Kukhona kodwa izinkinga ezisobala zokudla ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wesisu. Wonke amathumba aphazamisa ukudliwa kanye / noma ukusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, okubangela ukungondleki. Izimo zokungondleki ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezimila ezahlukahlukene. Ngokwezibalo, inani le- ukungondleki iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesisu zibalwa ngama-87%, kanye nesigameko se- i-cachexia ifinyelela kuma-65% kuye kuma-85%, okungaphezulu kakhulu kwawo wonke amanye amathumba. Zonke zihlala kuqala kuzo zonke izicubu.
Izimbangela ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokungondleki kahle komdlavuza wesisu
Gastric cancer is the isisu that has the most severe effect on nutrition among all tumors. The main causes of malnutrition in gastric cancer patients are:
① I-anorexia nokuhlobene nokudangala i-anorexia okubangelwa yisifo uqobo kunciphisa ukudla.
Ukudla okunzima ngenxa yezici zemishini.
③ Ukumuncwa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla okubangelwa ubuthi bezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy.
Kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezandisa ukwanda komzimba, njengokutheleleka noma ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa.
⑤ Imiphumela eqondene nokuhlinzwa kwesisu: Kukho konke ukuhlinzwa kwamathumbu, ukuhlinzwa kwesisu kunezinkinga eziningi, umthelela omkhulu ekondlekeni nasekuphatheni umzimba, kanye nobude besikhathi eside. Iziguli ezingavamile ukubona ukukhuluphala kanye nesifo sikashukela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwesisu yizona ezihamba phambili. fakazela. Phakathi kwazo, izinguquko ze-metabolic kanye nokuphazamiseka kokumuncwa okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwesisu kanye nokuphambuka akuzange kubangele abantu ukuba banake ngokufanele, njenge-iron, i-calcium, i-vitamin A, i-vitamin B12, ukuphazamiseka kokumuncwa kwe-vitamin D kanye nokuntuleka, njengamafutha, amaprotheni kanye ne-Carbohydrate. ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla. Lezi zici ezinhlanu ezingenhla zenza ukungondleki kube nzima, kuvame, kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi kube nzima ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu, ngakho ezigulini eziningi ezinokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu, isikhathi sokusekela ukudla okunomsoco kufanele sinwetshwe.
Imiphumela emibi yokungondleki komdlavuza wesisu
Njengakho konke ukungondleki, imiphumela emibi yokungondleki okuhlobene nomdlavuza wesisu ibonakala emzimbeni nasemisebenzini. Yehlisa ukusebenza kwe-radiotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, yandisa ingozi yokusabela kabi kwezidakamizwa, inciphisa imisipha nokusebenza kwemisipha yamathambo, yandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokutheleleka nge-nosocomial, yandise isikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela, futhi yandise izehlakalo zezinkinga nokufa, Ukwenza izinga lempilo yeziguli libe limbi futhi kukhuphule izindleko zokwelashwa. Ukungondleki futhi kunciphisa ukukhethwa kwezinketho zokwelapha iziguli ezinomdlavuza wesisu, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi zikhethe ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingafanelekile noma ezingafaneleki. Ngamafuphi, ukungondleki kuhlobene eduze ne-prognosis embi.
Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokudla womdlavuza wesisu
I-1) Ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu, isisu esiningi siyanqanyulwa, futhi umthamo wesisu esisele uba mncane, okubangela ukushintsha kwesiguli imisebenzi yokugaya nokumuncwa. Ukunakekelwa okuhle kwangemva kokuhlinzwa kanye nesiqondiso sezempilo somdlavuza wesisu kunganciphisa izimpawu. Emasontweni angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ezinye iziguli zingase zibe nezimpawu ezifana nokushaya ngamandla, ukujuluka, isiyezi, isicanucanu, nokungakhululeki endaweni engaphezulu yesisu ngemva kokudla amaswidi. Ivamise ukuzixazulula imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Sayina. ” Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kufanele udle amaswidi, ukudla okunosawoti okugayeke ngokusesilinganisweni, futhi ulawule ijubane lokudla. Ukudla kufanele kube okulinganiselwe futhi kufanele. Kufanele kube lula futhi kugweme ukudla okucasulayo okunjengokuluhlaza, okubandayo, okuqinile, okubabayo notshwala. Yidla imifino eminingi nezithelo, ungadli i-flatulence nokudla okunamafutha, kungcono ukulala futhi uphumule imizuzu engu-15-20 ngemva kokudla.
