Scientists at the University of Delaware and the University of Illinois at Chicago have discovered a new way to kill liver cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth. First, silence a key cellular enzyme, then add a potent drug. This research can accelerate the development of new treatments for liver cancer that are currently difficult to cure. Surgery is usually not an option for liver cancer, and the available drugs have limited efficacy. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 82% of liver cancer patients will die within five years. The researchers cultivated liver cancer cells and manipulated the expression of an enzyme called hexokinase-2. Then, the cells were treated with metformin, a diabetes drug that reduces glucose production in the liver. Then, examine how cancer cells respond to the loss of hexokinase-2, an enzyme that helps cells metabolize food-derived glucose. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze cancer cells and then determine the metabolic flux of cells with and without hexokinase-2. They suspected that cells losing hexokinase-2 would starve to death, but surprisingly, targeting hexokinase-2 had only a minor effect on stopping cancer cell growth. Another weapon, metformin, can help stop cancer cells from growing. We show that targeting hexokinase-2 can indeed be a successful strategy for cancer treatment, and that it requires the use of metformin as a second-generation compensation mechanism.Finally, a team from the University of Illinois at Chicago tested the effect of removing the combination of hexokinase-2 and the liver cancer drug sorafenib on liver cancer tumors in mice. This combination was better than the treatment alone.
Targeting FGFR4 and CD276 with CAR T-cells demonstrates a strong antitumor impact against children rhabdomyosarcoma
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells that specifically target Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 (FGFR4), a surface tyrosine receptor that is extensively expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), are now undergoing clinical research. However, the effectiveness of these CAR T-cells may be hindered by tumor heterogeneity and inadequate activation. In this study, we present a method to enhance the co-stimulatory and targeting characteristics of a FGFR4 CAR through an optimization process. We substituted the hinge and transmembrane domain of CD8 as well as the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain with the corresponding domains of CD28. The CARs produced exhibit heightened anti-tumor efficacy in multiple RMS xenograft models, with the exception of the RMS559 cell line, which is known for its aggressive nature.
