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umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho?

 

Uyini umdlavuza wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wenzeka lapho amaseli eshintsha emlonyeni wesibeletho sowesifazane, oxhumanisa isibeletho sakhe nesitho sakhe sangasese. Lo mdlavuza ungathinta izicubu ezijulile zomlomo wesibeletho sakhe futhi ungadlulela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakhe (metastasize), imvamisa amaphaphu, isibindi, isinye, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye ne-rectum.

Izimo eziningi zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV), evikeleka ngomuthi wokugoma.

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ukhula kancane, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nesikhathi sokuwuthola kanye nokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba kudale izinkinga ezinkulu. Ibulala abesifazane abambalwa nabambalwa unyaka nonyaka, ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuthuthukile ngokuhlolwa kwePap.

Abesifazane abaneminyaka engama-35 kuya kwengama-44 ubudala kungenzeka ukuthi bayithole. Ngaphezu kwe-15% yamacala amasha angabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka yobudala engama-65, noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi labo abangakatholi ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uhlobo lomdlavuza oqala emlonyeni wesibeletho. Umlomo wesibeletho uyisilinda esiyize esixhumanisa ingxenye engezansi yesibeletho sowesifazane nesitho sakhe sangasese. Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqala kumaseli ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho.

Umlomo wesibeletho wenziwe izingxenye ezimbili futhi umbozwe izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli.

  • The i-endocervix ukuvuleka komlomo wesibeletho okuholela esibelethweni. Imbozwe nge okuyindlala amaseli.
  • The i-exocervix (noma i-ectocervix) yingxenye engaphandle yomlomo wesibeletho engabonwa udokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-speculum. Ihlanganiswe ngaphakathi i-squamous amaseli.

Indawo lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli zihlangana khona emlomo wesibeletho ibizwa nge- indawo yenguquko. Indawo eqondile yendawo yezinguquko iyashintsha njengoba ukhula futhi uma ubeletha. Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqala kumaseli asendaweni yezinguquko.

Umdlavuza wangaphambi komlomo wesibeletho

Amaseli asendaweni yezinguquko awashintshi ngokuzumayo abe ngumdlavuza. Esikhundleni salokho, amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho aqala kancane kancane athuthukise izinguquko ezingajwayelekile ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-pre-cancer. Odokotela basebenzisa amagama amaningi ukuchaza lezi zinguquko zangaphambi komdlavuza, kufaka phakathi i-neoplasia yomlomo wesibeletho (CIN), isilonda se-squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), Futhi umabhebhana.

Lapho ama-pre-cancer ehlolwa elebhu, abekwa esikalini sika-1 kuye ku-3 ngokuya ngokuthi izicubu zomlomo wesibeletho zibukeka kanjani zingavamile.

  • Ku-CIN1 (ebizwa nangokuthi i-dysplasia emnene noma ibanga eliphansi le-SIL), azikho izicubu eziningi ezibukeka zingavamile, futhi kubhekwa njengomdlavuza wangaphambi komdlavuza wesibeletho ongathi sína.
  • Ku-CIN2 noma i-CIN3 (ebizwa nangokuthi i-dysplasia emaphakathi / eqinile noma i-SIL esezingeni eliphakeme) izicubu eziningi zibukeka zingavamile; ibanga eliphakeme le-SIL yiyona pre-cancer ebaluleke kakhulu.

Yize umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqala kusuka kumaseli anezinguquko zangaphambi komdlavuza (pre-cancer), kuphela abanye besifazane abanomdlavuza wangaphambi komdlavuza wesibeletho abazoba nomdlavuza. Kwabesifazane abaningi, amaseli wangaphambi komdlavuza azohamba ngaphandle kokwelapha. Kepha, kwabanye besifazane abangaphambi komdlavuza baphenduka umdlavuza weqiniso (ongenayo). Ukwelapha umdlavuza wangaphambi komdlavuza wesibeletho kungavimbela cishe wonke umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Izinguquko zangaphambi komdlavuza zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwePap futhi zilashwe ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli. Bheka Ngabe Umdlavuza Wesibeletho Ungavinjelwa? Izinguquko zangaphambi komdlavuza ezitholakala ekuhlolweni kwePap yakho kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zokwelashwa kwamagciwane angaphambi komdlavuza kuxoxwa ngazo kuPap Test and Work-up of Abnormal Pap Test Results.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibeletho

Imidlavuza yomlomo wesibeletho kanye nemishanguzo yangaphambi komdlavuza yomlomo wesibeletho ihlukaniswa ngendlela ebukeka ngayo kumalebhu ngesibonakhulu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho yilezi i-squamous cell carcinoma futhi i-adenocarcinoma.

  • Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho (kufika ku-9 kwayi-10) ama-squamous cell carcinomas. Lawa mdlavuza akhula kusuka kumaseli we-exocervix. I-squamous cell carcinomas ivame ukuqala endaweni yenguquko (lapho i-exocervix ijoyina i-endocervix).
  • Iningi lomunye umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho i-adenocarcinoma. I-Adenocarcinomas yimidlavuza ephuma kumaseli wezindlala. I-adenocarcinoma yomlomo wesibeletho ivela kumaseli endlala akhiqiza amafinyila we-endocervix.
  • Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho unezici zombili ze-squamous cell carcinomas kanye ne-adenocarcinomas. Lokhu kuyabizwa i-adenosquamous carcinomas or i-carcinomas exubile.

Yize cishe wonke umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungama-squamous cell carcinomas noma i-adenocarcinomas, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nazo zingakhula emgodini wesibeletho. Lezi ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-melanoma, i-sarcoma, ne-lymphoma, zenzeka kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ziyini izingcuphe zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Cishe wonke umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ubangelwa yi-human papillomavirus (HPV), igciwane elivamile elingadluliselwa lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye ngesikhathi socansi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-HPV. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingadala ushintsho emlomo wesibeletho sowesifazane ongaholela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingadala izinsumpa zangasese noma zesikhumba.

I-HPV yande kakhulu kangangokuba abantu abaningi bayithola ngesikhathi esithile ezimpilweni zabo. I-HPV imvamisa ayibangeli zimpawu ngakho ngeke usho ukuthi unayo. Kwabesifazane abaningi, i-HPV izohamba yodwa; kodwa-ke, uma kungenjalo, kunethuba lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungadala umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ezinye izinto zingakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho—

  • Ukuba ne-HIV (igciwane elibanga i-AIDS) noma esinye isimo esenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nezinkinga zempilo.
  • Ukubhema.
  • Usebenzisa amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo isikhathi eside (iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu).
  • Ngemuva kokubeletha izingane ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
  • Ukuba nabalingani bezocansi abaningana.

Ngabe yini imbangela yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqala lapho amaseli anempilo emlomo wesibeletho eba nezinguquko (ukuguquka komzimba) kwi-DNA yawo. I-DNA yeseli iqukethe imiyalo etshela iseli ukuthi lenzeni.

Amaseli aphilile akhula futhi ande ngezinga elibekiwe, ekugcineni afe ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Izinguquko zitshela ukuthi amangqamuzana akhule futhi ande angalawuleki, futhi awafi. Amaseli angajwayelekile abuthana akha isisu (isimila). Amaseli womdlavuza ahlasela izicubu eziseduze futhi angaqhamuka esihlahleni ukuze asabalale (metastasize) kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Akukacaci ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kodwa kuqinisekile ukuthi i-HPV idlala indima. I-HPV ivame kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi abanegciwane abalokothi babe nomdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ezinye izici - njengendawo okuyo noma indlela ophila ngayo - nakho kunquma ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyelapheka kakhulu uma uwuthola kusenesikhathi. Izindlela zokwelapha ezine eziyinhloko yilezi:

  • ukuhlinzwa
  • ukwelashwa kwemisebe
  • imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
  • ukwelashwa okubhekiswe

Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyahlanganiswa ukuzenza ziphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa

Inhloso yokuhlinzwa ukukhipha umdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela angasusa nje indawo yomlomo wesibeletho equkethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngomdlavuza osakazeke kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungabandakanya ukususa umlomo wesibeletho nezinye izitho ezithangeni.

Ukwelashwa kwamafutha

Imisebe ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imishayo ye-X-ray enamandla amakhulu. Ingalethwa ngomshini ongaphandle komzimba. Ingalethwa futhi ngaphakathi komzimba usebenzisa ishubhu lensimbi elibekwe esibelethweni noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Odokotela banikeza lokhu kwelashwa ngemijikelezo. Uzothola i-chemo isikhathi esithile. Uzobe usumisa ukwelashwa ukunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama.

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin) yisidakamizwa esisha esisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunokhemotherapy kanye nemisebe. Kuvimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha esiza umdlavuza ukuba ukhule futhi uphile. Lesi sidakamizwa sivame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.