2) Inani lokudla kufanele livumelane kancane kancane kusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu. Lapho udla, kufanele uhlafune kancane ukuze unciphise umthwalo esiswini sakho. Yidla kancane bese udla kakhulu, imvamisa izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku. Ukudla ngakunye kungama-5 g, futhi kuyanda kancane kancane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-6, ukubuyiswa oku-50 ngosuku kuyabuyiselwa, kanti isidlo ngasinye cishe singu-6 g. Ngemuva konyaka ongu-8, kusondele ekudleni okujwayelekile. Gwema ukudla ukudla okumnandi kakhulu, phumula imizuzu engama-3 ngemuva kokudla ngaphambi kokuhamba.
3) Ngenxa yemiphumela enobuthi nemiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ngesikhathi samakhemikhali, ukudla kwesiguli kuzothinteka.Ukubaluleka kokwelashwa kokudla nokubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco kufanele kuvame ukukhangiswa ezigulini, futhi iziguli kufanele zifundiswe ukuthi zidle amaprotheni aphezulu, aphezulu -vithamini, okulula ukugaywa, ukudla okunamafutha amancane, kanye nokudla okuncane. Yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuchaza ngaphambi kwamakhemikhali, uqinise ukunakekelwa kokudla, futhi unikeze ikhalori ephezulu, uvithamini oningi, amaprotheni aphezulu, ukudla okulula ukugaya uketshezi noma okune-semi-liquid, kanye nokudla okuncane.
4) Imvamisa khombisa iziguli ukuthi zidle izithelo, imifino, futhi ziphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze zigcine indle ebushelelezi, futhi zibheke ukuthi zikhona yini izitulo ezimnyama nezindle zegazi, bese ziya emtholampilo noma emnyangweni ophuthumayo ngesikhathi ukuthola ukungahambi kahle.
I-5) Uma unezinhlungu esiswini, i-acid reflux, i-belching noma i-nausea nje nokuhlanza, zihlole ngesikhathi futhi uzelaphe ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukuqondiswa kokudla ngemuva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesisu!
The principle of eating for patients with izimila emathunjini: small meals, regular meals, and nutrient-rich diets. Ensure energy supply and gradually transition to a balanced diet.
Gwema ukudla okubandayo noma okushisayo. Ukuzila ukudla konke okucasulayo nokungahluziwe kanye nokudla okukhiqiza igesi, okuthosiwe. Nciphisa ushukela olula njenge-sucrose, ijusi enoshukela, njll. ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezifana ne-hypoglycemia noma i-dumping syndrome ngemva kokudla.
Isigaba 1: Ukuzila ukudla. Isikhathi sokuhlukumezeka kokuhlinzwa siphakathi kwezinsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, i-anastomosis ayikalulami, futhi umsebenzi wamathumbu uyalulama kancane kancane. Ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kwamathumbu kunikezwa ngaphambi kokungenisa umoya kwamathumbu, okunciphisa ukukhuthazwa kokuqukethwe kwesisu ku-anastomosis, kunciphisa ukungezwani esiswini futhi kuvimbele i-edema ye-Anastomotic ne-anastomotic fistula. Kulesi sigaba, izidingo zomzimba zomzimba zigcinwa ngokunikezela izakhamzimba namanzi emthanjeni.
