Uyini umdlavuza womlomo?

Umdlavuza womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx uqala emlonyeni noma emphinjeni. Ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela uma unesinye salezi zifo noma usondelene nomuntu onaso kungakusiza ukuba ulawule. Ungafunda mayelana nomdlavuza womlomo kanye nomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal, okuhlanganisa izici zobungozi, izimpawu, ukuthi zitholwa kanjani, nokuthi ziphathwa kanjani, ngokuvakashela leli khasi.

Izindebe, i-buccal mucosa (ulwelwe lwangaphakathi lwezindebe nezihlathi), amazinyo, izinsini, ingxenye engaphambili yezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zolimi, indawo ephansi yomlomo ngaphansi kolimi, uphahla lwamathambo omlomo (ulwanga oluqinile), kanye indawo engemuva kwamazinyo obuhlakani wonke ayingxenye yomgodi womlomo (okuthiwa i-retromolar trigone).

I-oropharynx, etholakala ngemuva komgodi womlomo, iyingxenye emaphakathi yomphimbo. Lapho umlomo wakho uvuleke kakhulu, uyabonakala. Ulwanga oluthambile (ingxenye engemuva yophahla lomlomo), amathoni, nezindonga eziseceleni nezingemuva zomphimbo zakha isisekelo solimi (ingxenye yesithathu engemuva yolimi).

I-oropharynx kanye nomgodi womlomo kukusiza ekuphefumuleni, ekukhulumeni, ekudleni, ekuhlafuneni nasekugwinyeni. Amathe (amathe) akhiqizwa izindlala ezincane zamathe kuwo wonke umgodi womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx, okugcina umlomo wakho nomphimbo kumanzi futhi kusize ukugaya.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza womlomo

Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamaseli zakha izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomlomo womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunamandla okuqala umdlavuza. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba ungathinta izinketho zokwelapha zesiguli kanye ne-prognosis.

I-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx

I-squamous cell carcinomas, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-squamous cell, ibangela cishe zonke izifo ezimbi emlonyeni womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx. Amangqamuzana e-squamous, angama-flat, amangqamuzana amancane ahlala emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, yilapho lezi zifo ezimbi ziqala khona.

I-Carcinoma in situ uhlobo lokuqala lomdlavuza we-squamous cell. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala kuphela ku-epithelium, ungqimba lwamangqamuzana (ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamaseli agudle umgodi womlomo kanye ne-oropharynx). Umdlavuza we-squamous cell ohlaselayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza efuduka edlula i-epithelium futhi angene ezingqimbeni ezijulile zomgodi womlomo noma i-oropharynx.

Iningi le-squamous cell malignancies ye-oropharynx ibangelwa ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo ezithile eziyingozi kakhulu ze-human papillomavirus (HPV) (ebizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-HPV-positive). Umdlavuza womlomo womlomo awuvamile ukuxhunyaniswa ne-HPV. Izifo ezibangelwa yi-HPV zivame kakhulu kubantu abasha abangakaze babheme noma baphuze utshwala. Lezi zifo ezimbi zine-prognosis engcono (i-prognosis) kune-squamous cell cancers engabangelwa yi-HPV (HPV-negative cancer). Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi uma izimila ezine-HPV zelashwa nge-chemotherapy nemisebe, ziyehla.

I-Verrucous carcinoma iwumdlavuza ongavamile we-squamous cell ohlasela kakhulu umlomo nezihlathi. Umdlavuza wezinga eliphansi (okhula kancane) ongavamile ukusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Umdlavuza we-salivary gland

Lezi zifo ezimbi zingaqala ezindlala zomlomo nomphimbo. I-Adenoid cystic carcinoma, i-mucoepidermoid carcinoma, kanye ne-polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma zonke ziyizibonelo zezifo ezincane zendlala yamathe. Ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlobo zomdlavuza, kanye nezimila ze-benign salivary gland, sicela uvakashele iwebhusayithi yethu.

I-Lymphomas

Amathoni kanye nesisekelo solimi kuqukethe izicubu ze-immune system (lymphoid), lapho umdlavuza obizwa ngokuthi i-lymphomas ungaqala khona. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nala mdlavuza, bheka i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma kanye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children.

