2022 Juni: Hiji studi leutik penderita kanker rectal yielded hasil rongkah: 100 persén individu éta dina remisi. Hasilna diterbitkeun dina The New England Journal of Medicine minggu ieu.
Percobaan dibiayaan ku GlaxoSmithKline, anu ngahasilkeun ubar dostarlimab, numutkeun New York Times. Salila genep bulan, penderita dina sidang dibéré dostarlimab, hiji immunotherapy obat anu ngarangsang sistem imun pasien pikeun sasaran malignancies maranéhanana.
According to the study, all 12 people had comparable mutations in mismatch repair-deficient kangker colorectal, which occurs in roughly 5 to 10% of colorectal malignancies. Standard chemotherapy has a dismal prognosis for these malignancies.
"Aranjeunna kakurangan gén anu ngamungkinkeun aranjeunna ngalereskeun DNAna," saur dokter Andrea Cercek, panulis pangarang tina Pusat Panyakit Peringatan Sloan Kettering, ka CNN. "Hasilna, aranjeunna gaduh seueur, seueur mutasi, sareng sistem imun ngadeteksi kanker éta asing." "Nalika urang ngokolakeun immunotherapy, sapertos dostarlimab, kami dasarna ngan ukur nyegerkeun sistem imun supados tiasa ningali kanker sareng maéhan éta."
Dostarlimab is an antibody that targets the protein PD-1, which stands for programmed cell death 1. PD-1 is a protein found on the surface of immune system T-cells that helps the body recognise and destroy cancer cells. Cancer cells can then create chemicals that disrupt PD-1, allowing them to slip past the immune system’s detection. Dostarlimab works by preventing cancer cells from evading the immune system, allowing the immune system to discover and kill cancer cells. The researchers intended to follow up on the dostarlimab treatment with normal chemoradiotherapy and surgery, but the patients didn’t require it. According to the study, all 12 subjects who completed the dostarlimab treatment and had a 6-month follow-up had no detected cancer cells or major side effects. According to a statement, no cases of advancement or recurrence have been observed even after 25 months.
tradisional kanker titik therapies can have life-changing consequences, according to Hanna Sanoff of the University of North Carolina’s Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, who was not involved in the study but wrote an editorial about it.
“Both surgery and radiation have long-term implications for fertility, sexual health, and bowel and bladder function. “The consequences for quality of life are significant, particularly for women whose reproductive potential would be harmed by current treatment,” Cercek said in the statement. “With the increased incidence of rectal cancer among young persons, this method could have a significant impact.”
Para ahli ngingetkeun yén ékspérimén éta terbatas, sareng éta awal teuing pikeun nyarios upami pasien bakal tetep aya dina remisi. Sanoff nambihan dina redaksi yén sanajan individu anu ngagaduhan réspon lengkep kana radiasi sareng kémoterapi tiasa ngalaman kambuh kanker dina 20 dugi ka 30 persén kasus nalika malignancy diurus sacara henteu dioperasi.
PD-1 aub dina mékanisme biologis nu leuwih gede katelah "inhibisi checkpoint," nu fungsina salaku switch on / off pikeun sél imun. Salah sahiji daérah ulikan anu paling aktif dina onkologi ayeuna nyaéta nargétkeun PD-1 sareng aspék-aspék anu sanés pikeun ngahambat checkpoint pikeun pengobatan kanker.
"Papanggihan ieu mangrupikeun dasar pikeun optimisme anu ageung," saur Sanoff, "tapi pendekatan sapertos kitu henteu acan tiasa ngagentos pendekatan perawatan kuratif anu tos aya." Panaliti kedah duplikat, anjeunna nambihan.
Anjeunna nyarioskeun ka NPR, "Anu kuring hoyong pisan urang laksanakeun nyaéta kéngingkeun uji coba anu langkung lega dimana ubar ieu dianggo dina populasi anu langkung beragam pikeun mendakan naon anu nyata, tingkat réspon anu leres." "Éta moal saratus persen." Abdi ngarepkeun kuring bakal tiasa nahan létah ngeunaan éta di hareup, tapi kuring ragu. Sareng nalika urang ningali naon tingkat réspon anu leres, kuring yakin urang bakal tiasa ngalakukeun ieu sacara rutin.
