Uma ungezwani nodayi wokuqhathanisa, udokotela wakho angase akhethe ukuskena okungaphambanisi. Uma kufanele usebenzise ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ama-steroids noma ezinye izidakamizwa ukukusiza ukugwema ukungezwani komzimba.
Udayi wokuqhathanisa owunikiwe uzokhishwa emzimbeni wakho ngomchamo nangendle ngemva kokuskena. Ngenxa yokuthi udayi ohlukile ungenza izinso zibe nzima, ungase welulekwe ukuthi uphuze amanzi amaningi ngemva kwenqubo yakho.
I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yomzimba idala izithombe eziphelele zengaphakathi lomzimba kusetshenziswa amandla kazibuthe, amaza omsakazo, nekhompyutha. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuxilonga noma ukulandelela inqubekelaphambili yokwelashwa kwenani lezifo zesifuba, isisu, ne-pelvic. Udokotela angase asebenzise i-MRI yomzimba ukuze aqaphe ngokucophelela ingane yakho uma ukhulelwe.
Tshela udokotela wakho uma unokukhathazeka ngezempilo, ukuhlinzwa kwakamuva, noma ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile, kanye nokuthi ucabanga ukuthi ungase ukhulelwe. Nakuba amandla kazibuthe engeyona ingozi, kuye kwaziwa ngokubangela ukuba imishini yezokwelapha ingasebenzi kahle. Nakuba izimila eziningi zamathambo ziphephile, kufanele njalo wazise uchwepheshe uma unamagajethi noma insimbi emzimbeni wakho. Imithetho yokudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho iyehluka kuye ngendawo. Ngaphandle uma kuqondiswe ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokuthatha imithi yakho evamile. Gqoka izingubo ezixegayo, ezithokomele futhi ushiye amagugu akho ekhaya. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzocelwa ukuthi wembathe ingubo. Uma uhlangabezana ne-claustrophobia noma ukukhathazeka, ungase ufise ukuthola i-sedative encane kudokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-MRI ukuze ahlole izitho zakho, izicubu, nesistimu yamathambo ngendlela engavamile. Idala izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu sangaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze zisize ekuhlonzweni kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
I-MRI iwukuhlolwa kwezithombe okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kobuchopho nomgogodla. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukuze kusizwe ukuxilonga:
I-MRI yobuchopho esebenzayo iwuhlobo oluhlukile lwe-MRI (fMRI). Ikhiqiza izithombe zokugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukubuka ukwakheka kobuchopho nokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izindawo zobuchopho eziphethe imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Lokhu kusiza ekuhlonzeni ulimi olubucayi kanye nezindawo zokulawula ukunyakaza ebuchosheni babantu abahlinzwa ubuchopho. Ukulimala kokulimala ekhanda noma izifo ezifana nesifo i-Alzheimer kungahlolwa kusetshenziswa i-MRI esebenzayo.
I-MRI egxile enhliziyweni noma emithanjeni yegazi ingahlola:
I-MRI ingabheka izimila noma okunye okungahambi kahle kwezitho eziningi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi lokhu okulandelayo:
I-MRI ingasiza ukuhlola:
I-MRI ingasetshenziswa nge-mammography ukuthola umdlavuza webele, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abanezicubu zebele eziminyene noma okungenzeka babe sengozini enkulu yalesi sifo.
Kuzodingeka ushintshe ugqoke ingubo yasesibhedlela ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubeke. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukugwema ama-artefacts ezithombeni zokugcina nokuthobela imithetho yokuphepha emayelana nendawo enamandla kazibuthe.
Imithetho yokudla nokuphuza ngaphambi kwe-MRI iyahluka kuye ngenqubo kanye nendawo. Ngaphandle kwalapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ngenye indlela, yidla futhi uthathe imithi yakho njengenjwayelo.