Izimila ze-Benign

Izinhlobo eziningi zamathumba amahle kanye nezinguquko ezinjenge-tumor zingaqala emlonyeni noma emphinjeni, njengalezi:

• I-peripheral giant cell granuloma
• I-Fibroma
• I-Granular cell tumor
• I-Schwannoma
• I-Neurofibroma
• I-Pyogenic granuloma
• I-hemangioma yomlomo

Lawa mathumba angewona awomdlavuza aqala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaseli futhi anezimbangela eziningi. Ezinye zazo zingase zibangele izinkinga, kodwa ngeke zibeke ukuphila engozini. Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwalezi zinhlobo zezimila ukuhlinzwa ukuze zisuswe ngokuphelele njengoba mancane amathuba okuthi ziphinde zivele (ukubuya).

Izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza womlomo

Ukuqonda okuguquguqukayo okubangela umdlavuza kuzosiza ekugwemeni lesi sifo. Umdlavuza womlomo ngokomlando ubuhlotshaniswa nalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40, ngakho-ke ubudala buvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisici esiyingozi. Iminyaka yabantu okutholwe ukuthi banomdlavuza ingasho ingxenye yesikhashana ezinqubweni ze-biochemical noma ze-biophysical zamaseli aguga ezivumela ukuguqulwa okuyingozi, noma ingabonisa ukuthi amandla amasosha omzimba ehla ngokuya ngeminyaka. Idatha yakamuva (ngasekupheleni kuka-2008-2011) isiholela ekuphetheni ngokuthi abangabhemi abaneminyaka engaphansi kwamashumi amahlanu bayisigaba esikhula ngokushesha sabantu abanomdlavuza womlomo, okubonisa ukushintsha kwepharadigm kumsuka wesifo kanye nezindawo lapho sivame ukuvela khona imvelo yomlomo. Imidlavuza ehlobene nokubhema ngaphambili emlonyeni, imidlavuza ehlobene nogwayi, kanye nemidlavuza ehlobene notshwala konke kwehlile, kodwa indawo engemuva yomgodi womlomo exhunywe negciwane le-HPV16 inyukile. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi babiza lezi zifo ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu (zomlomo kanye ne-oropharyngeal) njengokuthi "umdlavuza womlomo" lapho bekhuluma nomphakathi jikelele, okuyinto engalungile ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa ethathwa njengejwayelekile emilayezweni yomphakathi jikelele.

Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sobuthakathaka bezivikeli mzimba noma ubudala, maningi amathuba okuthi ukulimala okwandayo okuvela kwezinye izinto ezifana nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi, ukuphuza utshwala, kanye nezifo ezingelapheki ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-HPV yizona zizathu ezinkulu. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza kungase kudinge amashumi eminyaka ambalwa wokubhema. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi nganoma yiluphi uhlobo kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wangempela womlomo womlomo kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50. Ababhemayo bahlanganisa okungenani amaphesenti angu-75 abantu abatholakala beneminyaka engu-50 nangaphezulu esikhathini esidlule. Lesi silinganiso siyashintsha, futhi amaphesenti athile asazonqunywa futhi akhishwe, njengoba idatha entsha ehlobene nokwehliswa kokusetshenziswa kukagwayi ishintsha ngokushesha amandla. Ngenxa yokuthi ugwayi notshwala kusebenza ngokuvumelana, ubungozi bakho bukhuphuka kakhulu uma uhlanganisa kokubili. Labo ababhemayo nabaphuzayo basengozini ephindwe ka-15 yokuba nomdlavuza womlomo kunalabo abangawusebenzisi. I-HPV16 viral aetiology ayibonakali idinga ugwayi noma utshwala ukuze kusebenze ngokuvumelana, futhi i-HPV16 imele inqubo yesifo ehluke ngokuphelele nezimele ku-oropharynx.

Ugwayi notshwala ngokuyinhloko yizinto eziguquguqukayo zamakhemikhali, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi sinamandla athile phezu kwakho, kungase futhi kubhekwe njengezinkinga zendlela yokuphila. Ngaphandle kwabo, kukhona okuguquguqukayo ngokomzimba njengokuchayeka kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Umdlavuza wezindebe, kanye nezinye izifo zesikhumba, zibangelwa yile nto. Umdlavuza wezindebe wuhlobo olulodwa lomdlavuza womlomo oye wehla ekusakazekeni emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kungenxa yokuqwashisa okuthuthukisiwe kwemiphumela eyingozi yokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhilimu okuvikela ilanga ukuze kuvikelwe kuwo. Esinye isici somzimba ukuchayeka kwe-x-ray. Ama-radiographs ayetholakala njalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, futhi aphephile ehhovisi lamazinyo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukuchayeka emisebeni kwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuxhunyaniswe nenqwaba yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