Isigaba 2: ukudla oketshezi. Isikhathi sokuhlukumezeka ngemuva kokuhlinzwa sesidlulile ezinsukwini ezingama-4-10 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, futhi ukusebenza kwamathumbu sekuqalile ukwelulama, kukhombisa ukuthi indunu ivulekile futhi inesifiso sokudla. Misa ukuncipha kwamathumbu, uphuze ama-20 ~ 30 ml wamanzi abilayo afudumele isikhathi ngasinye, izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Ngosuku lwe-2 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, nikeza ukudla okucacile oketshezi, isobho lelayisi ngama-4 ml isikhathi ngasinye, ama-40 / usuku; ngosuku lwesi-2, isobho lelayisi 5 ~ 60 ml, 80 ~ 3 times / day; ngosuku lwesithupha, isobho lelayisi kanye nejusi yemifino isikhathi ngasinye 4 ~ 6ml, izikhathi 80-100 / ngosuku; ngosuku lwesikhombisa, nikeza ukudla oketshezi okwejwayelekile, isobho lelayisi, ujusi wemifino, isobho lenkukhu, isobho ledada nesobho lenhlanzi, njll., 4ml isikhathi ngasinye, izikhathi ezi-5-100200 / ngosuku. Lokhu okungenhla kumele kusekelwe kokwehluka ngakunye Khuphula inani nezidlo ngendlela efanele.
Isigaba 3: Ukudla okungamanzi oketshezi. Uma kungekho ukungakhululeki okusobala kulezi zigaba ezimbili ezingenhla, kunganikezwa isobho lelayisi, ufulawa welayisi, i-custard yeqanda, njll. Ukuqala cishe ngosuku lwe-10 ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, amashubhu ahlukahlukene wokuhambisa amanzi ahlala kulesi siguli asuswe ngokuyisisekelo, inani lokufakwa ngaphakathi emthanjeni lancipha kancane kancane, futhi ukudla obekudla kukhuphuke kancane kancane. Kufanele udle inani elincane lokudla, ukudla okungu-57 ngosuku, ukudla okungu-150-200 ml isikhathi ngasinye, ikakhulukazi ukudla okugayekayo nokusalela okuncane, okufana nephalishi lelayisi, ama-noodle, ama-noodle, ibhali, inani elincane le-puree, ubuchopho be-tofu, amabhola ezinhlanzi kanye njalonjalo. Ezinye iziguli ezinesifiso esikhulu sokudla azikwazi ukusheshe ziphumelele. Ungadli okuningi ukugwema i-anastomotic fistula.
Isigaba 4: Ukudla Okuthambile. Ngokuvamile kusukela ngesonto lesithathu ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla weziguli eziningi ubuyele kokujwayelekile, futhi izimpawu ezihlukumezayo ezahlukahlukene zanyamalala. Ukudla okuthambile ukudla okuthambile, okulula ukuhlafunwa nokugayekayo, okunomsoco okunezinhlobonhlobo zezakhamzimba, njengelayisi elithambile, amakhekhe ezinwele, amabhanisi ashubile, izitshulu ezahlukahlukene, inyama eshubile, inyama ebhakiwe, imikhiqizo yesoya, amadombolo, amabhanisi, ithenda elihlukahlukene imifino Njll, gwema imifino equkethe i-cellulose eningi nokudla okuthosiwe.
Ukudla ngesikhathi somdlavuza wesifo somdlavuza esiswini
(1) Ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Izici zokusebenza kwesineke: Ukudla kuyinto ejwayelekile, ukugaya kanye nokumunca kuyinto ejwayelekile, akunamkhuhlane. Lesi sikhathi yisikhathi esihle kakhulu seziguli zokwengeza umsoco wazo. Ayikho impendulo ye-chemotherapy nokudla okuvamile. Ukudla okunomsoco ongcono kungathuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba futhi kuthuthukise amandla omzimba okumelana nokusabela okungafanele ekhemotherapy. Ngokuya ngamalungiselelo okudla, ukudla okujwayelekile kuyinsika.
