Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekwelapheni umdlavuza
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe wuhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza olonakalisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imishayo yemisebe enamandla. Imvamisa, i-radiation therapy isebenzisa ama-X-ray, kepha kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ama-proton noma ezinye izinhlobo zamandla. I-Radiotherapy ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe yokwelapha amangqamuzana omdlavuza, imvamisa ama-x-ray. Ungathola i-radiotherapy, ebizwa nge-radiotherapy yangaphakathi, evela ngaphakathi komzimba. Noma i-radiotherapy yangaphandle eqhamuka ngaphandle komzimba.
I-Radiotherapy ingasetshenziselwa ukuzama ukwelapha umdlavuza, ukunciphisa ubungozi bokubuya komdlavuza, noma ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu. Ungaba nayo wedwa noma ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa noma i-chemotherapy.
Ngesikhathi belashwa ngomdlavuza, cishe abantu abangama-50 kwabangu-100 (amaphesenti angama-50) bathola i-radiotherapy kwesinye isigaba.
Ama-Photon asetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi ze-radiotherapy. Noma kunjalo ungaba nama-proton noma ngokungavamile kakhulu, ama-electron. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi uzodinga hlobo luni.
Ngokucekela phansi ukwakheka kwamaseli ahlukanisayo, i-radiotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi inciphisa izimila. Imvamisa, amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha okukhulu kunezicubu ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke athinteka kakhulu kwi-radiotherapy.
I-Radiotherapy isetshenziselwa ukubulala izicubu ezibulalayo, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokuhlinzwa noma eminye yokwelashwa (i-adjuvant therapy), ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokunciphisa ama-metastases. Noma nini lapho belulama khona, cishe isigamu seziguli ezinomdlavuza zithola i-radiotherapy.
Imvamisa, i-radiotherapy ibhekiswe ngqo ku-tumor noma kuma-metastases. I-Radiotherapy ingahlinzekwa kaningi emzimbeni wokwelashwa komdlavuza osakazeka kabanzi.
By injecting a radioactive source into the body in various ways, radiotherapy may be performed externally by a computer or internally. There are a number of internal radiotherapy techniques. Radioactive medication is administered intravenously or orally into the body by radioisotope therapy or radiopharmaceutical therapy. The tumour is directly affected by nuclear medication, and healthy tissue is just marginally damaged. For example, one type of radioisotope therapy is radioiodine, which is used to treat thyroid cancer.
The preference between surgery and radiotherapy depends on the efficacy of the procedure and its disadvantages if the cancer is localized. In particular, with the advancement of conservation methods of treatment, the importance of radiotherapy in cancer treatment has increased.
Isebenza kanjani i-radiotherapy?
Radiotherapy is a form of ionizing radiation (high energy) that, by damaging the DNA of these cells, destroys the cancer cells in the treated region. Radiation also affects cells that are normal. In the treatment area, this can cause side effects.
Emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokwelashwa, imiphumela emibi iyathuthuka, kepha eminye ingaqhubeka esikhathini eside. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa, udokotela uzokhuluma nawe futhi ahlole izindlela ezingaba khona zokubhekana nemiphumela emibi.
At high doses, by destroying their DNA, radiation therapy destroys cancer cells or delays their development. Cancer cells whose DNA is damaged stop dividing or die beyond repair. When the weakened cells die, the body breaks them down and replaces them.
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe akuqedi ngokushesha amaseli omdlavuza. Ngaphambi kokuba i-DNA ibuthakathaka ngokwanele ukuze amaseli omdlavuza afe, kudinga ukunakekelwa izinsuku noma amasonto. Bese kuthi amasonto noma izinyanga kuqedwe ukwelashwa ngemisebe, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqhubeka nokufa.
Izinhlobo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebe
There are two main types of radiation therapy, external beam and internal beam.
Uhlobo lokwelashwa ngemisebe okungenzeka ukuthi unalo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza
- Usayizi wesimila
- Indawo yesimila emzimbeni
- How close the tumor is to normal tissues that are sensitive to radiation?
- Umlando wakho jikelele wezempilo nowezokwelapha
- Ukuthi uzoba nezinye yini izinhlobo zokwelashwa komdlavuza
- Other factors, such as your age and other medical conditions,
Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Yangaphandle
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kwangaphandle kwesigxobo kuvela kukhompyutha ekhomba umdlavuza ngemisebe. Iyunithi inkulu futhi ingaba nomsindo. Ayithinti wena, kepha ingahamba izungeze wena, ithumele imisebe evela ezinhlangothini eziningana iye engxenyeni yomzimba wakho.