Izici zebhayoloji zihlanganisa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezifo zomlomo esikhathini esidlule. I-human papillomavirus, ikakhulukazi i-HPV16, iye yathinteka ngokuqinisekile kumdlavuza we-oropharyngeal (i-Oropharynx, isisekelo solimi, izinsika ze-tonsillar, ne-crypt, kanye namathoni ngokwawo. ), kodwa kubantu abambalwa kuphela abaye bathinteka emlonyeni womlomo. umdlavuza ngaphambili emlonyeni. I-HPV igciwane elithathelwana ngocansi elithinta cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-40 e-United States namuhla. I-HPV iza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ezingu-200, eziningi zazo ezithathwa njengeziphephile. Iningi labantu baseMelika lizongenwa yi-HPV esikhathini esithile ezimpilweni zabo, kanti abanye bazochayeka ngisho nasezinkingeni ze-oncogenic / ezibanga umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-1% wabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane abanawo amandla omzimba okuzivikela ohlotsheni lwe-HPV16, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho (ihlangene ne-HPV18), umdlavuza wendunu kanye nowomthondo, futhi manje isiyimbangela eyaziwayo yomdlavuza we-oropharyngeal. Ngenxa yalokho, sifuna ukucaca. Ngisho noma ungenwe igciwane le-HPV eliyingozi kakhulu, lokho akubonisi ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza womlomo. Iningi lamasosha omzimba abantu lizosusa igciwane ngaphambi kokuba kuvele umdlavuza. Izinguquko emikhubeni yocansi yabantu abasha phakathi nawo wonke amashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule, futhi ezisaqhubeka namanje, cishe zandisa ukudluliswa kwe-HPV kanye nezinhlobo zayo ze-carcinogenic. Ezinye izici ezincane zengozi ziye zaxhunyaniswa nezifo zomlomo kodwa ezingakaqinisekiswa ngokuqinile ukuthi zinendima ekuqhubekeni kwazo. I-Lichen planus, isimo sokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithambile zomlomo, kanye nezakhi zofuzo ziyizibonelo zalokhu.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo

Enye yezingozi ezinkulu zalo mdlavuza ukuthi ungaqapheli lapho usaqala. Kungase kungabi buhlungu, futhi kungase kube nezinguquko ezimbalwa ezibonakalayo zomzimba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo angakwazi ukubona noma ukuzwa izinguquko zezicubu ezandulelayo, noma umdlavuza wangempela, lapho usemncane kakhulu noma usezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Kungathatha isimo sendawo emhlophe noma ebomvu yezicubu emlonyeni, noma isilonda esincane esiqinile esifana nesifo somdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinguquko eziningi zezicubu ezinobungozi ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emlonyeni wakho, futhi ngenxa yokuthi into elula njengokulunywa ngaphakathi esihlathini sakho ingalingisa ukuvela koshintsho lwezicubu eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nanoma iyiphi indawo ebuhlungu noma eguquliwe. umlomo wakho uhlolwe nguchwepheshe uma ungapholi phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu zihlanganisa isigaxa esingenabuhlungu noma isisindo ngaphakathi emlonyeni noma entanyeni, ubuhlungu noma inkinga yokudla, ukukhuluma, noma ukuhlafuna, noma yiziphi izigaxa ezinjengensumpa, ukuhogela okuqhubekayo, noma ukuba ndikindiki endaweni yomlomo/ebusweni. Ukuqaqamba kwendlebe okungapheli ohlangothini olulodwa nakho kungaba yinkomba eyisixwayiso.

