Aya tapi masalah dietary atra pikeun penderita kanker lambung. Kabéh tumor ngaganggu asupan jeung / atawa utilization gizi ka varying derajat, ngabalukarkeun kurang gizi. Kajadian kurang gizi beda-beda diantara tumor anu béda. Numutkeun kana statistik, proporsi tina kurang gizi pasién dina kanker lambung nyatakeun 87%, sareng kajadian cachexia nyaéta saluhur 65% dugi ka 85%, anu langkung luhur tibatan sadaya tumor anu sanés. Sadayana nempatan tempat munggaran dina sadaya tumor.
Lima panyabab utama gizi kanker lambung
Gastric cancer is the tumor that has the most severe effect on nutrition among all tumors. The main causes of malnutrition in gastric cancer patients are:
① Anorexia sareng déprési anorexia disababkeun ku panyakit éta sorangan ngirangan asupan tuangeun.
Intake Asupan sesah kusabab faktor mékanis.
③ Absorption and digestive disorders caused by toxicity of chemotherapy drugs.
④ Digabungkeun sareng faktor anu ningkatkeun katabolisme, sapertos inféksi atanapi pangobatan.
⑤ Gastric surgery-specific effects: Of all gastrointestinal surgery, gastric surgery has the most complications, the greatest impact on nutrition and metabolism, and the longest duration. Patients who rarely see obesity and diabetes after gastric surgery are the best. prove. Among them, the metabolic changes and absorption disorders caused by gastrointestinal resection and diversion did not cause people to pay due attention, such as iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D absorption disorders and deficiency, such as fat, protein and Carbohydrate digestive disorders. The above five factors make malnutrition severe, frequent, long-lasting and complicated after gastric cancer surgery, so for most patients with gastric cancer surgery, the time for nutritional support should be extended.
Pangaruh négatip tina gizi kanker lambung
As with all malnutrition, the negative effects of gastric cancer-related malnutrition are also reflected in the body and function. It reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, increases the risk of adverse drug reactions, reduces skeletal muscle mass and function, increases the chance of postoperative complications and nosocomial infections, prolongs the length of hospital stay, and increases the incidence of complications and mortality , Worsening the quality of life of patients and increasing medical costs. Malnutrition also limits the choice of treatment options for gastric cancer patients, making them have to choose some non-optimal or inappropriate treatment options. In short, malnutrition is closely related to poor prognosis.
Pitunjuk komprehensif pikeun kanker lambung
1) After gastric cancer surgery, most of the stomach is cut off, and the volume of the residual stomach becomes smaller, which causes the patient’s digestive and absorptive functions to change. Good postoperative care and health guidance for gastric cancer can reduce symptoms. At 2 to 3 weeks after surgery, some patients may experience symptoms such as palpitation, sweating, dizziness, nausea, and discomfort in the upper abdomen after eating sweets. It usually resolves itself for 15 to 30 minutes. Sign. ” To prevent this, you should eat sweets, moderately digestible salty foods, and control the speed of eating. The diet should be quantitative and appropriate. It should be light and avoid irritating foods such as raw, cold, hard, spicy, and alcohol. Eat more vegetables and fruits, do not eat flatulence and fatty foods, it is best to lie down and rest for 15-20 minutes after eating.
2) Jumlah tuang kedah laun adaptasi ti alit dugi ka ageung, tina ipis dugi ka kandel. Nalika tuang, anjeun kedah nyapek lalaunan pikeun ngirangan beuteung dina lambung anjeun. Dahar kirang sareng tuang langkung, biasana 5 dugi 6 kali sapoé. Unggal tepung sakitar 50 g, sareng laun-laun ningkat. Saatos 6 dugi 8 sasih, 3 tuangeun sadinten disimpen deui, sareng unggal tuang kirang langkung 100 g. Saatos 1 taun, éta caket kana diet normal. Cegah tuangeun tuangeun teuing amis, istirahat 30 menit saatos tuang sateuacan ngalih.
3) Kusabab tina toksik sareng efek samping obat nalika kémoterapi, napsu pasien bakal kapangaruhan. Pentingna pangobatan diét sareng pentingna nutrisi kedah sering diiklankeun ka pasién, sareng pasién kedah diparentah tuang protéin tinggi, tinggi -vitamin, gampang dicerna, tuangeun kirang gajih, sareng tuangeun alit. Laksanakeun padamelan anu saé pikeun ngajelaskeun sateuacan kémoterapi, nguatkeun perawatan diét, sareng masihan kalori-tinggi, tinggi vitamin, protéin tinggi, cairan anu gampang dicerna atanapi semi-cair, sareng tuang alit.