Umjovo wezinto zokuqhathanisa usetshenziswa kwezinye izikena ze-MRI. Ukuze uqhathanise impahla, izidakamizwa, ukudla, noma indawo ezungezile, udokotela angase abuze ukuthi unesifuba somoya noma izinto ezingakuphathi kahle. I-Gadolinium iyinto evamile yokuqhathanisa esetshenziswa kumaskeni we-MRI. Ezigulini ezingezwani ne-iodine umehluko, odokotela bangasebenzisa i-gadolinium. Ukungafani kwe-Gadolinium mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba kubangele ukungezwani nokungafani kwe-iodine. Ngisho noma isiguli sinokwaliwa yi-gadolinium okwaziwayo, kungase kwenzeke ukusisebenzisa ngokwelashwa okufanele kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Sicela ubheke Imanuwali ye-ACR ku-Contrast Media ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezimpendulo zokungezwani nokungafani kwe-gadolinium.
Uma unezimo zempilo ezinkulu noma ukuhlinzwa kwakamuva, tshela uchwepheshe noma i-radiologist. Ungase ungakwazi ukuthola i-gadolinium uma unezinkinga ezithile zezokwelapha, njengokugula kwezinso ezinzima. Kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza ngendlela efanele.
Uma owesifazane ekhulelwe, kufanele njalo atshele udokotela wakhe kanye nochwepheshe. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980, akukaze kube nemibiko yokuthi i-MRI ilimaza abesifazane abakhulelwe noma izingane zabo ezingakazalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usana olusanda kuzalwa luyochayeka endaweni enamandla kazibuthe. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagweme ukuthola i-MRI ku-trimester yokuqala ngaphandle uma izinzuzo zizidlula ngokusobala izingozi. Ukungafani kweGadolinium akufanele kunikezwe abesifazane abakhulelwe ngaphandle uma kudingekile ngokuphelele. Ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokukhulelwa kanye ne-MRI lungatholakala ekhasini Ukuphepha kwe-MRI Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa.
Uma uhlushwa yi-claustrophobia (ukwesaba ukuvaleleka endaweni encane) noma ukukhathazeka, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akunikeze umuthi wokulalisa ukukhanya ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho.
Ngokuvamile uzocelwa ukuthi ushintshe ube yingubo futhi ususe izinto ezingase zithinte umfanekiso kazibuthe, njenge:
Uma unamagajethi ezokwelapha noma kagesi emzimbeni wakho, tshela uchwepheshe. Lawa madivaysi angase avimbe ukuhlolwa noma enze ubungozi. Imishini eminingi etshaliwe iza nepheshana elichaza ubungozi be-MRI bomshini. Letha incwajana ekunakekeleni komhleli ngaphambi kokuhlolwa uma unayo. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa kanye nemibhalo yohlobo lokufakelwa kanye nokuhambisana kwe-MRI, i-MRI ayikwazi ukwenziwa. Uma ngabe i-radiologist noma uchwepheshe enemibuzo, kufanele uphathe noma yimaphi amapheshana esivivinyweni sakho.
I-x-ray ingathola futhi ihlonze noma yiziphi izinto zensimbi uma kunokungabaza. I-MRI ayifaki ingozi kumishini yensimbi esetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni amathambo. Ijoyinti lokwenziwa elisanda kufakwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lingadinga ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwezithombe okuhlukile.
Noma iyiphi i-shrapnel, izinhlamvu, noma enye insimbi emzimbeni wakho kufanele idalulwe kuchwepheshe noma i-radiologist. Imizimba yangaphandle eseduze noma evaleleke emehlweni iyingozi kakhulu ngoba ingase inyakaze noma ishise ngesikhathi sokuskena, okuholela ebumpumputheni. Odayi be-tattoo bangase babe nensimbi, okungabangela ukuthi ukuskena kwe-MRI kushise kakhulu. Lokhu akujwayelekile. Ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo, izisekelo, izithunzi zamehlo, nezinye izimonyo ngokuvamile azithintwa amandla kazibuthe. Lezi zinto, nokho, zingadala izithombe zobuso noma zobuchopho ukuthi zihlanekezelwe. Yazisa i-radiologist ngokutholile kwakho.
Ukuze uqedele ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI ngaphandle kokunyakaza, izinsana nezingane ezisacathula ngokuvamile zidinga ukulaliswa noma ukulaliswa kwezinzwa. Iminyaka yengane, ukukhula kwayo kwengqondo, kanye nohlobo lokuhlolwa konke kunendima. I-sedation itholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze ingane yakho ivikeleke, kufanele kube khona udokotela wokulalisa izingane noma uchwepheshe we-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uzonikezwa imiyalelo yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani ingane yakho.
