Există un mare progres în dezvoltarea medicamentelor pentru tumorile cerebrale din copilărie. Tumorile cerebrale ale copiilor sunt o boală malignă mai frecventă la copii. Cercetări recente au descoperit că un nou medicament cocktail poate trata tumorile cerebrale comune din copilărie.
Cancer Cell” magazine recently announced that in the UK, about 400 children develop brain tumori each year, of which the prevalence of boys is slightly higher than that of girls.
Are we able to take advantage of the results of tumor gene testing and tailor-made treatments, a strategy often referred to as personalized medicine? This treatment strategy can produce very good results for patients with brain tumors.
Neural myeloblastoma (medulloblastoma) is one of the most common tumori maligne of the cerebellum. This tumoare pe creier grows rapidly and most often occurs in children around the age of 5. Opțiunile de tratament include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Although great progress has been made in treatment methods and techniques, the success rate of treating myeloblastoma still lags far behind other children’s malignancies. In particular, myeloblastoma is a highly aggressive malignancy. Only 40% of patients with meduloblastom survive, compared with other tumors of a less severe type-with a survival rate of more than 80%.
Researchers in the United States have discovered a new combination therapy for the treatment of highly aggressive neuroblastom. In laboratory tests, the drug killed cancer cells without any toxicity to normal cells, and researchers hope to conduct clinical trials of the drug. Robert Wechsler-Reya, an adjunct professor at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Institute, said: “Our goal is to confirm that the drug has low toxicity properties. Because doctors and patients in this case urgently require new clinical treatment options, we will soon apply the drug from the laboratory to clinical treatment.
Prin combinarea cu alte medicamente, noii compuși care inhibă tumorile sunt selectați in vitro și in vivo.
Studiile clinice for neuroblastoma are often very challenging because of the limited number of patients. In addition, coupled with the variability of the disease, most treatments are only effective for one subtype of patient. Understanding which patients will respond to this treatment is one of the main goals of the trial.
"Dacă putem dezvolta tratamente personalizate bazate pe gene tumorale - o strategie denumită în mod obișnuit tratament individualizat - acest lucru ar putea aduce o evanghelie imensă pacienților cu anumite tumori".
Există patru tipuri distincte de neuroblastom, iar pacienții cu un al treilea grup de tumori au cel mai prost prognostic - doar 40% dintre pacienți supraviețuiesc pe termen lung. În schimb, supraviețuirea pe termen lung a altor neuroblastoame este relativ optimistă și aproximativ 80% dintre pacienți pot supraviețui pe termen lung.
Majoritatea celui de-al treilea grup de pacienți cu neuroblastom are o expresie ridicată a oncogenei MYC, care este cauza diviziunii celulare incontrolabile și a formării tumorilor.
There was a study on mice with a third type of neural tube cell tumors that showed histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) might stop mice and people from making neurotubular glioblastomas without doing too much damage to normal cells.
We found several histone deacetylase inhibitors that can kill MYC oncogene-activated neural tube cell tumors without harming normal cell agents (HDACIs),” said Pei Yanxin, an assistant professor at the National Children’s Centrul medical în Washington, DC
The most effective of these compounds is panobinostat, which has entered clinical trials in other tipuri de cancer, but has not yet been tested on neuroblastoma.” Dr. Kun-Wei, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University, added: “Several other studies have revealed that the mechanism of action of panobinostat is to promote the activation of the FOXO1 gene that can interfere with the oncogenes of MYC.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) are also thought to have the effect of activating the FOXO1 gene. We hypothesized that panobinostat and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors (PI3KIs) could work together to block celula canceroasa supravieţuire.
“It is true that the combined treatment of these two drugs can significantly increase the survival of patients with tumors carrying the MYC gene compared to using a single drug alone.”
