancerFax?

  • Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha base-USA likucwaningela inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezingeni lempumelelo
  • Qoqa amadokhumenti ezokwelapha aphelele
  • Humusha zonke iziqondiso zakwamanye amazwe zibe amajenerikhi
  • Linganisa ifomethi yemibhalo yezokwelapha ngokweziqondiso zesibhedlela sase-USA
  • Izithombe eziqoqwe ngefomethi ye-DICOM ngokwemihlahlandlela yesibhedlela sase-USA
  • Hlela bese uxhumanisa nezibhedlela ngaphambi kokuthumela kumaphothali azo
  • Xhumana nezibhedlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthunyelwa
  • Sebenzisana nezibhedlela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphepha okwelashwa ayamukelwa kuleli cala
  • Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukwenqatshwa, ithimba lethu lixhumana nezibhedlela neziguli zakwamanye amazwe ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi noma imaphi amadokhumenti alahlekile anikeziwe
  • Sisebenza nesibhedlela sakho ukuze uthole ifomethi elungile 'yencwadi yezokwelapha' edingwa inxusa lezwe lakini le-visa yase-USA
  • Ithimba lethu liqondisa ukusethwa kwe-aphoyintimenti nesibhedlela neziguli zakwamanye amazwe ukuze kuhlelwe ukwelashwa okuphelele
  • 20-40% isaphulelo okuxoxiswene ngaso ngesiguli sethu samazwe ngamazwe nesibhedlela
  • Ithimba lethu lochwepheshe lase-USA likwenzela A kuya ku-Z ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwakho kwase-USA, kusukela ekuqoqeni amadokhumenti akho, ukuletha, incwadi yezokwelapha ye-visa, ukulungiselelwa ama-aphoyintimenti, ukuhlala, ukudla, uhambo kanye ne-concierge ephelele uma kudingeka.

Kungani ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA?

Izidakamizwa ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe ekwelapheni umdlavuza

Ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokwelashwa

 

I-United States idume ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuphambili bokwelapha umdlavuza nengqalasizinda yezokwelapha eqinile. Iziguli manje sezikwazi ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okuphambili okungakhuphula imiphumela namazinga okusinda, njengemithi yokwelapha eqondiwe, ama-immunotherapies, kanye nemithi enembile. Iziguli zase-USA zingasebenzisa intuthuko yakamuva kakhulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza ngenxa yokutholakala kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obusezingeni eliphezulu nezivivinyo zokwelashwa. Izidakamizwa e-USA zethulwa eminyakeni engu-4-5 ngaphambili kunanoma yiliphi izwe e-Asia noma e-Afrika.

 

Indlela yesiguli emaphakathi

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abanekhono eliphezulu

 

I-USA inenqwaba yezazi ze-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, izazi ze-radiologist, nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo abanolwazi ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Laba ngcweti bathola ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele futhi bahambisana nentuthuko yakamuva kukho kokubili ucwaningo nezindlela zokwelapha. Ulwazi lwabo nokuzibophezela kwabo kusiza ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye ezigulini kanye nemiphumela engcono yesiguli. Labo dokotela baphinde babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni olusha lwezidakamizwa nasezivivinyweni zomtholampilo. Iziguli nazo zingafinyelela lezi zilingo ngaphambi kwanoma ubani omunye emhlabeni.

ucwaningo lomdlavuza kanye nokuqanjwa okusha e-USA

Ucwaningo olunzulu lomdlavuza kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha

 

Njengoba inezikhungo eziningi zemfundo, izikhungo zocwaningo, nezinkampani ezithaka imithi ezenza izifundo eziphusile, i-United States ingumholi womhlaba wonke ocwaningweni lomdlavuza. Imithi emisha, izindlela zokuxilonga, namasu okwelapha athuthukiswa njengomphumela wokugcizelelwa ocwaningweni nasekusungulweni okusha. Intuthuko eqhubekayo nokutholwayo ocwaningweni lomdlavuza, okuphumela ezindlekweni zokwelashwa ezingcono namazinga aphezulu okusinda, kungazuzisa iziguli ezinomdlavuza e-United States.

Indlela ye-Multidisciplinary yokwelapha umdlavuza e-USA

Indlela ehlukahlukene yokwelapha umdlavuza


E-USA, indlela ehlukahlukene yokunakekela umdlavuza ivame ukusetshenziswa, lapho iqembu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha lisebenza ndawonye ukwenza uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu. Ngaleli su, iziguli ziqinisekiswa ukwelashwa okuphelele okucabangela zonke izici zokugula kwazo. Imvamisa, ongoti bezokwelapha, odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela be-radiation oncologists, abahlengikazi, osonhlalakahle, nabanye abasebenzi abasekelayo bakha amaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzisana ukuze anikeze iziguli ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokusekelwa kulo lonke uhambo lwazo lomdlavuza.

Ama-oncologists aphezulu e-USA ekwelapheni umdlavuza

Ochwepheshe bomdlavuza abavela ezikhungweni eziphezulu zomdlavuza ezifana ne-MD Anderson, Memoral Sloan Kettering, Dana Farber, Mayo Clinic, Boston Choldren's Hospital njll.

