I-Gliomas

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesimila olunomsuka wobuchopho i-glioma. Ama-Gliomas, ahlanganisa ama-astrocyte, ama-oligodendrocyte, namaseli e-ependymal futhi azungeza futhi asekele ama-neurons ebuchosheni, enza cishe ama-33% awo wonke umdlavuza wobuchopho.

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-glioma avame ukuhlangana nezicubu zobuchopho ezinempilo futhi akhule ngaphakathi kwento yobuchopho, abizwa nangokuthi izimila zobuchopho ezingaphakathi kwe-axial.

Izinhlobo ze-gliomas

I-Astrocytoma: Ithumba ebuchosheni elivamile elivamile le-intra-axial, elibalelwa cishe ingxenye yawo wonke amathumba obuchopho ayisisekelo, i-astrcytoma amathumba eseli e-glial asuselwa kumaseli ezicubu ezixhumeneyo abizwa ngokuthi ama-astrocyte. I-cerebrum (ingxenye enkulu, engaphandle yobuchopho) kanye ne-cerebellum yilapho itholakala khona kakhulu (etholakala phansi kobuchopho).

Adults and toddlers alike can develop astrocytomas. The most dangerous type of brain tumours are high-grade astrocytomas, often known as i-glioblastoma multiforme. The symptoms of glioblastoma are frequently the same as those of other gliomas. Low-grade cerebellar gliomas known as pilocytic astrocytomas are frequently detected in young patients. Astrocytomas in the cerebrum are more frequent in adulthood.

I-Brain stem gliomas: Izimila ezingavamile esiqwini sobuchopho zibizwa ngokuthi i-diffuse infiltrating brainstem gliomas (DIPGs) noma i-brain stem gliomas. Ngenxa yokuma kwazo okukude, lapho zihlangana khona nezicubu zobuchopho ezinempilo futhi zikhinyabeze imisebenzi ethambile neyinkimbinkimbi elawulwa yile ndawo, ngokuvamile awakwazi ukukususa ngokuhlinzwa. Iningi lentsha eshona ngenxa yamathumba obuchopho ayisisekelo ibangelwa yilawa mathumba, avame ukuhlasela izingane ezisafunda isikole.

I-Ependymomas: Amaseli e-Ependymal ahlanganisa ama-ventricles noma umgogodla abangela i-ependymomas. Amaphesenti angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 kuphela amathumba obuchopho okuqala ayi-epidemymas, engavamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, benza phakathi kuka-8% no-10% wezimila ebuchosheni bezingane futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zithinte izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kweyi-10. Eduze ne-cerebellum yilapho i-ependymomas evame ukuvela khona ezinganeni. Lapha, isimila singase sivimbele ukunyakaza koketshezi lomgogodla we-cerebral futhi siphakamise umfutho we-intracranial (i-obstructive hydrocephalus.) Ukunyakaza koketshezi lomgogodla kungabangela ukuthi lezi zimila zibe metastasize (i-drop-metastasize) kwezinye izifunda zobuchopho noma intambo yomgogodla.

Ama-Gliomas ahlanganisiwe: Izinhlobo eziningi zamaseli e-glial akha ama-glioma axubile, aziwa nangokuthi i-oligo-astrocytomas. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwezicubu zesimila kungase kuxazulule impikiswano ngokuhlukaniswa kwazo njengohlobo oluthile lwesimila. Lezi zimila zivame ukutholakala emadodeni amadala futhi zise-cerebrum.

I-Oligodendroglioma: Ama-oligodendrocyte, amangqamuzana ezicubu ezisekela ubuchopho, abangela ama-oligodendroglioma, ngokuvamile atholakala ku-cerebrum. I-Oliogodendrogliomas yenza phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 ezimila zobuchopho eziyinhloko. Abantu abadala abasebasha nabaneminyaka ephakathi yibona okungenzeka kakhulu babhekane nazo, futhi amadoda athambekele kakhulu ekwenzeni kanjalo. Amaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-80 abantu abanalawa ma-glioma abhekana nokuquleka, kuhlanganise nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhubazeka, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-gliomas, ama-oligodendroglioma avame ukuba nokubikezelwa okungcono.

I-Optic pathway gliomas: Izimila ezisezingeni eliphansi ezaziwa ngokuthi “i-optic pathway gliomas” zivame ukutholakala ku-chiasm noma ku-optic nerve, lapho zingena khona ezinzwa ezithwala izimpawu zisuka emehlweni ziye ebuchosheni. Bathambekele kakhulu ekuveleni kulabo abane-neurofibromatosis. Njengoba lezi zimila zivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho, lapho kutholakala khona ukulawulwa kwamahomoni, i-optic nerve gliomas ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona kanye nezinkinga zamahomoni. I-Hypothalamic gliomas ama-glioma angaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni.