Uma udokotela wakho ethola amangqamuzana angaphambi komlomo wesibeletho sakho angalashwa. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezivimba la maseli ukuthi angaguquki abe ngumdlavuza.

Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Ngemuva kokuthi utholwe, udokotela wakho uzonikeza umdlavuza wakho isigaba. Isiteji sitshela ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ususabalale kangakanani. Ukubeka umdlavuza wakho kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akuthole ukwelashwa okufanele. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho unezigaba ezine:

  • Isiteji 1: Umdlavuza mncane. Kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node. Akusakazekanga kwezinye izitho zomzimba wakho.
  • Isiteji 2: Umdlavuza mkhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi usakaze ngaphandle kwesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho noma kuma-lymph node. Akukafiki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
  • Isiteji 3: Umdlavuza udlulele engxenyeni engezansi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma esifubeni. Kungenzeka kuvimbe ama-ureters, amashubhu athwala umchamo kusuka ezinso aye esinyeni. Akusakazekanga kwezinye izitho zomzimba wakho.
  • Isiteji 4: Umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalale ngaphandle kwesikhumba waya ezithweni ezinjengamaphaphu akho, amathambo, noma isibindi.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesibeletho

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kungasiza ukuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho namaseli angaphambi kwesikhathi angavela ngelinye ilanga abe ngumdlavuza wesibeletho. Imihlahlandlela eminingi iphakamisa ukuqala kokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezinguquko ezingaphambi kweminyaka engu-21.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kufaka:

  • Ukuhlolwa kwePap. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Pap, udokotela wakho ukhuhla futhi abhulashe amaseli emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho, abe esehlolwa elebhu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungathola amaseli angavamile emlonyeni wesibeletho, okuhlanganisa amaseli omdlavuza namaseli abonisa izinguquko ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
  • HPVDNA ukuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV DNA kubandakanya ukuhlola amaseli aqoqwe emlonyeni wesibeletho ukuthi angenwe yini yinoma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-HPV okungenzeka ziholele kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezinketho zakho zokuhlola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Uma kusolwa umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, udokotela wakho kungenzeka aqale ngokuhlola kahle umlomo wesibeletho sakho. Ithuluzi elikhethekile lokukhulisa (i-colposcope) lisetshenziselwa ukubheka amaseli angajwayelekile.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-colposcopic, udokotela wakho kungenzeka athathe isampula lamangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho (i-biopsy) ekuhloleni i-laboratory. Ukuthola izicubu, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa:

  • I-Punch biopsy, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali lokuncinza amasampula amancane wezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho.
  • Ukwelashwa kokuphela komlomo wesibeletho, esebenzisa ithuluzi elincane, elimise okwe-spoon (i-curet) noma ibhulashi elincanyana ukukhuhla isampula lezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho.

Uma i-punch biopsy noma i-endocervical curettage ikhathaza, udokotela wakho angenza okunye kokuhlolwa okulandelayo:

  • Intambo kagesi, esebenzisa ucingo oluncane, olunamandla kagesi amancane ukuthola isampula lesicubu esincane. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ehhovisi.
  • Isigaxa se-biopsy (conization), okuyinqubo evumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole izingqimba ezijulile zamaseli omlomo wesibeletho ukuze kuhlolwe elebhu. I-biopsy yesigaxa ingenziwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho

Ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho:

  • Buza udokotela wakho mayelana ne- HPV kugonywe. Ukuthola umjovo wokuvikela ukutheleleka nge-HPV kunganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye neminye imidlavuza ehlobene ne-HPV. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ingabe umuthi wokugomela i-HPV ukulungele yini.
  • Yiba nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwePap. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungathola izimo ezinesibindi zomlomo wesibeletho, ngakho-ke zingabhekwa noma zelashwe ukuze kuvikelwe umdlavuza wesibeletho. Iningi lezinhlangano zezokwelapha ziphakamisa ukuqala kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-Pap lapho uneminyaka engama-21 bese kuziphindaphinda njalo eminyakeni embalwa.
  • Zijwayeze ukwenza ucansi oluphephile. Nciphisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, njengokusebenzisa ikhondomu njalo uma uya ocansini nokunciphisa inani labalingani ocansini onabo.
  • Ungabhemi. Uma ungabhemi, ungaqali. Uma ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngamasu wokukusiza uyeke.
Ngemininingwane yokwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho nombono wesibili, sishayele ku- + 96 1588 1588 noma ubhalele ku-info@cancerfax.com.
  • Amazwana Avaliwe
  • Julayi 28th, i-2020

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