Nsuku zonke ngizozwa ukuthi ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kuzoba umdlavuza uma kubi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, akubona bonke abazoba nomdlavuza. Kungashiwo ukuthi iziguli ezinokuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho ziyiqembu eliyingozi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kungelapheka uma kwelashwa ngokuqhubekayo. Yebo, ukuthi nje abesifazane bavame ukubambezela ukwelashwa, abasithathi ngokungathi sína lesi sifo, futhi ekugcineni babangele izifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ukungaqondi kahle umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuvame ukuba yiphuzu elibalulekile elibangela lesi sifo. Kuyabonakala ukuthi lesi sifo siqondwa kahle kangakanani. ukubaluleka.
Inganekwane 1: ukutheleleka nge-HPV = umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
Ukutholakala komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuhlobene eduze negciwane elibizwa nge-human papilloma (HPV). Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo ngezinhlobo ezinobungozi obukhulu be-papillomavirus yomuntu kuyisidingo esidingekayo somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezilonda zaso ezingaphambi kwesikhathi. Leli gciwane lingatholakala emzimbeni weziguli eziningi zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
Noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane owenza ucansi kungenzeka atheleleke ngegciwane le-HPV ngokuxhumana ngocansi. Balinganiselwa ku-80% abesifazane abangenwe yileli gciwane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo.
Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka nge-HPV akubanga umdlavuza wesibeletho, ngoba wonke umuntu wesifazane onempilo unokuvikeleka okuthile. Ucwaningo lukuqinisekisile ukuthi ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-HPV, amasosha omzimba amaningi abesifazane angayisusa i-HPV emzimbeni. Yisibalo esincane kuphela sabesifazane esingadala izilonda zomlomo wesibeletho ezingaphambi kwesikhathi ngoba azikwazi ukuqeda i-HPV engenile emzimbeni futhi idale ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwe-HPV. Ezinye iziguli zizoqhubeka zibe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, le nqubo ithatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu kuya kwengu-5.
Ukuthi kuzodlulela yini kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-HPV nakho kuhlobene nohlobo lwe-HPV. Kukhona ama-subtypes angaphezu kuka-100 wegciwane le-HPV. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka nge-HPV emapheshaneni abesifazane okuzala izinhlobo 6, 11, 16, 18. Phakathi kwazo, i-HPV6 ne-HPV11 yizinhlobo ezinobungozi obuncane, kuyilapho i-HPV16 ne-18 ziyizinhlobo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ucwaningo lomdlavuza wesibeletho oluvela emazweni emhlabeni wonke luthole ukuthi i-HPV16 ne-HPV18 zinamazinga aphezulu okutheleleka phakathi kweziguli ezinomdlavuza wesibeletho.
Inganekwane 2: Ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kungaphenduka umdlavuza
Abesifazane abaningi banokungaqondi kahle ukuthi ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kungadala umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ngakho-ke bayakwesaba kakhulu ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho.
Ngokukhuluma ngokwelashwa, i-columnar epithelium yesifazane ngaphakathi komsele wesibeletho yi-valgus esikhundleni se-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho. Lapho udokotela ekuhlola, uzothola ukuthi ukuminyana komlomo wesibeletho kwasendaweni kubonakala kubomvu, okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho”. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi akuyona "ukubola" ngomqondo weqiniso. Kungaba yinto yomzimba. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-estrogen, abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokubeletha bane-valgus epithelium ngaphakathi komsele wesibeletho ukufaka esikhundleni se-squamous epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho, okukhombisa ukwakheka "kokuguguleka". Kodwa-ke, abesifazane banamazinga aphansi e-estrogen ngaphambi kokuthomba nokuya esikhathini, ngakho-ke "ukuguguleka" nakho akuvamile.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho nakho kungaba yisimo esivamile sokuvuvukala. Umdlavuza wokuqala wesibeletho ufana kakhulu nokubukeka kokuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho futhi udideka kalula. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho kutholakala ekuhlolweni kwabesifazane, akunakuthathwa kancane. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuqhubeka kwe-cytology kanye ne-biopsy, kungafaki amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, futhi ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukungaqondi kahle i-3: Ungakunaki ukuhlolwa kwesifo sabesifazane
Kusukela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane le-HPV kuya ekwenzekeni nasekukhuleni komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kunenkambo yemvelo ehamba kancane kancane, ngokuvamile inqobo nje uma cishe ibe yiminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma abesifazane behlolelwa umdlavuza wesibeletho njalo, kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale “isithombo” sesifo ngesikhathi bese sisibulala esigabeni sokuqhamuka. Njengamanje, ngemuva kokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza wokuqala wesibeletho, izinga labo lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingafinyelela kuma-5% kuye kuma-10%.
Abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala akumele bakuzibe ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane kwabesifazane kwaminyaka yonke, okuhlanganisa ne-cytology yomlomo wesibeletho njenge-Pap smear noma ukuhlolwa kwe-liquid-based cytology (TCT), okuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthola izilonda ezidala umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ikakhulukazi lezi zibalo ezilandelayo ezithambekele zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho akufanele zithathwe kalula:
Abantu abatheleleka ngokuqhubekayo ngezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zegciwane le-HPV, okungukuthi, labo abahlolelwa igciwane le-HPV okutholakale ukuthi bane-HPV16 ne-HPV18;
Izici zokuziphatha okubi kwezocansi, kufaka phakathi iminyaka yobudala ngaphambi kokuqala ucansi, abalingani abaningi bezocansi, kanye nenhlanzeko yezocansi engemihle, kuzokwandisa ubungozi besifo somdlavuza wesibeletho;
Ukungaqondi kahle ezine: "umzila kasilika" waphenduka iso elingaboni
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kungenzeka ungabangeli ukungakhululeki esigulini kusenesikhathi, futhi ezinye izimpawu azinakwa kalula. Abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokubeletha kufanele bafunde ukunaka “isexwayiso sempilo” esikhishwa ngumzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi, yize kuyizimpawu "ezithule" kuphela, kungahle kube nezingozi ezifihliwe.
Ngemuva kokutholwa kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho awumubi kangako. Ukwelashwa kwe-Proton kusenethemba lokwelapha. I-Proton therapy empeleni ingukusheshisa kwama-proton ashajwe kahle ngokusebenzisa ama-accelerator, okuba imisebe ye-ionizing engena kakhulu. Ingena emzimbeni womuntu ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi iqondiswa imishini emise okukhethekile ukuze igcine ifinyelele endaweni yesimila. Ngenxa yejubane elisheshayo, ithuba lokuxhumana nezicubu ezijwayelekile noma amaseli emzimbeni liphansi kakhulu. Lapho ufinyelela ingxenye ethile yesimila, ijubane liyancipha ngokuzumayo. Futhi misa futhi ukhulule amandla amaningi, angabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu nezitho ezizungezile. I-Proton therapy isengaphatha ngempumelelo lezi zimila ngenkathi ivikela lezi zitho ezibalulekile noma imisebenzi yesakhiwo. Akunakwenzeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ngemuva kokuba abesifazane beqonde kahle lesi sifo, noma ngabe ukuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kumele babe nesimo esihle sokuselapha. Lapho kunokuguguleka komlomo wesibeletho, qala ngokukhipha ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi unomdlavuza, bese ulungisa ukwelashwa, Uma usuphulukisiwe, kuzolunga. Uma usuphethwe umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, okokuqala ukuthola ukwelashwa okusebenzayo, isimo singalawulwa ngokushesha, futhi impilo ngeke ibe yingozi kangako.