Eminye imitholampilo ingase iqashe abasebenzi abangochwepheshe ekusebenzeni nezingane ukuze bagweme ukusetshenziswa kokulalisa noma ukulalisa izinzwa. Bangase babonise izingane isithwebuli se-MRI futhi zenze kabusha imisindo ezingase ziyizwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze zizisize zilungiselele. Baphinde baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo futhi bachaze inqubo yokukusiza ukhululeke. Ezinye izikhungo zihlinzeka ngezibuko noma amahedisethi ukuze ingane ikwazi ukubuka imuvi ngenkathi ihlola. Lokhu kugcina ingane inganyakazi futhi kuvumela izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Umshini we-MRI ufana neshubhu elide, elincane elineziphetho ezimbili ezivulekile. Uhlala phezu kwetafula eligudlukayo elingena endaweni yokuvula ipayipi. Ukusuka kwelinye igumbi, i-techie ihlezi ikubhekile. Ungasebenzisa imakrofoni ukuxhumana nomuntu.
Uma une-claustrophobia (ukwesaba izindawo ezivalekile), ungase unikezwe umuthi wokukusiza ulale futhi uzizwe ungethuki. Iningi labantu lishaya umoya ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Imishini ye-MRI ikuzungezile ngendawo enamandla kazibuthe futhi iqondisa amaza omsakazo emzimbeni wakho. Ukuhlinzwa okungenabuhlungu. Azikho izinto ezihambayo eduze kwakho, futhi awuwezwa amandla kazibuthe noma amaza omsakazo.
Ingxenye yangaphakathi kazibuthe ikhiqiza ukuthepha okuphindaphindiwe, ukushaya ngamandla, neminye imisindo ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-MRI. Ukusiza ukuvimba imisindo, unganikezwa ama-earplugs noma umculo ungadlalwa.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, into ehlukile, ngokuvamile i-gadolinium, izojovwa emthanjeni osesandleni sakho noma engalweni ngomugqa we-intravenous (IV). Eminye imininingwane ithuthukiswa okokusebenza kokugqamayo. I-Gadolinium ikhiqiza ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kumaphesenti amancane abantu.
I-MRI ingase ithathe noma yikuphi ukusuka emaminithini angu-15 ukuya ngaphezu kwehora ukuqeda. Kufanele uhlale unganyakazi ngoba ukunyakaza kuzobangela okubonakalayo kufiphale.
Ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene enesizotha phakathi ne-MRI esebenzayo, njengokuthinta isithupha sakho eminweni yakho, ukuhlikihla ibhlogo ye-sandpaper, noma ukuphendula imibuzo elula. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho bakho eziphethe lokhu kunyakaza.
Uzobekwa phezu kwetafula lokuhlolwa kweselula nguchwepheshe. Ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale unganyakazi futhi ugcine isikhundla sakho, bangasebenzisa amabhande namabolster.
Amadivayisi anamakhoyili akwazi ukuthumela nokwamukela amaza omsakazo angase abekwe eduze noma eduze nengxenye yomzimba ehlolwa uchwepheshe.
Ukugijima okuningi (ukulandelana) kuvame ukufakwa ezivivinyweni ze-MRI, ezinye zazo ezingathatha imizuzu embalwa. Ukugijima ngakunye kuzohlinzeka ngesethi ehlukile yemisindo.
Udokotela, umhlengikazi, noma uchwepheshe uzofaka i-catheter emithanjeni (IV line) emthanjeni osesandleni noma engalweni yakho uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kudinga izinto ezihlukile. Into yokuqhathanisa izojovwa ngale IV.
Uzofakwa kuzibuthe womshini we-MRI. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa uchwepheshe ozobe esebenza kukhompyutha ngaphandle kwegumbi. I-intercom izokuvumela ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe.
Ngemva kwesethi yokuqala yezithombe, uchwepheshe uzojova okuhlukile emgqeni wokungena emthanjeni (IV). Bazothatha izithombe eziningi ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva komjovo.