 
Ukuhlola kuqala kukaDkt_Jonathan_W_Goldman-removebg

UDkt Jonathan (MD)

I-Oncology ye-Thoracic

Iphrofayela: UProfesa Ohlangene wezokwelapha e-UCLA esigabeni se-Hematology/Oncology. Ungumqondisi we-UCLA wezivivinyo zomtholampilo ku-thoracic oncology kanye noMqondisi Ohlangene wokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zakuqala.

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Benjamin_Philip_Levy__M.D-removebg-preview

UDkt Benjamin (MD)

I-Oncology yezokwelapha

Iphrofayela: Umqondisi womtholampilo we-oncology yezokwelapha we-Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center esibhedlela sase-Sibley Memorial, kanye noprofesa ohlangene we-oncology we-Johns Hopkins University.

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U-Erica L. Mayer, MD, MPH

UDkt. Erica L. Mayer (MD, MPH)

I-Oncology Yebele

Iphrofayela: UDkt. Mayer uthole iziqu zakhe zobudokotela e-Harvard Medical School ngo-2000. Wabe eseqeda ubudlelwano bakhe ku-Medical Oncology e-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. 

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Edwin P. Alyea

Edwin P. Alyea III, MD

Ukwelashwa ngamaselula

Iphrofayela: Umfundisi eMnyangweni Wezokwelapha, Wezokwelapha, I-Hematologic Malignancies kanye Nokwelashwa Kweselula 2020. Ilungu le-Duke Cancer Institute, i-Duke Cancer Institute 2022

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Daniel J. DeAngelo

Daniel J. DeAngelo MD, PhD

Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-Cell

Iphrofayela: UDkt. DeAngelo uthole iziqu zakhe ze-MD kanye ne-PhD ku-Albert Einstein College of Medicine ngo-1993. Usebenze ubudlelwano bomtholampilo ku-hematology kanye ne-oncology e-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, lapho ajoyina khona abasebenzi ngo-1999.

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UDkt Linus Ho MD Anderson

UDkt. Linus Ho (MD)

I-Oncology yezokwelapha

Iphrofayela: UDkt. Linus Ho, MD unguchwepheshe we-Medical Oncology e-Houston, TX futhi unolwazi olungaphezu kweminyaka engama-32 emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Uthole iziqu e-STANFORD UNIVERSITY ngo-1991. Ihhovisi lakhe lamukela iziguli ezintsha.

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THOLA UMBONO KANYE NESILINGANISO

Izibhedlela eziphezulu zomdlavuza e-USA

Sibambisene nabanye Izibhedlela eziphezulu zomdlavuza e-USA yokwelashwa kwakho. Bheka uhlu lwalezi zibhedlela zomdlavuza.

Izikhungo ze-MD Anderson Cancer USA

Isikhungo Somdlavuza we-MD Anderson

I-MD Anderson Cancer Centre iyindawo eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke yokwelapha umdlavuza kanye nocwaningo. Yaziwa ngendlela yayo ephelele yokunakekelwa komdlavuza, izindlela zokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nocwaningo oluhamba phambili. Itholakala eHouston, eTexas. U-MD Anderson usebenzisa ithimba lezinhlaka eziningi lochwepheshe ukwenza izinhlelo zokwelapha ezenzelwe umuntu ngamunye isiguli ngasinye, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, i-immunotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Lesi sikhungo sizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukunakekelwa komdlavuza ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zemitholampilo kanye namaphrojekthi okucwaninga amanoveli, ngenhloso yokwenza ngcono imiphumela kanye nokujulisa ukuqonda ngebhayoloji yomdlavuza. I-MD Anderson Cancer Centre ingumholi emhlabeni wonke ocwaningweni nokwelapha umdlavuza. 

Iwebhusayithi

THOLA UMBONO KANYE NESILINGANISO
I-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre eNew York

ISikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo Somtholampilo waseSkyan

I-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) eNew York City iyinhlangano eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke yokwelapha nokucwaninga umdlavuza. I-MSKCC inomlando omude weminyaka ecishe ibe yi-135 yokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okukhulu kwesiguli, ukwelashwa okusha, kanye nocwaningo oluguquguqukayo. Indlela yokusebenza yalesi sikhungo ehlanganisa imikhakha eminingi ihlanganisa ithimba elibanzi lochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eminingana ukuhlinzeka isiguli ngasinye ngezinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe. Ukuzinikela kwe-MSKCC ocwaningweni kubonakala ezinhlolweni zayo eziningi zomtholampilo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwenza ngcono imithi yomdlavuza. I-Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, ngokuzibophezela kwayo okungaphezi ekwandiseni ukunakekelwa komdlavuza, imi phambili ekulweni nomdlavuza.