Izimiso: amakholori amaningi, amaprotheni aphezulu, amavithamini amaningi; high iron (iron deficiency anemia) inani elilinganiselwe lamafutha; ukudla okuthathu okusekelwe, ukudla okufanele. Izimfuneko: Ama-calories okudla kufanele abe anele ukugcina noma ukuzuza isisindo. Amaprotheni aphakeme kunabantu abavamile futhi kufanele athathwe kumaprotheni ekhwalithi ephezulu (inyama, izinkukhu, amaqanda) .Kufanele adle ukudla okuningi okune-iron, i-folic acid, no-vitamin C, njengesibindi sesilwane, inyama, izinso, amaqanda, imvubelo kanye imifino enamaqabunga aluhlaza, ubhanana, ama-tangerines, ama-tangerines, amawolintshi, i-pomelo, i-kiwi, izinsuku ezintsha, amapheya aluhlaza, njll.; Ukudla ngokuyinhloko ukukhanya, amafutha amancane nokudla okunamafutha aphezulu, gwema ukudla okuthosiwe. Yidla imifino eminingi nezithelo (cishe amagremu angama-500 emifino, ama-200 ~ 400 amagremu wezithelo).
(2) Isigaba sokuqala se-chemotherapy
Izici zokusebenza kwesineke: ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, izilonda zomlomo, ukushisa kwesisu, ubuhlungu besisu obuncane kanye nohudo kungenzeka. Yize ukusabela okubi ekwelapheni ngamakhemikhali sekuqalile ukuvela, iziguli zisengadla, futhi nokudla okunempilo kufanele kulekelelwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukudla kungasebenzisa ukudla okune-semi-liquid.
(3) Isigaba esibi kakhulu sokuphendula ngamakhemikhali
Izici zokusebenza kwesineke: ukusabela okubi kakhulu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, izilonda ezinzima zomlomo nezimbumba, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, uhudo, kanye nomkhuhlane. Awusakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile, noma ukumelana nokudla. Lesi sigaba isigaba sokugcinwa kokudla okunomsoco. Inikeza kuphela inani elincane lama-calories nokudla okunomsoco ukuvikela umsebenzi wepheshana lamathumbu. Uma isikhathi sokuphendula sidlula izinsuku ezi-3, kufanele sithole ukwesekwa kwabazali kokudla okunomsoco. Ukudla kuketshezi kuyasetshenziswa ekuhlelweni kokudla.
Ukwelashwa kokudla okunomsoco
Iziguli ezinomdlavuza, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ziye zanciphisa ukudla kwazo futhi azikwazi ukugcina izidingo ezivamile zokudla okunomsoco kanye nesisindo esinempilo. Kumelwe bathole ukwesekwa kochwepheshe bokudla okunempilo, okuhlanganisa izithasiselo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nokwesekwa kwabazali.
Izengezo zomlomo zokudla okunomsoco ukudla okunamandla amaningi noma amalungiselelo wokudla okunomsoco okuthatha ingxenye yokudla kwansuku zonke, noma njengezithasiselo kokudla okwanele kwansuku zonke ukwengeza igebe phakathi kwezidingo zokudla kwansuku zonke nezidingo ezihlosiwe. Ukudla okuncane kunconywa ukunciphisa uketshezi. Ukudla okunamandla kakhulu kufaka ibhotela lamantongomane, izithelo ezomisiwe, ushizi, iyogathi, amaqanda, i-oatmeal, ubhontshisi kanye nokwatapheya.
Lapho ukwengezwa kwansuku zonke kokudla okwenziwe ngomlomo nangokomlomo kusengakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomzimba, kunconywa ukuthi kutholakale ukwesekwa kokwesekwa kwabazali okondlayo ukwengeza ingxenye enganele yokudla kwansuku zonke kanye nokudla okunomsoco ngokudla kwabazali. Ingxenye yokondliwa ngabazali kubaluleke kakhulu ezigulini ezinamathumba athuthukile anemiphumela emibi enobuthi nemiphumela emibi ngesikhathi se-radiotherapy futhi angakwazi ukudla ngokujwayelekile.
Ekugcineni, maqondana nokwelashwa kokwesekwa komdlavuza, sincoma ukuthi uthinte isazi esinegunya sokudla ngomdlavuza.
