Ukwelashwa kwe-Stem Cell
Indlela yokuguquguquka ekwelapheni izimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha.
Funda kabanzi ngale nketho yokwelapha eyinguquko.
Ukwelashwa kweselula inesithembiso esikhulu ekwelashweni, njengoba isebenzisa izici eziyingqayizivele zamaseli ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaseli e-stem abalulekile ekwelashweni okuzivuselelayo ngoba anamandla okuzivuselela unomphela futhi agxile ezinhlotsheni zamaseli ahlukahlukene. Intuthuko yakamuva ibonise impumelelo enkulu ekusebenziseni ama-stem cell ukwelapha izifo ezinjenge-Alzheimer's, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, izinkinga zamehlo nesifo sikashukela. Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kunamandla okusiza ngokuvuselelwa kwezicubu, ukutholwa kwemithi, kanye ne-immunotherapy. Amandla okwelapha ama-stem cells asukela ekhonweni lawo lokulungisa amangqamuzana alimele, afanekisele izifo ocwaningweni, futhi alungise nokungajwayelekile kofuzo. Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kuyisu eliyisisekelo elinemiphumela efinyelela kude yesayensi yezokwelapha.
NgoMashi, i-2024: Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell, isihloko esiphambili emithini yokuvuselela kabusha, kunamandla amakhulu okwelapha izifo eziningi nezifo. Ama-stem cells angamaseli angahlukanisiwe angakhula futhi ande unomphela. Umlando wama-stem cell uhlehlela emuva maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ngentuthuko enkulu ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, okwaholela ekufakelweni kokuqala komnkantsha okuyimpumelelo ngo-1958 ngudokotela we-oncologist waseFrance uGeorges Mathé.
Ukuqonda ama-Stem Cell
Ama-stem cells ahlukaniswa kabanzi njengama-embryonic stem cell kanye nama-stem cells amadala. Nakuba ama-embryonic stem cells athole ukunakwa amandla awo, ama-stem cells amadala, njengama-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) atholakala kumnkantsha wamathambo kanye nezicubu ze-adipose, asebenza ngendlela engokoqobo emtholampilo. Lawa maseli abalulekile ekuvuseleleni nasekulungiseni izicubu.
Izicelo Zemitholampilo
Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kubonise isithembiso emikhakheni eyahlukene yezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nezifundo zamanje zokwelashwa komdlavuza kanye nemithi evuselelayo. Izicelo zamanje zomtholampilo zihlanganisa ukufakelwa komnkantsha, okubonise ukusebenza kahle ekwelapheni izifo ezithile. Nokho, izinkinga ezinjengokutholakala kwezimpahla ezimisiwe kanye nolwazi lwezinqubo zokwenza ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha ziyaqhubeka.
Iziqondiso Future
Umkhakha wemithi yokuvuselela kabusha ukhula ngokushesha, ngokugcizelela ekunqobeni izithiyo ezifana nemiphumela ye-teratogenic, ukusabela kwe-immunological, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kwe-stem cell. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu umsebenzi we-stem cell ngemva kokufakelwa kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo ngaphakathi komzimba.
Ukufingqa, i-stem cell therapy iyindlela entsha yokunakekelwa kwezempilo enesithembiso sokwelapha izifo eziningi. Nakuba inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kubonakale ngokugcwele amandla ama-stem cells ekwelapheni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-stem cell?
Amaseli e-stem ayisethi ehlukahlukene yamaseli anezici ezihlukile nemisebenzi enamandla amakhulu ocwaningo lwezokwelapha nokwelashwa. Nazi izinhlobo eziningana zama-stem cell:
1. Amaseli we-Totipotent Stem: - Amaseli we-Totipotent stem angathuthuka abe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli oludingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwento ephilayo.
Lawa maseli akhona kuphela ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwe-embryonic.
2. Amaseli we-Pluripotent stem ingahlukana ibe yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaseli ngaphandle kwalawo adingekayo ekukhuleni kombungu.
Izinhlobo ezingaphansi:
Amaseli E-Embryonic Stem (ESCs): Atholakala kuma-blastocysts futhi anamandla okudala wonke amaseli omzimba.