Iwebhusayithi

THOLA UMBONO KANYE NESILINGANISO
I-Mayo-Clinic-Rochester

I-Mayo Clinic Cancer Centre

IMayo Clinic Cancer Center iyingxenye ebalulekile yomtholampilo owaziwa umhlaba wonke iMayo Clinic, owaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokunakekelwa kwawo okuphakeme komdlavuza, ucwaningo kanye nemfundo. Isebenza njengesixhumanisi sokuqamba okusha nokusebenzisana njengesikhungo somdlavuza esiqokwe yiNational Cancer Institute (NCI). Ukuhlinzeka iziguli ngokwelashwa komdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu, iMayo Clinic Cancer Center ihlanganisa ndawonye ithimba elihlukahlukene lochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa odokotela, ososayensi, kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo. Izinhlelo zocwaningo eziqinile zalesi sikhungo, izivivinyo zemitholampilo, nezindlela zokwelapha eziqondene nawe zibonisa ukuzinikela kwaso ekwandiseni ulwazi kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yesiguli. I-Mayo Clinic Cancer Centre, ngokuphishekela kwayo izinga eliphezulu, isaqhubeka nokuhamba phambili ekunakekelweni komdlavuza, yenza umnikelo omkhulu kulo msebenzi.

Iwebhusayithi

THOLA UMBONO KANYE NESILINGANISO
Dana Farber Cancer Institute

I-Dana Farber Cancer Centre

I-Dana-Farber Cancer Institute isikhungo sokucwaninga nokwelapha umdlavuza esidume umhlaba wonke esiseBoston, Massachusetts. Njengesinye sezikhungo ezihamba phambili zomdlavuza e-United States, i-Dana-Farber izibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kweziguli, ukwenza ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu, nokuqeqesha izizukulwane ezizayo zodokotela be-oncologists. Ngethimba lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene, lesi sikhungo sihlinzeka ngemithi ehlukahlukene ekhethekile yokwelapha umdlavuza, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ichemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, kanye nokwelapha okuhlosiwe. U-Dana-Farber utshalwe ngokujulile ocwaningweni lokuhumusha, egxile ekuguquleni okutholwe yisayensi kube izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zeziguli. Ngokuzinikela kwayo ekwenzeni okuhle, iDana-Farber Cancer Institute iyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulweni nomdlavuza.

Iwebhusayithi

THOLA UMBONO KANYE NESILINGANISO
Inyuvesi-yaseCalifornia-Los-Angeles-Medical-Center

I-UCLA Medical Center

I-UCLA Medical Center iyisikhungo sezokwelapha esikhulu eLos Angeles, eCalifornia, esaziwa ngokunakekela isiguli okuphakeme, ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nemfundo yezokwelapha. Kuyisikhungo esihamba phambili sokwelashwa okuthuthukile kanye nezinqubo ezintsha njengengxenye yohlelo olukhulu lwe-UCLA Health. I-UCLA Medical Centre, enethimba lodokotela abanekhono eliphezulu nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi ezikhethekile emikhakheni eyahlukene yezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa komdlavuza, ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, imithi yenhliziyo, i-neurology, nokunye. Ukuzinikela kwayo ocwaningweni nasemfundweni kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwezinto ezintsha zakamuva ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ukubeka i-UCLA Medical Center njengomholi ekunakekelweni okugxile esigulini nasekuphumeleleni kwezokwelapha.

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I-Cleveland Clinic Ohio

I-Cleveland Clinic

I-Cleveland Clinic isikhungo sezokwelapha esidume umhlaba wonke kanye nesikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo esiseCleveland, e-Ohio. ICleveland Clinic inedumela lekhulu leminyaka lokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okuhle kweziguli, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nemfundo. Le nhlangano yakhiwe izibhedlela, imitholampilo, nezikhungo ezikhethekile ezibhekelela izinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yezokwelapha. Ukuzibophezela kweCleveland Clinic ekusunguleni izinto kubonakala ezinhlelweni zayo zocwaningo eziyimpumelelo kanye nentuthuko yentuthuko yezokwelapha. Umtholampilo uyaqhubeka nokuba negalelo elikhulu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, uhlinzeka ngemithi emisha kanye nokwandisa imiphumela yesiguli, sibonga ithimba elizinikele lodokotela nososayensi abadumile. I-Cleveland Clinic ingumholi womhlaba ekusungulweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa okugxile esigulini.

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I-Hope City Comprehensive Cancer Centre

I-City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Centre

I-City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Centre iyisikhungo esidume umhlaba wonke esizinikele ocwaningweni lwezinguquko, ekwelapheni okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, nokunakekela iziguli ezinomdlavuza. Ngomlando ocebile othathe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, iDolobha Lethemba belilokhu lihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni komdlavuza. Indlela yayo yokwenza izinto eziningi ihlanganisa ithimba lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa odokotela, ososayensi, nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, bonke abazinikele ocwaningweni lomdlavuza. Izikhungo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zalesi sikhungo kanye nomoya wokubambisana ukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi emisha kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha eziqondene nawe. Umgomo weCity of Hope udlulela nangale komtholampilo, njengoba ubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ezinhlelweni zokufinyelela emphakathini kanye nezemfundo, unikeza ithemba nokweseka iziguli ezinomdlavuza emhlabeni wonke.

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Isibhedlela Sezingane sasePhiladelphia (CHOP)

Isibhedlela Sezingane sasePhiladelphia (CHOP)

Isibhedlela sezingane sase-Philadelphia (CHOP) isikhungo sezokwelapha sezingane esidume umhlaba wonke esibe sihamba phambili ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwezingane iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-150. I-CHOP isizuze idumela lokunikeza ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu, ukwenza ucwaningo oluphambili, nokulwela impilo yezingane ngokuzibophezela kwayo okungapheli enhlalakahleni yezingane. Ithimba lesibhedlela elihlukahlukene lodokotela, abahlengikazi, nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bayasebenzisana ukuze banikeze ukwelashwa okusezingeni eliphezulu nokunakekela komuntu siqu ezinganeni ezihlushwa izifo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Izinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-CHOP, izikhungo zocwaningo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nendlela egxile emndenini ikwenza kube isibani sethemba nokuphulukisa emindenini edinga usizo endaweni nangale kwayo.

