I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoblastic

Iyini i-acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

I-acute lymphocytic leukemia ubizwa nangokuthi I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE). “Acute” kusho ukuthi i-leukemia ingakhula ngokushesha, futhi ingase ibe yingozi phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa uma ingelashwa. “I-Lymphocytic” ichaza ukuthi ikhiqiza uhlobo lwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe kusukela ezinhlotsheni zakuqala (ezingakavuthwa) zama-lymphocyte.

Emongweni wamathambo, KONKE kuyaqala (ingxenye engaphakathi ethambile yamathambo athile, lapho kwakhiwa khona amangqamuzana egazi amasha). Ngokuvamile, igazi lingenwa ngokushesha kakhulu ngamangqamuzana e-leukemia. Angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njalo, okuhlanganisa ama-lymph nodes, isibindi, ubende, ubuchopho nomgogodla, isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, namasende (kwabesilisa). Kulezi zitho, eminye imidlavuza ingaqala bese idlulela emnkantsheni, kodwa le midlavuza ayiwona i-leukemia.

Uhlobo lwe umdlavuza wegazi nomnkantsha, izicubu eziyisipontshi ngaphakathi emathanjeni lapho amangqamuzana egazi akheka khona, i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE).

Ku-acute lymphocytic leukemia, igama elithi “acute” livela eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sifo sithuthuka ngokushesha futhi sikhiqize amangqamuzana egazi angavuthiwe esikhundleni salawo avuthiwe. Ku-acute lymphocytic leukemia, igama elithi "lymphocytic" libhekisela kumangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte athintekayo Yonke into. I-acute lymphocytic leukemia ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu ezinganeni i-acute lymphocytic leukemia, futhi izindlela zokwelapha ziphumela ethubeni elinamandla lokwelapha. Kungase futhi kube ne-acute lymphocytic leukemia kubantu abadala, kodwa amathuba okwelapha ancipha kakhulu.

Izimbangela kanye Nezici Zengozi Ye-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Odokotela abaqiniseki ngokuthi yini edala inqwaba yazo ZONKE izigameko. Kodwa ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izinto ezithile zingandisa ubungozi bakho, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuthintana namazinga aphezulu emisebe ukwelapha ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza
• Ukuthintana namakhemikhali afana ne-benzene, into encibilikayo esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihluza uwoyela nakwezinye izimboni futhi etholakala entuthuni kagwayi; kanye neminye imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, okokuhlanza, nezihluthulelo zikapende
• Ukutheleleka nge-T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) noma i-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwase-US.
• Ukuba nesifo sezempilo esihambisana nofuzo lwakho, njenge-Down syndrome
• Ukuba mhlophe
• Ukuba wesilisa

Izimpawu ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia zingabandakanya:

• Ukopha ezinsinini
• Ubuhlungu be-Bone
• Fever
• Izifo ezitholakala njalo
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni njalo noma kanzima
• Izigaxa ezibangelwa ama-lymph nodes avuvuke entanyeni naseduze kwentamo, ngaphansi kwekhwapha, isisu noma i-groin
• Isikhumba esiphezulu
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala noma ukwehla okujwayelekile kwamandla

Izimbangela ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Lapho umnkantsha wengqamuzana ukhiqiza amaphutha ku-DNA yawo, i-acute lymphocytic leukemia iyenzeka. Lapho ingqamuzana enempilo ngokuvamile iyeka ukuhlukana futhi ekugcineni ife, amaphutha atshela ingqamuzana ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula nokuhlukana. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi kuba okungajwayelekile uma lokhu kwenzeka. Umnkantsha ukhiqiza amangqamuzana angavuthiwe aphenduka ama-lymphoblast abizwa ngokuthi ama-leukemic white blood cells. Lawa mangqamuzana angasebenzi kahle awakwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi amangqamuzana anempilo angakhiwa futhi aminyene.

Yini ebangela ukuguqulwa kwe-DNA okungaholela ku-acute lymphocytic leukemia akucaci. Nokho izimo eziningi ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia azilona ifa, odokotela bathole.

Izici zobungozi ze-acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

Okulandelayo yizici ezingase zinyuse ingozi ye-acute lymphocytic leukemia:

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza odlule : Kungase kube nengozi ephakeme yokuthuthukisa i-acute lymphocytic i-leukemia ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abaye baba nezinhlobo ezithile ze-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe yezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ukuzwela kwemisebe : Kukhona ingozi ephakeme yokuthuthukisa i-acute lymphocytic leukemia kubantu abachayeka emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu emisebe, njenge abasindile yengozi ye-nuclear reactor.

