Isingeniso
I-Immunotherapy isiphenduke indlela eyisisekelo ekwelapheni umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa komdlavuza okusezingeni eliphezulu ezibonise ukusebenza kahle okuncane ngemithi ejwayelekile. Le ndlela entsha isebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukuze ibone futhi iqede amangqamuzana omdlavuza, inikeze ithemba elivuselelwe kanye nemiphumela emihle kubantu ababhekene nokuxilonga okunzima. Njengoba ososayensi behlola ubunkimbinkimbi bomdlavuza kanye nendlela amasosha omzimba asabela ngayo, amathuba okuba immunotherapy ziyakhula, ziguqula insimu yokwelapha umdlavuza.
Ukuqonda Immunotherapy
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwe-immunotherapy kumathumba asesiteji esithuthukile, kubalulekile ukuqonda okucacile kwezimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Amasosha omzimba ayindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba, ehlanganisa inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamaseli, izicubu, nezitho ezisebenzisana ukuze zibone futhi ziqede abahlaseli bangaphandle, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye namaseli omdlavuza.
Noma kunjalo, umdlavuza uveza isithiyo esihlukile nesinzima. Amaseli omdlavuza babe nekhono lokugwema ukutholwa amasosha omzimba noma ukucindezela ukusabela kwawo, okubenza baphindaphindeke futhi basakaze ngaphandle kwemingcele. I-Immunotherapy ifuna ukulwa nalawa maqhinga okugwema ngokuvuselela noma ukukhulisa impendulo yomzimba yokulwa ne-immunological ukulwa. umdlavuza.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-immunotherapy.
I-Immunotherapy ihilela uchungechunge lwezindlela ezigxile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zokusabela kwamasosha omzimba kumdlavuza. Izinhlobo eziningi ezivame kakhulu ze-immunotherapy zihlanganisa:
Ama-Checkpoint Inhibitors: Ama-Checkpoint inhibitors athuthukiswa ngokukhethekile ukuze enze amasosha omzimba asebenze ngokuvimba amaprotheni acindezela izimpendulo ze-immunological. I-Pembrolizumab ne-nivolumab yizidakamizwa eziqondise ngokuqondile amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi i-PD-1 noma i-PD-L1. Lawa maprotheni asetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze agweme ukutholwa amasosha omzimba.
I-CAR-T Cell Therapy: Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-CAR-T kuyinqubo yezokwelapha eshintsha ama-T-cell esiguli ngokofuzo ukuze akwazi ukuhlonza futhi aqondise amangqamuzana omdlavuza athile. Kamuva, lawa maseli ashintshiwe aphinde afakwe emzimbeni wesiguli ukuze aqalise ukuhlasela okugxile kumdlavuza.
Amasosha omzimba angama-monoclonal ama-molecule okwenziwa adalwe elabhorethri anamandla okunamathisela ngokukhetha amaprotheni athile atholakala kumaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu okunamathiselwe kuphawula amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze aqedwe amasosha omzimba.
Ukudluliswa Kweseli Okutholwayo kuyindlela ehlanganisa ukukhipha amangqamuzana omzimba esigulini, ukuwashintsha ukuze athuthukise amandla awo okuhlonza nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngemva kwalokho aphinde awabuyisele emzimbeni wesiguli.
I-Immunotherapy yomdlavuza wesigaba esiphezulu
Izifo eziyingozi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziletha izithiyo ezinkulu ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezinolaka kanye nokuthambekela kokusabalala ezithweni ezikude nge-metastasis. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwelapha okuvamile okunjengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungase kube nokusebenza okuncane futhi kuvame ukuphumela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. I-Immunotherapy inikeza inketho enethemba njengenye indlela noma indlela eyengeziwe yalaba bantu.
Inzuzo ebalulekile ye-immunotherapy amandla ayo okuthola izimpendulo ezihlala njalo, lapho iziguli ezithile zithola ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo ngisho nangemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuyathembisa ikakhulukazi kulabo abanezifo ezimbi ezithuthukile okungenzeka ukuthi sebezame zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo.
Okufeziwe kanye Nezifundo Zocwaningo Lwezempilo
I-Immunotherapy ibonise ukusebenza kahle okukhethekile ekwelapheni izifo eziningana eziyingozi ezifika sekwephuzile. I-Immunotherapy ithuthukise kakhulu amazinga okusinda kubantu abaningi abane-metastatic melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba olwaluyingozi ngaphambili. Intuthuko eqhathaniswayo iye yaphawulwa ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wezinso, kanye IHodgkin lymphoma.
yamanje izivivinyo zokwelashwa baphenya ngenkuthalo amathuba e-immunotherapy ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza. Lezi zifundo zihlola ukusebenza kwe-immunotherapies yamanje futhi zihlola izindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa izimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba futhi zinqobe izindlela zokumelana.
Izithiyo Namathemba Ekusasa
Nakuba i-immunotherapy yethule inkathi entsha yokwelashwa komdlavuza, kusenezithiyo okufanele zinqotshwe. I-Immunotherapy ayisebenzi kuso sonke isiguli, futhi abantu abathile bangase bahlangabezane nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ehlobene namasosha abo omzimba. Ososayensi njengamanje bamatasatasa emizamweni yokuthola ama-biomarker angabikezela ngokunembile iziguli okungenzeka kakhulu zithole imiphumela emihle evela ku-immunotherapy. Ukwengeza, bakha izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphepha kwalokhu kwelashwa.
Umbono we-immunotherapy ezigabeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu uyancomeka. Imithi yokwelapha eyinhlanganisela, efana nenhlanganisela ye-immunotherapy nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe noma i-chemotherapy, ibonisa imiphumela ehambisanayo kanye nokusebenza okubanzi ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza.
Isifinyezo
I-Immunotherapy isho ushintsho oluyisisekelo endleleni yethu yokwelapha izifo eziyingozi ezisesiteji. Ngokusebenzisa amandla amasosha omzimba, sithola amathuba amasha kubantu ababhekana nezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Naphezu kokuba khona kobunzima, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yomtholampilo iqhubezela ngokuqhubekayo imingcele ye-immunotherapy, inikeza ithemba elivuselelwe kanye nethemba empini yokulwa nomdlavuza.
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ukufakwa kwe-immunotherapy ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile zokwelapha umdlavuza kulindeleke ukuthi kwande, kuguqule ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokwelapha futhi kuthuthukise imiphumela yabantu abanamathumba asekugcineni. Njengoba sibuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi bokusebenzelana komdlavuza namasosha omzimba, i-immunotherapy ibekwe endaweni yokuba isici esibalulekile se-oncology yesimanje, iguqule izimpilo futhi iholele endleleni eya ekwelashweni komdlavuza komuntu ngamunye nangempumelelo.