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Izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA kwabangaphandle

Izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwezikhungo zomdlavuza. Izindleko ezimaphakathi zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA ingaphuma ibe noma yikuphi phakathi $100,000 USD futhi ingakhuphukela ku-Million USD kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza kanye nesibhedlela esikhethiwe. Umdlavuza uyisitha esibulalayo esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanya ne-United States. Nakuba intuthuko yezokwelapha iye yaba ngcono kakhulu imiphumela yokwelapha umdlavuza, izindleko zokwelapha ezinjalo ziye zenyuka muva nje. Izindleko ezibizayo zokunakekelwa komdlavuza seziyinkinga enkulu ezigulini nasemindenini yazo, okuvame ukuholela ekucindezelekeni ngokwezimali nasezinqumweni ezinzima.

Izindleko Zokwelapha Ziyanda:

Izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA ngaphandle komshwalense selibiza kakhulu e-United States. Izindleko eziphakeme zemithi emisha, ukuhlolwa okumba eqolo, izindlela zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokuhlala esibhedlela nokuhlinzwa yizo zonke izici ezinomthelela kulokhu kwanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olubalulekile nentuthuko edingekayo ukuletha imithi emisha emakethe yengeza emananini akhuphukayo.

Umthelela Ezigulini:

Ezigulini, umthwalo wezezimali wokwelashwa komdlavuza ungaba mkhulu. Ngisho noma unomshwalense, izinkokhelo ezikhokhelwayo, izimali ezidonswayo, kanye nezindleko eziphuma ephaketheni zingashesha ukuhlanganisa, kubeke ubunzima kubantu ngabanye nasemindenini. Ukwelapha isikhathi eside, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha ngemisebe, izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe, nokwelashwa kwamasosha omzimba, kungase kubeke iziguli engozini yezimali. Abaningi baphoqeleka ukuba basebenzise izimali zabo, bathengise izimpahla, noma bangene ezikweletini ezinkulu ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa okubalulekile.

Finyelela Ukungalingani:

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuyabiza, okugcizelela ukungezwani ekutholeni ukunakekelwa. Iziguli ezinezinsiza zezimali ezilinganiselwe noma umshwalense onganele zingase zibhekane nezithiyo ezinkulu nakakhulu zokuthola ukwelashwa okusindisa ukuphila. Lokhu kungalingani kungaholela ekunakekelweni okubambezelekile noma okunganele, imiphumela yezempilo ibe yimbi kakhulu futhi kwandise igebe phakathi kwalabo abakwaziyo nabangakwazi ukukhokhela ukwelashwa.

Ufuna Izixazululo:

Ukuze kubhekwane nezindleko ezikhuphukayo zokwelashwa komdlavuza, kudingeka indlela enezici eziningi. Ukukhuthaza ukuba sobala kwamanani entengo, ukuxoxisana ngezintengo zezidakamizwa, kanye nokukhuthaza ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile konke kungasiza ekwehliseni umthwalo wezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandisa ukukhava komshwalense kanye nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusiza iziguli ezikhokhelwa ngaphandle kwephakethe kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezezimali.

Isiphetho:

Izindleko ezikhulayo zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-United States zenze izinkinga ezinkulu ezingokomzwelo nezezezimali kwabagulayo. Njengoba izwe liqhubeka nokulwa nalesi sifo esitholakala yonke indawo, kubalulekile ukuthola izixazululo zesikhathi eside ezinikeza ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni okufanele ngaphandle kokuthwalisa kanzima abantu nemindeni ngezindleko ezimba eqolo. Singanciphisa umthwalo wezezimali futhi silethe inhlansi yethemba ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ngokusebenzela ukufinyeleleka okukhudlwana nokufinyelela okufanele.

 

Ungakuthola kanjani ukwelashwa komdlavuza mahhala e-USA?

Ukuthola ukwelashwa komdlavuza mahhala e-United States kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima, kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza nezinketho ezitholakalayo ukusiza labo abanezinkinga zezimali. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingasiza ukufinyelela ekwelashweni kwamahhala komdlavuza:

I-NGO's: Izinhlangano eziningi ezisiza abantulayo nezingenzi nzuzo zinikeza usizo lwezezimali, izibonelelo, kanye nokufinyelela ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa komdlavuza; ngakho-ke, kuwubuhlakani ukuphenya lezi zinhlangano. Yenza ucwaningo oluphelele lwe-inthanethi noma uxhumane nenhlangano yendawo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uthole izinsiza ezitholakalayo.

I-Medicaid ne-Medicare: Nquma ukuthi uyazanelisa yini izidingo zokufaneleka ze-Medicaid noma i-Medicare, njengoba lezi zinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezixhaswa uhulumeni zingase zihlanganise izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza kubantu abahola kancane noma abakhubazekile.