Ukwelashwa kwendawo ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle, okusho ukuthi yelapha ingxenye ethile yomzimba. Uma unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isibonelo, unemisebe esifubeni sakho, hhayi kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.
Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe Yangaphakathi
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphakathi kuyinqubo lapho umzimba ufakwa ngaphakathi komthombo wemisebe. Kungenzeka iqine noma ibe uketshezi oluvela emthonjeni wemisebe.
Brachytherapy is called internal radiation therapy with a solid source. Seeds, ribbons, or capsules containing a source of radiation are inserted in your body, in or near the tumor, in this form of treatment. Brachytherapy is a local procedure, much like external beam radiation therapy, which targets only a small part of the body.
Umthombo wemisebe emzimbeni wakho ungakhipha imisebe isikhashana nge-brachytherapy.
Ukwelashwa okuhlelekile kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphakathi okunomthombo oketshezi. I-Systemic isho ukuthi umuthi usakazeka ezicutshini emzimbeni osegazini, ubheke amaseli womdlavuza bese uwabulala. Ngokugwinya, ngokusebenzisa umthambo ngomugqa we-IV, noma ngomjovo, uthola ukwelashwa ngemisebe okuhleliwe.
Ngemisebe ehlelekile, okwesikhashana, uketshezi lomzimba lungakhipha imisebe, njengomchamo, umjuluko namathe.
Kungani abantu abanomdlavuza bethola ukwelashwa ngemisebe?
Ukwelapha umdlavuza nokuqeda izimpawu zomdlavuza, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungawelapha umdlavuza, kuwugcine ungabuyi noma ume noma kubambezele ukukhula kwawo lapho usetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza.
Zihlukaniswa njengezinqubo zokuthambisa lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zokwelapha ukukhulula izimpawu. Imisebe evela kugongolo lwangaphandle inganciphisa izicubu ukwelapha ukungaphatheki kahle nezinye izinkinga ezibangelwa isimila, njengobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukwehluleka kokulawula isisu nesinye. Ubuhlungu bomdlavuza obusabalalele ethanjeni bungelashwa ngama-radiopharmaceuticals abizwa ngokuthi yimithi yokwelapha ngemisebe.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezilashwa nge-radiation therapy
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
I-Brachytherapy ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo, isifuba, umlomo wesibeletho, i-prostate neso.
I-systemic therapy therapy ebizwa nge-radioactive iodine, noma i-I-131, isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegilo.
Another type of systemic radiation therapy, called targeted radionuclide therapy, is used to treat some patients who have advanced prostate cancer or gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). This type of treatment may also be referred to as molecular radiotherapy.
How is radiation Is used with other cancer treatment?
Imisebe kungaba ukuphela kwendlela oyidingayo kubantu abathile. Kepha imvamisa, kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa komdlavuza, njengokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ne-immunotherapy, ungathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ngaphambi, phakathi, noma ngemuva kwalezi ezinye izinqubo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa ukwandisa amathuba okuthi ukwelashwa kuzophumelela. Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe sincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza owelashwayo nokuthi ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma izimpawu kuyinjongo yokwelashwa ngemisebe.
Inganikezwa lapho imisebe ihlotshaniswa nokuhlinzwa:
- Nciphisa usayizi womdlavuza ngaphambi kokwelapha ukuze ususwe ngokuhlinzwa futhi ube mancane amathuba okuthi ubuye.
- So that it goes directly to the cancer during surgery without going through the skin. Intraoperative radiation is referred to as radiation therapy in this manner. Physicians can more effectively shield surrounding normal tissues from radiation with this procedure.
- Ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza aphilayo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Imikhawulo Yesikhathi Sokuphila
The amount of radiation that an area of your body can safely receive over the course of your lifetime is limited. You will not be allowed to get radiation treatment for that area a second time, depending on how much radiation that area has already been treated with. However, if the safe lifetime dose of radiation has already been received by one area of the body, another area might still be treated if the distance between the two areas is large enough.
Imiphumela emibi ye-radiotherapy
I-Radiotherapy ithinta amaseli ajwayelekile hhayi amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela emzimbeni. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, umthelela ezicutshini ezinempilo uncike ebungako besilinganiso semisebe, isikhathi sokwelashwa, nokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethola imisebe. Imiphumela emibi ibonakala kuphela endaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona imisebe emzimbeni wakho.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Radiotherapy kungenzeka isivele ivele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngokushesha ngemuva kokwelashwa noma kamuva, noma ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa. Ekwahlukanisweni kwezicubu, njengesikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila nomnkantsha wethambo, imiphumela esheshayo ye-radiotherapy iyabonakala ngokushesha. Imiphumela eminingi emibi ingagwenywa futhi yelashwe ngempumelelo kulezi zinsuku.