I-pluripotent stem cell (i-iPSCs) eyenziwe: Amaseli abantu abadala ahlelwe kabusha ngokofuzo ukuze abe nezakhiwo ezifana ne-ESC.
3. Amaseli e-Multipotent Stem: Ingathuthuka ibe izinhlobo ezithile zamaseli kuphela ohlwini lozalo.
Kufaka phakathi amaseli e-mesenchymal, neuronal, kanye ne-hematopoietic stem.
4. Amaseli we-Oligopotent Stem: Lawa maseli angakwazi ukuhlukana abe izinhlobo eziningana zamaseli ahlobene, okuhlanganisa i-lymphoid ne-myeloid stem cell, akhula abe amangqamuzana egazi athile.
5. Unipotent Stem Cells: Amaseli we-stem anamandla anomkhawulo wokuhlukanisa futhi akhiqize uhlobo lweseli olulodwa kuphela.
Amaseli we-Muscle stem ezikhula zibe amangqamuzana emisipha kuphela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-stem cell kuhlale kushintsha, kukhombisa ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokutholwayo kulesi sihloko. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-stem cell lunezici ezihlukile nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kanye nokwelapha, luvula indlela yokwelashwa kwenoveli kanye nemithi evuselelayo.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-Cell eChina
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaseli e-embryonic kanye nama-stem cells?
Amangqamuzana e-stem abalulekile emithini yokuvuselela nokucwaninga ngenxa yezici zawo eziyingqayizivele namandla awo. Nawu umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaseli e-embryonic namaseli amadala:
1. Amaseli E-Embryogenic Stem:
- Umsuka: Itholakala ngesikhathi sokukhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi esigabeni se-blastocyst.
- Amandla: i-pluripotent, ekwazi ukuhlukanisa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli.
- Indawo: Itholakala ku-blastocyst.
- Izicelo: Zibalulekile ekukhuleni kombungu futhi zinamandla okuhlukanisa cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli.
2) Amaseli Esiqu Sabantu Abadala:
– Umsuka: Kutholwe ezithweni nasezicutshini zabantu abadala esezikhule ngokugcwele.
- Amandla: Amandla amaningi, akwazi ukuhlukanisa abe izinhlobo zamaseli ahlobene eduze ohlwini lozalo olunikeziwe.
- Ukusabalalisa: Kutholakala kumnkantsha wamathambo, ubuchopho, igazi, isibindi, isikhumba, imisipha yamathambo kanye nezicubu ze-adipose.
- Izicelo: Dlala umsebenzi obalulekile ekuvuseleleni nasekulungiseni izicubu; isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezifana ne-sickle cell anemia kanye nomdlavuza.
Umehluko Obalulekile:
- Amandla: Amaseli e-Embryonic stem ane-pluripotent, kodwa ama-stem cells amadala anamandla amaningi.
- Umsuka: Amaseli e-Embryonic stem akhona esigabeni sokuqala se-blastocyst, kanti ama-stem cells amadala atholakala ezicutshini ezihlukene kubantu abakhule ngokugcwele.
- Izicelo: Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zingavuselela futhi zihlukanise zibe amaseli amasha, amaseli e-embryonic stem awusizo kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bawo. Amaseli e-stem amadala athandwa kakhulu ekwelashweni ngenxa yokuphepha kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kalula.
Ukufingqa, ama-stem cell e-embryonic kanye nabadala anamandla ahlukene, imvelaphi, kanye nezicelo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kubalulekile ekwandiseni amandla ama-stem cells ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: I-Stem cell therapy yesifo sikashukela
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-embryonic stem cells ngaphezu kwama-stem cells amadala?
Amaseli e-Embryonic stem kanye nama-stem cells amadala anezinzuzo ezihlukene kanye nokubi emkhakheni wezokwelapha ezivuselelayo kanye nocwaningo. Okulandelayo yizinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-embryonic stem cell ngokumelene nama-stem cells amadala:
1. I-Pluripotency: – Embryonic Stem Cells Lawa maseli ane-pluripotent, okusho ukuthi anamandla okuhlukanisa abe yinoma yiliphi iseli emzimbeni. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ocwaningweni nasekwelashweni kunama-stem cells amadala, avame ukuba namandla amaningi.