Izivivinyo zemitholampilo: Cabangela ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo ezihlinzeka ngokwelashwa kokuhlolwa kwamahhala noma okungabizi. Lezi zinhlolo zingase zinikeze izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nemithi engakatholakali kabanzi.

Izibhedlela eziningi zihlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokusiza ngezimali ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ezingakwazi ukuxhasa ngezimali ukwelashwa. Buza ngokuqondile nezibhedlela mayelana nezinqubomgomo nezinqubo zokufaka izicelo.

Izisekelo: Izisekelo eziningana zinikeza usizo lwezezimali ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza; lezi zisekelo ziqondene ngqo nomdlavuza. Yenza ucwaningo futhi uxhumane nalezi zisekelo ukuze unqume ukuthi zinganikeza usizo yini.

Izinsiza zomphakathi wendawo: Cwaninga ngezinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini, izinhlangano zezenkolo, namaqembu okusekela angase anikeze usizo lwezezimali noma usizo lokuzulazula ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Izinhlangano ezimela iziguli: ukuxhumana nezinhlangano ezimela iziguli eziqondene ngqo nomdlavuza. Bangase banikeze isiqondiso, usizo, nolwazi mayelana nezinketho zosizo lwezezimali.

Khumbula ukuthi ukutholakala nokufaneleka kwezidingo zokwelashwa komdlavuza kungahluka ngendawo kanye nezimo ngazinye. Ekufuneni kwakho usizo, kubalulekile ukushesha, uhlakaniphe, futhi uphikelele. Ukuthola usizo lochwepheshe bezempilo, osonhlalakahle, nabeluleki bezezimali kungaba wusizo phakathi nale nqubo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza e-United States of America

Ungahle uthande ukufunda: Ungahlanganyela kanjani ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo e-USA?

I-visa yezokwelapha eya e-USA

I-United States ivele njengenketho ethandwa kakhulu ezigulini ezinomdlavuza ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba, kubandakanya neNdiya, kusukela isiko lokuthola ukwelashwa phesheya iye yanda kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. I-United States iyindlela ekhangayo kubantu abadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile komdlavuza ngoba inezinye zezikhungo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo abaqeqesheke kakhulu. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo yokuthola i- i-visa yezokwelapha yase-United States evela eNdiya ngaphambi kokuqala lolu hambo.

  1. Ukuqonda I-Visa Yezokwelapha: I-visa yezokwelapha, eyaziwa nangokuthi “i-visa ye-B-2 yokwelashwa,” yakhelwe ngokukhethekile abantu abafuna usizo lwezokwelapha e-United States. Ivumela iziguli ukuthi zihambe ziye e-US okwesikhashana ukuze zithole ukwelashwa okungenzeka kungatholakali kalula noma okwekhwalithi efanayo ezweni lakubo. I-visa ikhishwa Inxusa LaseMelika noma Inxusa laseNdiya futhi inikezwa isikhathi esithile, ngokuvamile esingafika ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

  2. Imibhalo Edingekayo: Ukufaka isicelo se-visa yezokwelapha, imibhalo ethile idinga ukuhanjiswa. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

a. Iphasiphothi Evumelekile: Iphasipoti esemthethweni okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphezu kwesikhathi esihlosiwe sokuhlala e-US iyadingeka.

b. Ifomu Lesicelo Se-Visa Eligcwalisiwe: Ifomu lesicelo se-visa le-visa eliku-inthanethi (DS-160) kufanele ligcwaliswe ngokunembile futhi lihanjiswe nge-elekthronikhi.

c. Ukuqinisekisa I-aphoyintimenti: Kudingeka ukuphrinta kwekhasi lokuqinisekisa i-aphoyintimenti.

d. Irisidi Yemali: Imali yokufaka isicelo se-visa kufanele ikhokhwe, futhi irisidi kufanele yethulwe phakathi nenhlolokhono.

e. Ukuxilongwa Kwezokwelapha: Ukuxilongwa okuningiliziwe kwezokwelapha okuvela esibhedlela esaziwayo noma esikhungweni sezempilo e-India, okuchaza uhlobo lwesifo noma isimo kanye nokwelashwa okunconyiwe e-United States, kubalulekile.

f. Incwadi Yokuqokwa: Incwadi yesikhathi esimisiwe evela kumhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo wase-US, eqinisekisa usuku nemininingwane yokwelashwa, kufanele ihlinzekwe.

g. Ubufakazi Bezezimali: Amadokhumenti abonisa ikhono lesiguli lokukhokhela izindleko zezokwelapha kanye nezindleko ezihlobene phakathi nesikhathi sihlala e-United States abalulekile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izitatimende zasebhange, izimbuyiselo zentela yeholo, noma izincwadi zoxhaso.

h. Izithameli Ezihambisana Nazo: Uma isiguli sidinga othile ukuba asiphelezele, njengelungu lomndeni noma umnakekeli, imibhalo yaso, okuhlanganisa nepasipoti kanye nobufakazi bobudlelwano, kufanele futhi kuhlinzekwe.