Sibala imiphumela emibi kakhulu ye-radiotherapy engezansi. Uzokwazi ukuthola imininingwane eningiliziwe kubasebenzi bezokwelapha abakwelapha ngemiphumela emibi nangokwelapha kwabo.
Ukulimala komlomo kanye ne-pharynx mucosa
Cishe zonke iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ekhanda nasentanyeni zilimala emlonyeni nasezindlebeni zepharynx. Lokhu kubuhlungu, kukwenza kube nzima ukudliwa, kuvame ukutheleleka, futhi kubeka impilo yamazinyo engcupheni. Umlomo owomile nawo ungadala ukwelashwa ngemisebe okunikezwe indawo yezindlala zamathe.
Kungenzeka ukwelapha ukulimala kwe-mucosa emlonyeni wakho ngokunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuvikela, ngokwelapha izifo, ngokusebenzisa amaphilisi ezinhlungu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukudla okwanele.
Ukulimala kwamathumbu
I-Radiotherapy ikhiqiza kalula imiphumela emibi eseceleni kwamathumbu. I-nausea, isifo sohudo kanye nokucasuka kwamathumbu nendawo engxenyeni kungenzeka kubangelwe yimisebe enikezwe izindawo zesisu nezesifuba.
Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwendawo elashwa nobungako besilinganiso semisebe esisodwa nesiphelele, izinga lomonakalo lincike ekwakhiweni. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okunikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa imiphumela emibi futhi kuyenze kube nzima. I-Radiotherapy enikezwe i-esophagus, kanye nobuhlungu nobunzima bokugwinya, kungadala umuzwa wokushisa ngaphansi kwe-sternum.
Skin
Your skin may be reddened and peeling after radiotherapy. Redness of the skin may begin after 2-3 weeks and peel after 4-5 weeks after the start of radiotherapy in general. Your skin may turn darker as well. Protecting the skin area from sunlight under radiotherapy is important, as your skin remembers the radiotherapy dose it receives for your entire lifetime.
Umkantsha
Emnkantsheni wethambo oqukethwe ngamathambo akho amakhulu, kwenziwa amangqamuzana egazi. Ukwehla kwesibalo samaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelets egazi kanye ne-hemoglobin kungabangelwa yi-radiotherapy enikezwe izindawo zangasese nezomgogodla. Imvamisa, lokhu kungokwesikhashana futhi ukubalwa kwegazi lakho kuzothuthuka kancane kancane.
Ukucasuka kwangaphandle kanye nesisu
Uma izindawo zengqamuzana nezomlomo womuntu wesifazane ziphathwa nge-radiotherapy, kungadala ukuqaqamba. Izindawo zibuhlungu, futhi zingatheleleka.
Ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesinye, umdlavuza we-endometrial noma umdlavuza we-prostate, ukucasuka okubuhlungu kwe-bladder kusuka ku-radiotherapy kwenzeka. Ungazizwa unesidingo sokuchama kaningi kulesi simo, igazi lingaba semchameni wakho, futhi ungahle ube nesisu esingezansi esiphazamisekile. Kungaba buhlungu nokuchama.
I-radiotherapy sequelae
Ezingxenyeni lapho ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu kuhamba kancane, kungenzeka imiphumela emibi ye-radiotherapy. Odokotela nososayensi abahlela i-radiotherapy yakho bayakwazi ukuzwela kwezitho ezahlukahlukene emisebeni futhi bahlele ukwelashwa ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela engemihle sekwephuzile. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunemiphumela engemihle evela ku-radiotherapy ezigulini.
I-pneumonitis eyenziwe ngemisebe iyisifo esivame ukwedlula sekwephuzile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngemuva kokuthi ukwenziwa kwe-radiotherapy kwenziwe kwizicubu zamaphaphu. Ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane, nomkhuhlane yizimpawu. I-pneumonitis ebangelwa yimisebe ivela ezinyangeni ezi-1 kuya kwezi-6 ngemuva kwe-radiotherapy. Ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu, kusetshenziswa iCortisone. Imvamisa, izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngokuphelele.
Omunye umphumela wephutha ongase uvele emaphashini yimisebe eyenziwe ngemisebe ye-pulmonary fibrosis.
Iziguli ze-radiotherapy ze-Brain zingathola i-syndrome efaka ukukhathala nokuphathwa ikhanda izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezi-2 ngemuva kokwelashwa. I-Radiotherapy nayo ingadala ukulimala enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi engaholela ekukhuleni kwesifo semithambo eminyakeni noma emashumini eminyaka kamuva.