Izimpawu ze-gliomas

Ama-glioma adala izimpawu ngokucindezela ubuchopho noma umgogodla. Okuvame kakhulu, okuhlanganisa izimpawu ze-glioblastoma yizi:

• Ukuphathwa yikhanda

• ukuquleka

• Izinguquko zomuntu

• Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni, ebusweni noma emilenzeni

• Ubumbulu

• Izinkinga ngenkulumo

Ezinye izimpawu zifaka:

• I-nausea nokuhlanza

• Ukulahleka kombono

• isiyezi

Izimpawu ze-Glioblastoma nezinye izimpawu ze-glioma zivela kancane futhi zingase zicashe ekuqaleni. Amanye ama-glioma awabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu futhi angase atholakale lapho ubona udokotela ngokunye okuthile.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-gliomas

Ukuxilongwa kwe-glioma kuhlanganisa:

• Umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba: Lokhu kuhlanganisa imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zesiguli, umlando wempilo yomuntu siqu kanye nomndeni.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa: Lolu hlolo luhlola ukubona, ukuzwa, ukukhuluma, amandla, ukuzwa, ukulinganisela, ukusebenzisana, ingqondo kanye nekhono lokucabanga nokukhumbula.

• Udokotela angase ahlole amehlo akho ukuze abheke noma yikuphi ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukucindezela kwenzwa yakho yamehlo, exhumanisa amehlo nobuchopho. Lokhu ukuvuvukala - i-papilledema - kuwuphawu oludinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Scans of the brain: I-imaging resonance ye-magnetic (MRI) and computed tomography (CT or CAT scan), which use computers to create detailed images of the brain, are the most common scans used to diagnose brain tumors.

• A biopsy: This is a procedure to remove a small sample of the isisu for examination under a microscope. Depending on the location of the tumor, the biopsy and removal of the tumor may be performed at the same time. If doctors cannot perform a biopsy, they will diagnose the ebuchosheni and determine a treatment plan based on other test results.

Ukwelashwa kwama-gliomas

Ibanga le-glioma linquma inkambo yokwelashwa. Ama-glioma avame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ibanga eliphansi” (amakilasi I noma II) noma “ibanga eliphezulu” (amabanga III noma IV), kuye ngamandla okukhula kwesimila kanye nolaka. Kunamabanga amane ezimila ebuchosheni.

Isinyathelo esifanele sesiguli ngasinye sinqunywa indawo yesimila, noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona, kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kanye nokubi kwezinketho zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene (izindlela).

Ukwelashwa kwe-Glioma kwenziwa umuntu ngamunye esigulini ngasinye futhi kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma ukubhekwa nje.

The most frequent initial therapy for gliomas is surgery, which calls for a i-craniotomy (opening of the skull). If the tumour is close to significant brain regions, intraoperative MRI or intraoperative brain mapping may be used.

I-biopsy eyenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa iletha amasampula ezicubu kudokotela wezifo, ongakwazi ukuhlonza ngokunembile ukwakheka nezici zesimila ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuze unciphise ingcindezi ebuchosheni, izicubu zesimila zingase futhi zikhishwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Kungaba inqubo ebucayi.

Lapho isimila noma ukuxilonga sekutholakele, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Imithi ye-Adjuvant yilezi zinqubo ezaziwa ngayo.

Amanye amafomu e-glioma noma lawo asezindaweni lapho ukuhlinzwa kuyingozi thola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemva kokuhlinzwa. I-Gliomas yelashwa ngenye yezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha ngemisebe:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle

• Ama-radiosurgery we-Stereotactic

• Imisebe yangaphakathi

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa amawafa nokwelashwa okuqondiwe, kuyanconywa kwamanye ama-glioma ebanga eliphezulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

• I-systemic, noma ejwayelekile, i-chemotherapy

• Ama-wafers e-Chemotherapy (okungukuthi, i-Gliadel®)

• Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe

Ukuhlola ukukhula kwesimila ngemva kokwelashwa, ukuskena kobuchopho—imvamisa okuyi-MRIs—kungase kwenziwe. Izikena ngezikhathi ezithile ziveza izifunda ezifana nezimila eziphindelelayo, kodwa lezi kuvame ukuba yizicubu ezifile noma izinguquko ezicutshini ezinempilo ezilethwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-glioma isibuyile yini, odokotela abahlinzayo nezinzwa bazokubuka lokhu eduze. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase aphakamise indlela yokuhlinzwa ehlukile.