  1. Inqubo Yezingxoxo: Ngemva kokuhambisa imibhalo edingekayo, i-aphoyintimenti yenhlolokhono e-US Embassy noma i-Consulate izohlelwa. Inhlolokhono yenziwa ukuze kutholwe ukufaneleka komfakisicelo ukuthola i-visa yezokwelapha. Phakathi nenhlolokhono, kubalulekile ukunikeza ulwazi olunembile noluthembekile mayelana nesimo sezokwelapha, uhlelo lokwelashwa, namalungiselelo ezezimali.

  2. Ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe: Ngenkathi ufaka isicelo se-visa yezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukugcina amaphuzu alandelayo engqondweni:

a. Isikhathi: Kuyancomeka ukuthi ufake isicelo se-visa yezokwelapha kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokwelashwa okuhleliwe ukuze uvumele isikhathi esanele sokucutshungulwa kanye nanoma yikuphi ukubambezeleka okungalindelekile.

b. Amarekhodi Ezokwelapha Aphelele: Kuyazuzisa ukuhlanganisa isethi ephelele yamarekhodi ezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa, ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini, nanoma yimuphi umlando wezokwelapha ofanele, ukuze unikeze isithombe esicacile sesimo sesiguli.

c. Umshwalense Wokuhamba Nezempilo: Ukuthola umshuwalense wokuhamba nowezempilo kunconywa kakhulu ukuze unciphise noma yiziphi izindleko ezingalindelekile zezokwelapha noma ezihlobene nokuhamba.

d. Landela Izinkombandlela Zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe: Kubalulekile ukuthobela yonke imithetho neziqondiso zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ngesikhathi uhlala e-United States. Ukweqa isikhathi esigunyaziwe noma ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini engaphezu kobubanzi be-visa kungaholela emiphumeleni yomthetho kanye nokunqatshelwa kwe-visa esikhathini esizayo.

Kungase kube nzima ukuzulazula ebunzimeni benqubo yokufaka isicelo se-visa. Ngakho-ke, kungase kube usizo ukufuna izeluleko kubaxhumanisi bokufika noma izinhlangano ezikhethekile zezohambo lwezokwelapha ezifana ICancerFax. Laba chwepheshe banganikeza izeluleko ezinolwazi, usizo ngamaphepha, futhi benze lula inqubo yokufaka isicelo se-visa.

Ekugcineni, ukuthola a i-visa yezokwelapha yase-United States evela eNdiya kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela, imibhalo egcwele, kanye nokuhlonipha imithetho yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Iziguli ezihambela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo futhi zihlelwe ngokwezimali zazo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhamba. Iziguli zingahambela ukwelashwa ngokuzethemba uma zithatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo futhi zifuna usizo oludingekayo, zazi ukuthi zenze konke okusemandleni ukuze zithole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka e-United States.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu e-USA

Isingeniso

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni wonke, futhi i-United States ibihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu e-United States kwenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yendlela yokwenza izinto eziningi, ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nemisebenzi yocwaningo olubanzi. Le ndatshana ihlola intuthuko yakamuva kanye namaqhinga athembisayo ekulawuleni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, igqamisa imizamo yokubambisana eye yathuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli kanye nenguquko yokunakekelwa.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu e-USA

Ukuhlola nokutholwa kusenesikhathi

Ukuhlonzwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle yokwelashwa. Ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo zokuhlolwa kwe-low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) e-United States kufakazele ukuthi kushintsha igeyimu. I-LDCT ivumela ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwamaqhuqhuva wamaphaphu, okwenza ngcono amathuba ezinyathelo zokwelashwa eziyimpumelelo. I-National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) ithole ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-LDCT kwehlise ukufa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-20% kubantu abadala abasengozini enkulu, okuholela esincomweni sokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kubantu abasengozini enkulu.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe kanye Nomuthi Onembile

Intuthuko ekuphrofayilini yofuzo ivule amathuba amasha emithi eqondiwe ekwelapheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Odokotela bangathola ukungalungi okuthile kofuzo kumathumba ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-genomic, okubavumela ukuthi basebenzise imithi eqondiwe ephazamisa izinqubo ezithile zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ezihilelekile ekukhuleni kwesimila. Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe okufana ne-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, i-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, nama-ROS1 inhibitors abonise impumelelo emangalisayo emaqenjini amancane eziguli ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Le mithi ithuthukise kakhulu ukuphila ngaphandle kokuqhubekela phambili kanye nekhwalithi yempilo, okuphawula ukushintsha kwepharadigm ekwelashweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu.

I-Immunotherapy kanye ne-Checkpoint Blockers

I-Immunotherapy iguqule isimo sokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu. I-Checkpoint inhibitors, njenge i-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) futhi i-nivolumab (Opdivo), baye babonisa ukusebenza kahle okumangalisayo kumdlavuza wamaphaphu othuthukisiwe ngokuthuthukisa ukusabela komzimba kumangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi isebenza ngokuvimbela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba ngokukhubaza amaprotheni okuhlola amasosha omzimba, okuvumela ama-T-cell ukuthi abone futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ibonise imiphumela yesikhathi eside futhi yandise amazinga okusinda jikelele, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinamazinga aphezulu e-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Intuthuko Yokwelapha Ngemisebe

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuseyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, okufana nokwelapha ngeradiation body stereotactic (SBRT) kanye nokwelashwa kweradiation okunamandla (IMRT), kunika amandla ukulethwa kwemisebe okunembile ezindaweni zesimila kuyilapho kunciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo. I-SBRT, ikakhulukazi, inikeza inketho engahlaseli abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sokuqala abangasibo abahlinzeki. Iletha imithamo emikhulu yemisebe ngesikhathi esifushane, okuholela emazingeni amahle okulawula isimila kanye nemiphumela engemihle ephansi.