Ukuba nokuphazamiseka okuzuzwe njengefa: Ingozi ephakeme ye-acute lymphocytic leukemia ihlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zofuzo, njenge-Down syndrome.

Ukuthola konke umfowethu noma udadewethu: Abantu abane-acute lymphocytic leukemia abanezingane zakwabo, ngisho newele, banethuba elikhulayo lokuthuthukisa Kokubili.

I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosis

Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Bazohlola umzimba ukuze babheke ama-lymph nodes avuvukele, ukopha kanye nemihuzuko, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka.

Uma udokotela wakho esola i-leukemia, angenza ukuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Isibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC) sibonisa ukuthi mangaki ohlotsheni ngalunye lwengqamuzana legazi onalo. I-peripheral blood smear ihlola izinguquko endleleni amaseli akho egazi abukeka ngayo.
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha. Udokotela wakho uzofaka inaliti ethanjeni esifubeni sakho noma okhalweni futhi akhiphe isampula yomnkantsha. Uchwepheshe uzoyibheka ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze athole izimpawu ze-leukemia.
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. Ama-X-ray, ama-CT scan, noma ama-ultrasound angatshela udokotela wakho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini.
• Impompi yomgogodla. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi i-lumbar puncture. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa inaliti ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi ezungeze umgogodla wakho. Uchwepheshe angawubheka ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza usufikile yini ebuchosheni bakho noma emgogodleni.

Udokotela wakho angakwazi futhi ukuqapha izinguquko kuma-chromosome akho egazini lakho noma emnkantsheni wakho, noma ahlole izimpawu zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Okutholakele kuzobafundisa bonke ngohlobo lwe-leukemia onalo futhi kusize ukulungiselela ukunakekelwa kwabo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Ukwelashwa kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezimbili: ukwelashwa kokungeniswa, ukukufaka eshweni, kanye nokwelashwa kwangemva kokuxolelwa.

Ungase ube nezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingaphezu koyedwa. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• I-Chemotherapy. Ungathatha ingxube yezidakamizwa ezibulala noma ezihamba kancane amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngokuvamile phakathi neminyaka embalwa.
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Eminye imithi iqondise izingxenye ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ivame ukuba nemiphumela engemihle embalwa noma emincane kune imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Zihlanganisa i-dasatinib (i-Sprycel), imatinib (Gleevec), i-nilotinib (i-Tasigna), ne-ponatinib (Iclusig).
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza uma efinyelele ebuchosheni noma ethanjeni lakho noma ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe i-stem cell.
• I-Immunotherapy. Le mithi ithuthukisa amasosha omzimba ukuze ibulale noma ibambezele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Zihlanganisa i-blinatumomab (Blincyto) kanye ne-inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa).
• Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell. Ngemuva kwemithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy futhi mhlawumbe nemisebe, uthola ama-stem cells azokhula abe amaseli egazi anempilo. Kungaba ezakho noma zivela kumnikeli. Uma ungakwazi ukuphatha imithamo ephezulu yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali kanye nemisebe, ungase uthole imithamo ephansi “ngokufakelwa okuncane.”

Cishe u-80% kuya ku-90% wabantu abadala bafinyelela ukucolelwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Cishe ku-30% kuya ku-40%, umdlavuza awubuyi. Kodwa abaningi bayabuya, okusho ukuthi isifo siyabuya.

Uzodinga ukwelashwa kwangemuva kokuxolelwa ukuze ugcine umdlavuza ungabuyi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imijikelezo yokwelashwa eminyakeni emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3. Ihlose ukukhipha amangqamuzana e-leukemia emzimbeni wakho.

I-FDA iphinde yagunyaza uhlobo lokwelapha olubizwa ngokuthi Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell. Isebenzisa amanye amaseli akho omzimba omzimba, abizwa ngama-T cell, ukwelapha umdlavuza wakho. Odokotela bakhipha amangqamuzana egazini lakho bese bengeza ufuzo kuwo. Ama-T cell amasha akwazi kangcono ukuthola nokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. I-CAR T Cell therapy eShayina ithole ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yenani le izivivinyo zokwelashwa egijima enqamula izibhedlela ezinkulu.