Ulimi kanye nephansi lomlomo kuyizindawo ezivamile lapho umdlavuza womlomo ukhula ngaphambili (ngaphambili) emlonyeni, ngaphandle kwezindebe, ezingaseyona indawo evelele yokwenzeka. Abasebenzisa ugwayi ohlafunwayo banamathuba amaningi okuthi bawathuthukise ku-sulcus phakathi kodebe noma isihlathi kanye nezicubu ezithambile (i-gingiva) ezungeze umhlathi ongezansi (mandible), lapho ipulaki likagwayi livame ukubanjwa khona. Kunenombolo encane yezifo ezithinta izindlala zamathe, kanye nemelanoma eyingozi kakhulu. Nakuba ukuvama kwazo kuncishiswa ezinye izifo zomlomo, zenza iphesenti elincane lenani lezigameko lilonke. Umdlavuza we-hard palate awuvamile e-United States, kodwa awaziwa. Ezinye izindawo lapho isivame ukubonwa khona, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha abangabhemi, zifaka isisekelo solimi ngemuva komlomo, i-oropharynx (ngemuva komphimbo) nasezinsikeni zamathoni, kanye i-tonsillar crypt kanye ne-tonsil ngokwayo. Uma udokotela wakho wamazinyo noma udokotela esola indawo engabazekayo, ukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi akuyona into eyingozi ukwenza i-biopsy. Lena akuyona inqubo ebuhlungu, iyathengeka, futhi ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuthi uthole ukuxilongwa okuqondile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi udokotela wakho wamazinyo ojwayelekile noma udokotela uzokuthumela kuchwepheshe ukuze uthole i-biopsy. Lokhu akusona isizathu sokukhathazeka, kodwa kunalokho ingxenye evamile yenqubo yokudluliselwa eyenzeka phakathi kodokotela bemikhakha eyahlukene.

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo zingabandakanya:

• Isilonda somlomo noma somlomo esingapholi
• Isiqeshana esimhlophe noma esibomvu ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho
• Amazinyo ashiya
• Ukukhula noma isigaxa emlonyeni wakho
• Ubuhlungu bomlomo
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe
• Ukugwinya okunzima noma okubuhlungu

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza womlomo

Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza womlomo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola izindebe nomlomo wakho ukuze abheke okungavamile - izindawo zokucasuka, njengezilonda namabala amhlophe (i-leukoplakia).

Ukususwa kwezicubu ukuze zihlolwe (i-biopsy). Uma kutholakala indawo esolisayo, udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo angase asuse isampula lamaseli ukuze ahlolwe elabhorethri ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy. Udokotela angase asebenzise ithuluzi lokusika ukuze asike isampula lesicubu noma asebenzise inaliti ukuze akhiphe isampula. Elabhorethri, amaseli ahlaziywa ukuze athole umdlavuza noma izinguquko eziyingozi ezibonisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhathi esizayo.

Uma umdlavuza womlomo usutholakele, udokotela wakho usebenza ukuze anqume izinga (isigaba) somdlavuza wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba somdlavuza womlomo kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ukusebenzisa ikhamera encane ukuhlola umphimbo wakho. Phakathi nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-endoscopy, udokotela wakho angase adlulise ikhamera encane, eguquguqukayo efakwe ukukhanya emphinjeni wakho ukuze abheke izimpawu zokuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphesheya komlomo wakho.
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. Ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kwezithombe kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza usabalele yini ngaphandle komlomo wakho. Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kungase kuhlanganise X-ray, CT, MRI kanye ne-positron emission tomography (PET) scans, phakathi kokunye. Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukuhlolwa ngakunye. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezifanele ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo ziboniswa kusetshenziswa izinombolo zesiRomani I kuye ku-IV. Isigaba esiphansi, njengesigaba I, sibonisa umdlavuza omncane ovalelwe endaweni eyodwa. Isigaba esiphezulu, njengesigaba IV, sibonisa umdlavuza omkhulu, noma ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izindawo zekhanda noma zentamo noma kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Isigaba somdlavuza wakho sisiza udokotela wakho anqume izinketho zakho zokwelapha.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo kunqunywa indawo kanye nesiteji sesimila, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke kanye nezinto ozikhethayo. Ungathola uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lokwelashwa komdlavuza noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukuhlinzwa, imisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy konke ukukhetha kokwelashwa. Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zakho.

Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo kungase kuhlanganise izinqubo ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha isimila: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana omdlavuza asusiwe, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase asike isimila kanye nomugqa wezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile. Ukuhlinzwa okuncane kungasetshenziswa ukuqeda izifo ezincane. Amathumba amakhulu angase adinge ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Isimila esikhudlwana, isibonelo, singadinga ukususwa kwethambo lomhlathi wakho noma ingxenye yolimi lwakho.

Ukuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza entanyeni osusabalele: Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase asikisele ukususa ama-lymph nodes kanye nezicubu ezihlobene entanyeni yakho uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza eqhubekele kuma-lymph nodes entanyeni yakho noma uma kunengozi enkulu yalokhu okwenzekayo ngenxa yobukhulu noma ukujula kobubi bakho (i-neck dissection). Noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza athuthela kuma-lymph nodes akho akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwentamo. Ingakusiza futhi ukuthi ubone ukuthi uzodinga yini okunye ukwelashwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ukuhlinzwa kokwakhiwa kabusha komlomo: Ngemuva kokuthi umdlavuza wakho usususiwe, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase anikeze ukuhlinzwa okuvuselelayo ukuze ubuyisele umlomo wakho ukuze ukhulume futhi udle futhi. Ukuze wakhe kabusha umlomo wakho, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase asebenzise isikhumba, imisipha, noma ukufakelwa kwethambo kusuka kwezinye izifunda zomzimba wakho. Izimila zamazinyo zingasetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni samazinyo angekho.
Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa zingase zibangele ukopha kanye nezifo. Ukubonakala kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza womlomo, kanye nekhono lakho lokukhuluma, ukudla, nokugwinya, kungase kuthinteke.

Ukuze usize udle, uphuze, futhi uphuze umuthi, ungase udinge ishubhu. Ishubhu lingafakwa ekhaleni lakho nasesiswini sakho ukuze ulisebenzise isikhathi esifushane. Ishubhu ingase ifakwe esikhumbeni sakho nasesiswini sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho angase akuthumele kuchwepheshe ongakusiza ukuze ulungise izinguquko.

Ukwelashwa kwamafutha

Ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu njengama-X-ray nama-proton. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvame ukunikezwa umshini ongaphandle komzimba wakho (imisebe ye-beam yangaphandle), kodwa futhi kunganikezwa imbewu ekhipha imisebe nezintambo ezifakwe eduze komdlavuza (i-brachytherapy).

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, uma unomdlavuza womlomo osekuqaleni, ungasetshenziswa wodwa. Kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungasetshenziswa ndawonye. Le nhlanganisela ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngemisebe kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye yandisa ingozi yemiphumela engemihle. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nomdlavuza, njengokungaphatheki kahle, ezimweni zomdlavuza womlomo othuthukile.

Umlomo owomile, ukubola kwamazinyo, nokuwohloka kwethambo lomhlathi konke okungase kube yimiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa ngemisebe yomlomo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa ngemisebe, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi ubone udokotela wamazinyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi amazinyo akho anempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Noma yimaphi amazinyo angenampilo angase adinge ukulashwa noma akhishwe. Udokotela wamazinyo angaphinde akweluleke ngokuthi uwanakekele kanjani amazinyo akho ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze unciphise amathuba okuba nezinkinga.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha ebulala umdlavuza esebenzisa amakhemikhali. Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ingasetshenziswa yodwa, kanye namanye ama-chemotherapy, noma nezinye zokwelapha umdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy ikhonjiswe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngemisebe, yingakho lezi zimbili zivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Chemotherapy iyahlukahluka kuye ngemithi esetshenzisiwe. Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokulahlekelwa izinwele konke kuyimiphumela emibi evamile. Buza nodokotela wakho mayelana nemiphumela emibi engaba khona yemithi ye-chemotherapy ozoyinikezwa.

Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe 

Izidakamizwa ezikhomba izici ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza ezondla ukwanda kwawo zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo. Imithi ehlosiwe ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ngokuhambisana ne-chemotherapy noma ukwelapha ngemisebe ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Kwezinye izimo, i-cetuximab (Erbitux) iwukwelapha okuhlosiwe okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza womlomo. I-Cetuximab ivimbela ukusebenza kwephrotheni etholakala kumaseli anempilo ahlukahlukene kodwa evelele kakhulu kumaseli omdlavuza. Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuphathwa yikhanda, isifo sohudo, kanye nokungenwa yizifo konke kuyimiphumela engemihle engenzeka.

Uma izindlela zokwelapha ezijwayelekile zingasebenzi, eminye imithi ehlosiwe ingase ibe yinto engenzeka.

immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza olusebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba. Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akha amaprotheni aphuphuthekisa amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba, amasosha omzimba wakho alwa nesifo angase angawuhlaseli umdlavuza wakho. I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa izinqubo zemvelo zamasosha omzimba.

I-Immunotherapy imvamisa igcinelwe labo abanomdlavuza womlomo osezingeni eliphezulu abahlulekile ukuphendula ekwelashweni kwendabuko.