Intuthuko Yokuhlinza kanye Namasu Angena Kancane

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuyaqhubeka nokuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi ekuguleni okusesigabeni sokuqala. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinqubo zokuhlinza ezingangeneleli kancane ezifana ne-video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) kanye nokuhlinzwa okusizwa ngamarobhothi (RAS) ziye zanda. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinza okujwayelekile okuvamile, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukusika okuncane, ukulahlekelwa igazi elincane, ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane esibhedlela, nezikhathi zokuphulukisa ngokushesha. Izinqubo ezihlasela kancane zandisa imiphumela yesiguli kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ucwaningo Lwezempilo Nezilingo

Ingqalasizinda yesivivinyo somtholampilo esikhulu sase-United States nemisebenzi yocwaningo yenze umnikelo obalulekile entuthukweni yokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zinikeza iziguli ukufinyelela emithini emisha nokukhetha ukwelashwa, njengemithi eqondiwe, ama-immunotherapies, kanye nenhlanganisela yokwelapha. Lezi zinhlolo azinikezi iziguli ithemba kuphela, kodwa futhi zivumela abacwaningi ukuthi baqoqe idatha ebalulekile kanye nezinketho ezingcono zokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Isiphetho

Izinhlelo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi, amasu emithi enembayo, ukuphumelela kwe-immunotherapy, kanye nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe ekwelapheni ngemisebe nokuhlinzwa konke kube nomthelela entuthukweni emangalisayo ekwelashweni komdlavuza wamaphaphu e-United States eminyakeni yamuva nje. Lezi zenzakalo ziye zaholela emiphumeleni engcono yesiguli, amazinga aphezulu okusinda, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lempilo. I-United States iyaqhubeka nokwenza inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekulweni nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, iletha ithemba ezigulini nasemindenini yazo ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo, imizamo yokubambisana, nokuzibophezela ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele e-USA

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele e-United States kuthuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, kunikeza iziguli izindlela ezihlukile ezihambisana nezidingo zazo ezihlukile. Isu lokwelapha umdlavuza webele linqunywa ngenani lemibandela, okuhlanganisa isigaba somdlavuza, izici zesimila, kanye nesimo sonke sesiguli.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele e-USA

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha umdlavuza webele. Kungase kuhilele ukuhlinzwa okonga ibele, njenge- lumpectomy, lapho kukhishwa khona isimila nezicubu ezizungezile kuphela, noma i- mastectomy, lapho kukhishwa khona lonke ibele. Abesifazane abafuna ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebele ngemva kokuhlinzwa banezinye izindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Adjuvant kuvame ukunikezwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kwehliswe amathuba okubuya komdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy, ukwelapha okuhlosiwe, ukwelashwa kwamahomoni, nokwelashwa ngemisebe kuyizibonelo. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi eqinile ukuze ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba, kuyilapho ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kugxile ezicini ezithile zamangqamuzana zesimila. Ukwelashwa kwama-hormone, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa izimila zebele ze-hormone receptor-positive, kuhlose ukuvimbela ama-hormone ukuthi asebenze kumaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe enamandla amakhulu esicutshini sebele esilimele ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.

Ukuthuthuka kwezokwelapha okunembayo kuholele ezindleleni zokwelashwa eziqondene nawe zomdlavuza webele. Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuvumela ukuhlonzwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zofuzo ezingase ziphakamise ithuba lokuba nomdlavuza webele, ukuqondisa izinqumo zokwelashwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela. I-Immunotherapy, indlela engaba khona, isebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.

Nakuba izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza webele e-United States zingase zibe phezulu, ukufakwa komshwalense kanye nezinhlelo zokusiza ngezezimali kungasiza. Izinhlangano namaphrojekthi okuqwashisa ngomdlavuza wamabele adlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni ulwazi, imfundo, nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo kwabagulayo nemindeni yabo.

Imiphumela yomdlavuza wamabele ingathuthukiswa ngokuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Abesifazane kufanele bakhuthale ngempilo yebele futhi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho izimpawu noma izinguquko ezishaqisayo ziphawulwa.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamabele e-United States kuyizimo eziningi, okubandakanya ukuhlinzwa, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, nokwelashwa ngamahomoni. Umuthi onembile kanye nokwelashwa komuntu siqu kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli, kuyilapho ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nemisebenzi yokweseka ihlose ukwandisa ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukufinyelela ekwelashweni, kanye nokuphila.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal e-USA

Nakuba umdlavuza we-colorectal uyinkinga yezempilo engathi sína e-US, ukuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yesiguli. Isigaba somdlavuza, indawo yesimila, kanye nesimo esijwayelekile sesiguli konke kuthinta indlela umdlavuza wesikhumba olashwa ngayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal e-USA