2. Amandla Wokusabalala kuma-Embryonic Stem Cells: Anamandla amakhulu okuzivuselela kanye nokwanda kunama-stem cells amadala, okuwenza abe usizo ekuhlanganiseni okukhulu kwamaseli athile adingekayo ukuze kutshalwe kabusha noma ucwaningo.
3. Amandla Okuthuthukisa: Lawa maseli, aqala esigabeni sokuqala se-blastocyst, anekhono eliyingqayizivele lokufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezicubu nezitho eziningi, anikeze indlela ebanzi yokuvuselelwa nokulungiswa kwezicubu.
4. Izicelo Zocwaningo: Amaseli e-Embryonic stem asetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo nasekuthuthukisweni kwezidakamizwa ngenxa yobuningi bawo namandla okumela izifo ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kunikeza imininingwane mayelana nezinqubo zezifo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona.
5. Umuthi Wokuvuselela: Ama-Embryonic Stem Cells anamandla okwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ngokushintsha izicubu ezilimele ngamaseli anempilo, akhethekile akhiwe kusukela kumaseli e-pluripotent embryonic stem.
Ukufingqa, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amangqamuzana e-embryonic stem zihlanganisa i-pluripotency yawo, umthamo wokwanda, amandla okuthuthuka, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ocwaningweni nakwezokwelapha ezivuselelayo. Nakuba kunokukhathazeka nezithiyo zokuziphatha, ukuxhaphaza izici eziyingqayizivele zamangqamuzana e-embryonic stem kunamandla okuguqula kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nokwelashwa kwezifo.
Yiziphi izinto ezingase zisetshenziswe ama-stem cell amadala?
Izicelo ezingase zibe khona zamaseli esiqu sabadala
Amaseli e-stem asebekhulile, aziwa nangokuthi ama-somatic stem cell, ahlinzeka ngezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha imithi yokuvuselela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo. Amaseli ama-stem amadala analezi zicelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu: Amaseli e-stem asebekhulile adlala umsebenzi obalulekile ekuvuseleleni nasekulungiseni izicubu. Angakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni samaseli alimele noma acekeleke phansi ezinhlobonhlobo zezicubu, okuhlanganisa igazi, isikhumba, amathambo, uqwanga, nemisipha yenhliziyo.
2. Izifo ze-Degenerative: Amaseli e-stem amadala abonisa amandla ekwelapheni isifo sikashukela, izifo zenhliziyo, i-Parkinson, i-Alzheimer's, nezinye izifo ze-neurodegenerative. Lawa maseli anamandla okushintsha ama-neurons alimele ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, anikeze isithembiso sokwelashwa.
3. I-Angiogenesis yokwelapha: Imithi yokwelapha ye-stem cell yabadala inamandla okuvuselela i-angiogenesis yokwelapha, noma ukuthuthukiswa kwemithambo yegazi emisha. Le ndlela ibalulekile ezimweni lapho ukwanda kwegazi kuyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe izicubu nokuvuselelwa kabusha.
4. Ukulungisa izitho: Iyaqhubeka imizamo yokunxenxa ama-stem cells amadala ukuthi akhiqize kabusha amaseli alahlekile ezicutshini ezilimele. Ngokusebenzisa inhlangano yamanje yezicubu namakhemikhali, lawa maseli angaholwa ekuvuseleleni izinhlobo zamangqamuzana adingekayo, okungenzeka asize ekulungiseni izitho nokubuyiselwa komsebenzi.
5. Ukulungisa Imisipha Yenhliziyo: Amaseli we-stem amadala akhombisa amandla okwakha kabusha imisipha yenhliziyo kulandela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Intuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nenhliziyo ingenziwa ngokuvula la maseli ukuze akhe kabusha izicubu zenhliziyo.