4) Biasana pituduh pasien pikeun langkung seueur tuang buah, sayuran, sareng nginum seueur cai pikeun ngajaga tai lemes, sareng niténan naha aya tai hideung sareng tai getih, sareng angkat ka klinik atanapi departemén darurat dina waktosna kanggo mendakan kelainan.
5) Upami anjeun ngaraos nyeri beuteung, réfluks asam, belching atanapi bahkan seueul sareng utah, parios waktosna sareng rawat sakasap mungkin.
Pitunjuk diet pasca operasi pikeun kanker lambung!
The principle of eating for patients with tumor beuteung: small meals, regular meals, and nutrient-rich diets. Ensure energy supply and gradually transition to a balanced diet.
Avoid too cold or hot food. Fasting all irritating and crude fiber and gas-producing, fried foods. Limit simple sugars such as sucrose, sweet juice, etc. to prevent complications such as hypoglycemia or dumping syndrome after eating.
Tahap 1: Puasa. Mangsa trauma trauma aya dina 1 dugi ka 3 dinten saatos dioperasi, anastomosis teu acan cageur, sareng fungsi gastrointestinal laun janten pulih. Dekompresi gastrointestinal kontinyu dirumuskeun sateuacan ventilasi cerna, anu ngirangan stimulasi eusi lambung ka anastomosis, ngirangan tegangan lambung sareng nyegah edema Anastomotik sareng fistula anastomotik. Dina tahap ieu, kabutuhan fisiologis awak dijaga ku nyayogikeun gizi sareng cai kana urat.
Tahap 2: Diét cair. Mangsa trauma postoperative dina dasarna parantos 4-10 dinten saatos operasi, sareng fungsi gastrointestinal parantos mimiti pulih, nunjukkeun yén anus dikaluarkeun sareng ngagaduhan napsu. Ngeureunkeun dekomprési gastrointestinal, nginum 20 ~ 30 ml cai ngagolak haneut unggal waktos, 2 kali sapoé. Dina dinten ka-4 saatos dioperasi, pasihan diet cair anu jelas, sup nasi 40 ml unggal waktos, 2 kali / dinten; dina dinten ka-5, sup nasi 60 ~ 80 ml, 3 ~ 4 kali / dinten; dina dinten ka-6, sup nasi sareng jus sayuran unggal waktos 80 ~ 100ml, 4-5 kali / dinten; dina dinten katujuh, pasihan diet cair biasa, sup nasi, jus sayuran, sup hayam, sup bebek sareng sup lauk, sareng sajabana, 100200ml unggal waktos, 4-6 kali / dinten. Di luhur kedah dumasar kana béda-béda individu Ningkatkeun jumlah sareng tuangeun sakumaha pantes.
Tahap 3: Diét semi-cair. Upami teu aya kanyamanan anu écés dina dua tahap di luhur, sup nasi, tipung béas, kandang endog kukus, sareng sajabana tiasa dipasihkeun. Dimimitian kira-kira dinten ka-10 saatos operasi, sababaraha tabung saluran pembuangan anu cicing di pasién ieu sacara dasarna dikaluarkeun, jumlah infus intravena laun turun, sareng asupan tuang bertahap ningkat. Kedah tuang sajumlah leutik tuangeun, 57 tuangeun sadinten, 150-200 ml unggal waktos, utamina anu tiasa dicerna sareng kirang résidu, sapertos bubur nasi, mi, mi, sa'ir, sajumlah leutik puri, otak tahu, bola lauk sareng saterusna. Sababaraha pasién anu napsu ageung teu tiasa buru-buru ngahontal kasuksésan. Entong tuang seueur kanggo nyingkahan fistula anastomotik.