Lapho ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, uchwepheshe angase akucele ukuthi ulinde ngenkathi isazi se-radiologist sibuyekeza izithombe ukuze abone ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye ezidingekayo.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, uchwepheshe uzosusa ulayini wakho we-IV futhi afake okokugqoka okuncane endaweni yokufaka.
Ukuhlolwa kuvame ukuqedwa emizuzwini engama-30 kuye kwengama-50, kuya ngohlobo lokuhlolwa nobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
Izivivinyo eziningi ze-MRI azibuhlungu. Ezinye iziguli, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikuthola kunzima ukuthi zinganyakazi. Abanye bangase bathole imizwa ye-claustrophobic ngenkathi besemshinini we-MRI. Isithwebuli singabanga umsindo omkhulu.
Kungokwemvelo ukuzwa ukufudumala kancane engxenyeni yomzimba wakho oshuthwayo. Tshela i-radiologist noma uchwepheshe uma ikuphazamisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi unganyakazi ngokuphelele ngenkathi kuthathwa izithombe. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha amasekhondi ambalwa ukuya emaminithini ambalwa. Uzozwa futhi uzwe ukuthepha okukhulu noma imisindo eshaya ngamandla lapho izithombe zirekhodwa. Uma amakhoyili akhiqiza amaza omsakazo esenamandla, enza le misindo. Ukuze unciphise umsindo okhiqizwa yisithwebuli, uzonikezwa ama-earplugs noma ama-headphone. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukukhululeka phakathi kokulandelana kwezithombe. Kufanele, nokho, ugcine ukuma kwakho ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokunyakaza.
Ezimweni eziningi, uzobe uwedwa egumbini lokuhlolwa. Esebenzisa i-intercom enezindlela ezimbili, uchwepheshe uzokwazi ukubona, ukuzwa, futhi akhulume nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Bazokunikeza “ibhola lokukhama” elizokwazisa uchwepheshe ukuthi udinga usizo ngokushesha. Uma umngane noma umzali ehlolelwe ukuphepha, izinsiza eziningi zizobavumela ukuthi bahlale ekamelweni.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izingane zizonikezwa ama-earplugs noma ama-headphone anosayizi ozifanele. Ukuze kudlule isikhathi, umculo ungadlalwa ngama-headphone. Izikena ze-MRI zikhanya kahle futhi zine-air-conditioning.
Ngaphambi kokuthi izithombe zithathwe, umjovo we-IV wezinto ezihlukile unganikezwa. Ungase ube nokungaphatheki kahle kanye nemihuzuko ngenxa yenaliti ye-IV. Kukhona futhi ingozi ephansi yokucasuka kwesikhumba endaweni yokufaka ishubhu le-IV. Ngemva komjovo wokuqhathanisa, abanye abantu bangase babe nokunambitha okusansimbi okufushane emlonyeni wabo.
Asikho isidingo sesikhathi sokululama uma ungadingi ukulaliswa. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile nokudla. Abantu abambalwa bangase babe nemiphumela engemihle evela entweni ehlukile ezikhathini ezingavamile kakhulu. Isicanucanu, ubuhlungu bekhanda, nokuba buhlungu endaweni yomjovo konke kuyimiphumela engemihle engenzeka. Iziguli ezinokuqubuka, amehlo alumayo, noma okunye ukusabela kabi entweni ehlukile akuvamile. Tshela uchwepheshe uma unokungezwani komzimba. I-radiologist noma omunye udokotela uzotholakala ukuze athole usizo ngokushesha.
Izithombe zizohlaziywa isazi se-radiologist, udokotela oqeqeshelwe ukwengamela nokutolika izivivinyo ze-radiology. Ukunakekelwa kwakho okuyinhloko noma udokotela oqondisayo uzothola umbiko osayiniwe ovela kudokotela oyisazi nge-radiologist futhi uzokwazisa ngemiphumela.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga ukuhlolwa kokulandelela. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi kungani. Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqhutshekwe kuhlaziywe inkinga engaba khona ngemibono eyengeziwe noma ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe obuhlukile. Ingase futhi ihlole ukuze inqume ukuthi inkinga ishintshile yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlola kokulandelela kuvame ukuba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthola ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza noma ukuthi inkinga idinga ukubhekwana nayo.