Kafushane, amangqamuzana e-stem amadala anezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokuvuselela, okuhlanganisa ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu, ukwelashwa kwezifo eziwohlokayo, nokulungiswa kwezitho. Amandla abo okwelapha abonisa isithembiso sokwelapha izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yesiguli.
Ungahle uthande ukufunda: Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-Cell ye-myeloma eminingi e-China
Yiziphi izifo ezingelashwa nge-stem cell therapy?
I-Stem Cell Therapy Yezindawo Ezihlukene Zezifo
Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kuye kwavela njengesu elisebenzayo emithini yokuvuselela, elinamandla okwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa izici eziyingqayizivele zama-stem cell. Nali uhlaka lwezindawo zokugula lapho i-stem cell therapy ingasetshenziswa khona.
Izinkinga ze-Neurodegenerative:
Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kunamandla okwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurodegenerative njenge-Alzheimer's ngokwakha kabusha amangqamuzana obuchopho nezicubu ezilimele.
Izifo ze-musculoskeletal:
Izimo ezifana ne-osteoarthritis zingazuza ekwelashweni kwe-stem cell, okusebenzisa ama-stem cells ukubuyisela uqwanga nokuphulukisa izicubu ezilimele.
Izifo zenhliziyo:
Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kuye kwaphenywa ukuze kwelashwe i-myocardial infarction (ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo) ngokuvuselela ukuvuselelwa kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
Ukuphazamiseka kwamaseli egazi:
Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, ikakhulukazi ama-stem cells, kuyindlela yokwelapha esungulwe kahle yezifo ezihlukahlukene zegazi, okuhlanganisa i-leukemia kanye nokushoda kwe-immunological.
Ukulimala komgogodla:
Ucwaningo lwe-stem cell okwamanje lwenziwa ezimweni zokulimala komgogodla ukuze kube namandla okubuyisela ukusebenza nokulungisa izicubu ezilimele.
Ukufakwa kwesikhumba ngenxa yokusha okukhulu:
Amangqamuzana esikhumba esikhumba asetshenziswa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980s ukwakha izixhumi zesikhumba ezigulini ezishile kanzima, okubonisa olunye futhi ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwe-stem cell.
Ukulungisa umonakalo weCorneal:
Ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamehlo kwe-stem cell therapy kubonakala ekugunyazweni okunemibandela kokuthengisa kokwelapha okusekelwe ku-stem cell ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo wamakhone ezingozini njengokusha kwamakhemikhali.
Isifo sikashukela i-mellitus: Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kungaba yindlela yokwelapha enhle kakhulu yokwelapha isifo sikashukela. Funda kabanzi mayelana no i-stem cell therapy ukwelapha isifo sikashukela.
Okokugcina, ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kunamandla amakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezifo, okunikeza ithemba ezigulini ngokwakha kabusha izicubu ezilimele, ukubuyisela ukusebenza kahle, nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yazo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe, izivivinyo zomtholampilo, kanye nokugunyazwa ngokomthetho kuyadingeka ukuze kunqunywe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwale mithi ngaphambi kokutholwa okubanzi.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwe-stem cell?
Ukwelashwa kwe-stem cell kungaba nemiphumela engemihle ehlukahlukene, eyesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside. Ukukhathala, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukugodola, isicanucanu, nomkhuhlane wezinga eliphansi ngezinye zemiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yesikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelapha nge-stem cell kungabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína, njengokukwazi kwamaseli ukuhamba esuka ezindaweni ezitshaliwe futhi aguqule abe izinhlobo zamaseli ezingafanele noma aphindaphindeke, ukwehluleka kwamaseli ukusebenza njengoba kwakuhleliwe, nokwakheka kwesimila. Ukwengeza, ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell noma umnkantsha wethambo kungabangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, amajaqamba esiswini, isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, i-jaundice, ubuhlungu bomlomo nomphimbo, i-mucositis, ngisho nezifo zesibili. Abantu abacabangela ukwelapha nge-stem cell kufanele bazi ngalezi zingozi ezingaba khona futhi bafune ukwelashwa ezikhungweni ezihlonishwayo eziye zacutshungulwa kahle kanye nokuhlolwa komtholampilo.