I-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL)

Iyini i-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

Umdlavuza wegazi odlame kakhulu kubantu abadala i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL). Iwuhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala emangqamuzaneni omnkantsha abe amangqamuzana athile amhlophe egazi (abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte). Amangqamuzana omdlavuza (i-leukemia) aqala emnkantsheni bese esakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.

Amaseli we-leukemia ku-CLL avame ukukhula kancane. Abantu abaningi bahamba iminyaka ngaphandle kokuthola izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, amaseli ahambela kwezinye izifunda zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufaka phakathi ama-lymph node, isibindi nobende.

Ayini ama-leukemias e-lymphocytic?

Ngokuya ngamangqamuzana omnkantsha wesifo lesi sifo esivele ngaphakathi, i-leukemia ihlukaniswa njenge-myeloid noma i-lymphocytic.

Lymphocytic leukemias (also called lymphoid or lymphoblastic leukemias) begin in lymphocyte precursor cells. Lymphomas are malignancies that begin in those cells as well. The fundamental distinction between lymphocytic leukemias and i-lymphomas is that cancer cells in leukaemia are mostly found in the bone marrow and blood, whereas cancer cells in lymphoma are mostly found in lymph nodes and other organs.

Izinhlobo ze-CLL

• Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-CLL lukhula kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungathatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba isiguli sidinge ukwelashwa.
• Olunye uhlobo lwe-CLL lukhula ngokushesha futhi luyisifo esibi kakhulu.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli we-leukemia zibukeka zifana, kepha ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kunganquma umehluko. Ukuhlolwa kubheka amaprotheni we-ZAP-70 ne-CD38. Lapho lawa maprotheni etholakala ekugxileni okuphansi kumaseli e-CLL, i-leukemia ikhula kancane futhi iba nemiphumela engcono yesikhathi eside.

Izimpawu ze-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli

Abantu abaningi abane-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli abanazo izimpawu ekuqaleni. Izimpawu nezimpawu zingakhula njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka. Zingafaka:

• Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe, kepha angenabuhlungu
• Ukukhathala
• Fever
• Ubuhlungu engxenyeni engenhla kwesobunxele esiswini, engabangelwa ubende obukhulisiwe
• Izithukuthuku ebusuku
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Izifo ezitholakala njalo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia engapheli ye-lymphocytic

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli kufaka phakathi:

Ukubalwa kwegazi: Ubuningi bama-lymphocyte kusampula yegazi bungabalwa kusetshenziswa ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele. Amaseli we-B, uhlobo lwe-lymphocyte, ngamanani amakhulu angakhombisa i-leukemia engapheli ye-lymphocytic.

Uhlobo lwama-lymphocyte: I-cytometry yokugeleza, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-immunophenotyping, isivivinyo esinquma ukuthi ukwanda kwama-lymphocyte kubangelwa i-leukemia engapheli, esinye isifo segazi, noma impendulo yomzimba wakho komunye umsebenzi, njengokutheleleka.

Uma i-leukemia engapheli i-lymphocytic leukemia ikhona, i-cytometry yokugeleza ingasetshenziselwa ukubheka izici kumaseli we-leukemia angasiza ukubikezela ukuthi zinolaka kangakanani.

Izinguquko zofuzo: I-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ukuxilonga okubheka okungajwayelekile kuma-chromosomes wamaseli amabi. Odokotela bangasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukusiza ukunquma izinketho zakho zokubikezela kanye nokwelashwa.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angalawula izivivinyo ezengeziwe nezinqubo zokusiza ekuxilongweni, njenge:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamaseli akho we-leukemia abheka izici ezingathinta ukubikezela kwakho
• I-bone marrow biopsy kanye nesifiso
• Ukulingisa ukuhlolwa, okufana ne-computerised tomography (CT) ne-positron emission tomography (PET)

Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia engapheli ye-lymphocytic

Isigaba sobubi bakho, noma ngabe ubhekene nezimpawu nezimpawu, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nokuncamelayo kwakho konke kuthonya izinketho zakho zokwelashwa ze-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwelashwa ngeke kudingeke ngokushesha.
Ungahle ungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma i-leukemia yakho engapheli ingazenzi izimpawu noma ibonise izimpawu zokuwohloka. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kwabantu abane-leukemia engapheli yesifo esingalapheki akuzange kwandise izimpilo zabo, ngokusho kocwaningo.

Odokotela basiqapha ngokucophelela isimo sakho futhi balondoloze ukwelashwa lapho i-leukemia yakho iba kubi, kunokukufaka emiphumeleni emibi engaba khona nobunzima bokwelashwa ngaphambi kokuyidinga.

Udokotela wakho uzokwenzela inqubo ozoyilandela. Ukuze unake isimo sakho, kufanele ubone udokotela wakho bese uhlolwa igazi lakho njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Ukwelashwa kwezigaba eziphambili neziphakathi
Uma udokotela wakho enquma ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa kwe-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli, ungahle ube nezinketho ezilandelayo:

I-Chemotherapy: I-Chemotherapy ngumuthi obulala amaseli anda ngokushesha, njengamaseli womdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganikezwa ngemithambo yegazi noma njengamaphilisi. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okukodwa noma ukuxuba izidakamizwa, kuye ngesimo sakho.
Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe yenzelwe ukukhomba ukungajwayelekile okuthile okutholakala kumaseli womdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kwemithi okuhlosiwe kungabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuvimbela lokhu kuphazamiseka.
I-Immunotherapy: I-Immunotherapy uhlobo lokwelashwa komdlavuza olusebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba. Ngoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza enza amaprotheni awasizayo acashe kumaseli omzimba omzimba, amasosha omzimba wakho alwa nezifo angahle angahlaseli umdlavuza wakho. I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa izinqubo zemvelo zesistimu yomzimba.
Ukufakelwa komnkantsha. Izidakamizwa ezinamandla ze-chemotherapy zisetshenziswa ekufakweni komnkantsha, owaziwa nangokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell, ukubulala amangqamuzana omnkantsha wakho akhiqiza ama-lymphocyte anesifo. Ngemva kwalokho, amaseli egazi omdala anempilo avela kumnikeli afakwa egazini lakho, lapho aya khona emnkantsheni wakho bese eqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi anempilo.

Ukufakelwa kwamathambo sekuvame kakhulu ekwelapheni i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli njengoba izinhlanganisela zemithi ezintsha neziphumelela ngokwengeziwe sezakhiwe. Kwezinye izimo, noma kunjalo, lokhu kungaba yindlela yokwelashwa esebenzayo.

Ukwelashwa kungasetshenziswa wedwa noma kuhlanganiswe.