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlinzwa ekwelapheni umdlavuza we-colorectal kubalulekile. Isimila kanye nama-lymph nodes aseduze kufanele asuswe. Ukuhlinza kwendawo, i-colectomy, kanye ne-proctectomy izindlela zokwelapha zokuhlinzwa ezingasetshenziswa kuye ngendawo nosayizi wesimila. Kwezinye izimo, izinqubo ezihlasela kancane ezifana ne-laparoscopy noma ukuhlinzwa okusizwa ngamarobhothi zingasetshenziswa. Lezi zinqubo zinikeza izikhathi zokuphulukisa ngokushesha kanye nezibazi ezincane.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, imishanguzo ye-adjuvant ivame ukuphakanyiswa ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okubuya komdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuthumela imisebe enamandla amakhulu endaweni ethintekile ukuze kuqedwe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele kuyilapho i-chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi enamandla yokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kugxile ezicini ezithile zamangqamuzana zesimila ukuze kuvinjwe ukuhlukana nokukhula kwaso.

Umdlavuza we-colorectal osethuthukile ubonise imiphumela emihle lapho welashwa nge-immunotherapy. Isebenza ngokucupha amasosha omzimba esiguli ukuze abone futhi alwe namaseli omdlavuza.

E-USA, izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza we-colorectal zingaba phezulu. Ukuze kwehliswe ubunzima bezindleko ezigulini, kunikezwa izinhlelo zosizo lwezezimali kanye nokuhlinzekwa komshwalense. Amaqembu okusekela kanye nezinhlangano ezimelela isiguli zibalulekile ekunikezeni iziguli nemindeni yazo ukufinyelela ezinsizeni, ulwazi, nokusekelwa ngokomzwelo.

Imiphumela yomdlavuza we-colorectal ingathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokuhlolwa okuvamile nokuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi. I-Colonoscopies nezinye izinqubo zokuhlola zingasiza ekuhlonzweni kusenesikhathi kwama-polyps noma umdlavuza, okuvumela ukungenelela nokwelashwa ngokushesha.

Sengiphetha, i-US isebenzisa isu le-multidisciplinary ukwelapha umdlavuza we-colorectal ohlanganisa ukuhlinza, ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali, ukwelapha ngemisebe, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy. Imiphumela yesiguli ibe ngcono ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezinketho zokwelapha, okuhlanganisa njengemithi elungiselelwe kanye nemisebenzi ehlasela kancane. Ukuze kwandiswe ukwelashwa nokusinda komdlavuza we-colorectal, ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kusabalulekile.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye e-USA

E-United States, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye uwuhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza kwabesilisa, futhi intuthuko ekwelashweni iye yathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yesiguli. Isigaba somdlavuza, ulaka lwesimila, ubudala besiguli, nempilo evamile konke kunendima ekunqumeni indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha umdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye e-USA

Ukubhekwa okusebenzayo, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu kwelashwa kuyatholakala kumdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Nakuba ukuhlinzwa (i-radical prostatectomy) kuzama ukususa i-prostate gland kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, ukugada okusebenzayo kuqapha ngokuseduze ukuqhubeka komdlavuza ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokushesha. Imishayo enamandla amakhulu isetshenziswa ekwelapheni ngemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ingalawulwa ngaphakathi (i-brachytherapy) noma ngaphandle (imisebe ye-beam yangaphandle). Inhloso yalezi zindlela zokwelapha ukuqeda noma ukuphatha umdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zomdlavuza wendlala yesinye osewandile noma osethuthuke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa kokuncisha i-Androgen, uhlobo lokwelapha ngamahomoni, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela imiphumela yamahomoni wesilisa kumangqamuzana omdlavuza nokunciphisa ukukhula kwezimila. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa i-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe ukulwa ngokuphumelelayo namaseli omdlavuza.

Ngokuya ngamasu okwelapha athile asetshenziswayo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa, izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye e-USA zingashintsha. I-Medicare ne-Medicaid kanye nokuhlinzekwa komshwalense kunganciphisa okunye ukucindezeleka kwezezimali ezigulini. Kukhona nezinhlelo zosizo lwezezimali kanye namaqembu okusekela anikeza iziguli nemindeni yazo ulwazi nezinkonzo.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile, njengokuhlolwa kwe-PSA nokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal, kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa. Ukwenza izinqumo ezifundisiwe, amadoda kufanele akhulume nabahlinzeki bawo bezempilo mayelana nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nokubi kokuhlolwa.

Sengiphetha, izinhlobonhlobo zezinye izindlela eziqondene ngqo nezidingo zesiguli ngasinye ziyatholakala ukuze zelashwe umdlavuza wendlala yesinye e-USA. Kwabesilisa abanomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, ukuthuthuka ekuhlinzeni, ekwelapheni ngemisebe, ekwelapheni ngamahomoni, ngekhemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu imiphumela. Ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuphelele kanye nezinsizakalo zokweseka kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukwelashwa nokusinda komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, njengoba kutholakala kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane ngezindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza e-USA, i-visa yezokwelapha, kanye nenqubo ephelele sicela uthumele isifinyezo sezokwelapha, imibiko yakamuva yegazi, umbiko we-PET scan, umbiko we-biopsy kanye neminye imibiko edingekayo ku- info@cancerfax.com. Ungakwazi futhi shayela noma WhatsApp +91 96 1588 1588.

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