Tahap 4: Kadaharan lemes. Umumna ti minggu katilu saatos operasi, fungsi pencernaan kaseueuran pasién deui normal, sareng sagala rupa gejala teu ngarareunah ngaleungit. Kadaharan lemes mangrupikeun lelembut, gampang-kanggo-mamah sareng dicerna, diet saimbang sareng sababaraha rupa gizi, sapertos nasi lemes, kuéh rambut, roti kukus, sagala rupa rebus, dikukus, daging anu dipanggang, produk kécap, pangsit, roti, sagala rupa lembut sayuran Jsb., hindarkeun sayuran anu ngandung langkung seueur selulosa sareng kadaharan anu digoréng.
Diét nalika kémoterapi kanker lambung
(1) Sateuacan sareng saatos kémoterapi
Karakteristik kinerja pasién: Napsu dasarna normal, nyerna sareng nyerep normal, teu muriang. Mangsa ieu mangrupikeun waktos anu pangsaéna pikeun pasien pikeun ngalengkepan gizi na. Teu aya réspon kémoterapi sareng diet normal. Nutrisi anu saé tiasa ningkatkeun imunitas sareng ningkatkeun kamampuan awak pikeun nolak réaksi ngarugikeun kémoterapi. Dina hal pangaturan diet, katuangan umum mangrupikeun andalan.
Principles: high calories, high protein, high vitamins; high iron (iron deficiency anemia) moderate amount of fat; three meals based, appropriate meals. Requirements: Dietary calories must be sufficient to maintain or gain weight. Protein is higher than ordinary people and should be derived from high-quality protein (meat, poultry, eggs) .Should eat more foods containing iron, folic acid, and vitamin C, such as Animal liver, meat, kidney, eggs, yeast and green leafy vegetables, bananas, tangerines, tangerines, oranges, pomelo, kiwi, fresh dates, prickly pears, etc .; diet is mainly light, less oil and high fat foods, avoid fried food. Eat more vegetables and fruits (about 500 grams of vegetables, 200 ~ 400 grams of fruits).
(2) Tahap awal kémoterapi
Karakteristik kinerja pasién: kaleungitan napsu, maag lisan, ngabakar lambung, nyeri beuteung hampang sareng diaré tiasa kajantenan. Sanaos réaksi ngarugikeun kémoterapi parantos mimiti muncul, pasién tetep tiasa tuang, sareng nutrisi kedah ditangkep sabisa-bisa. Diét tiasa nganggo katuangan semi-cair.
(3) Tahap ekstrim réspon kémoterapi
Karakteristik kinerja pasién: réaksi ngarugikeun parah, seueul sareng utah, borok lisan sareng pept parah, nyeri beuteung parah, diare, sareng bahkan muriang. Henteu tiasa tuangeun normal deui, bahkan résistansi tuang. Tahap ieu mangrupikeun tahap perawatan gizi. Éta ngan ukur nyayogikeun sakedik kalori sareng nutrisi pikeun ngajagi fungsi saluran pencernaan. Upami waktos réspon langkung ti 3 dinten, éta kedah nampi dukungan nutrisi kolot. Kadaharan cair dianggo dina pangaturan diet.
Terapi gizi propésional
Cancer patients, for any reason, have reduced their food intake and cannot maintain normal nutritional requirements and healthy weight. They must receive professional nutritional support, including oral nutritional supplements and parenteral nutritional support.
Suplemén gizi lisan mangrupikeun kadaharan anu luhur tanaga-énergi atanapi olahan gizi enteral anu sawaréh ngagantikeun tuangeun sadidinten, atanapi salaku suplemén pikeun henteu cukup diét sadidinten pikeun nambihan celah antara asupan diet sapopoe sareng sarat target. Hidangan anu alit disarankeun pikeun ngirangan cairan. Kadaharan anu padet énergi tinggi kalebet mentega suuk, buah garing, kéju, yoghurt, endog, gandum, kacang sareng alpuket.
Nalika asupan sadidinten sareng suplemén gizi lisan tetep henteu tiasa nyumponan kabutuhan awak, disarankeun pikeun nampi pangrojong pangrojong suplemén parenteral pikeun suplemén bagian anu henteu cekap tina diet sapopoé sareng nutrisi enteral sareng nutrisi parenteral. Bagian tina nutrisi parenteral mangrupikeun penting pisan pikeun penderita tumor anu maju anu ngagaduhan toksik sareng efek samping anu parah salami radioterapi sareng henteu tiasa tuang normal.
Akhirna, ngeunaan pangobatan dukungan gizi kanker, kami nyarankeun anjeun konsultasi ka ahli gizi onkologi anu berwibawa.
