Kansa yepabonde

Chii chinonzi kenza yemazamu?

Ruzivo rwakakosha nezve kenza yemazamu

• Gomarara remazamu nderimwe regomarara remazamu rinonyanya kuitika kumadzimai uye kazhinji kacho kumadzimai ane makore anodarika makumi mashanu. Munyika dzakabudirira pavakadzi vasere vanobatwa gomarara rezamu pane imwe nguva muupenyu hwavo.
• Gomarara repazamu rinokura kubva musero regomarara iro rinokura muruko rwemukaka kana kuti mukaka gland lobule mune rimwe ramazamu.
• Kana iwe ukaona chero bundu kana shanduko kuenda kune rako zamu zamu saka iwe unofanirwa kuona chiremba nekukurumidza.
• Kana gomarara rezamu rikaonekwa richiripo pane mikana yakanaka yekurapwa.

Mhando dzekenza yemazamu

Kakawanda kenza yemazamu yakakamurwa kuva:

• Non-invasive uye carcinoma in situ. 1) Vamwe vanhu vanoonekwa kana masero egomarara achiri mukati me duct/lobule. Aya anonzi carcinoma in situ sezvo pasina maseru egomarara akura kubva panzvimbo yekutanga. 2) Ductal carcinoma in situ / DCIS ndiyo yakajairika mhando yeasina-invasive mhando yegomarara rezamu.
• Invasive Cancer: 1) Mazhinji magomarara emazamu anoonekwa kana bundu rakura kubva mukati megomba kana lobule kupinda mukati mezamu rakatenderedza tishu. Aya anonzi invasive cancer cancer. 2) Invasive cancer cancers zvakare yakakamurwa kune idzo masero egomarara akapinda muropa remunharaunda kana lymphatic midziyo uye iyo isina.

Matanho ekenza yemuzamu

• Izvi hazvitsanangure mhando yegomarara asi zvinotsanangura kuti gomarara rakura zvakadii uye kuti rapararira here.
• Kazhinji pakutanga danho rinowedzera mikana yekurapa.

Gomarara repazamu Zvinokonzera

• Bundu rine kenza rinotangira kubva kune rimwe dumbu remukati uye kuwanda "kunze kwekudzora".
• Chikonzero chaicho nei sero rinova negomarara harina kujeka.

Zvinhu zvinotyisa

Kunyangwe kenza yemazamu inogona kukura pasina chikonzero chakajeka, pane zvimwe "zvine njodzi" izvo zvinowedzera mikana yekuti gomarara rezamu rikure.

Kuchembera: Ngozi yekubatwa negomarara rezamu inopeta zvakapetwa kaviri pamakore gumi ega ega ezera.

Kwaunogara : Mwero wegomarara rezamu unosiyana pakati penyika, pamwe nekuda kwezvakatipoteredza.

Nhoroondo yemhuri : Izvi zvinoreva kana uine hama dzepedyo dzine kana dzakamboita gomarara rezamu.

Kusava nemwana kana kana iwe wakave nemwana wako wekutanga mushure memakore makumi matatu.

Pakutanga nhanho yekutanga nguva.

Kuva nemwedzi pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu.

Kutora HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) kwemakore akati wandei kunotungamira kune yakawedzera njodzi.

Iva nemazamu akawandisa.

Nhoroondo yakapfuura yehumwe hutachiona hwemazamu.

Maitiro ehupenyu : kurovedza muviri kudiki, kufutisa mushure mekuenda kumwedzi, doro rakawandisa.

Nhoroondo yemhuri & kuyedzwa kwemajini

• Zvingangosvika zana nembiri mumakumi maviri ezvirwere zvegomarara rezamu zvinokonzerwa ne'faulty gene' iyo inogona kugarwa nhaka.
• Gomarara remuzamu iro rine chekuita negene rine kukanganisa rinonyanya kubata vanhukadzi vane makore ekuma30 ne40.
• Majini BRCA1 uye BRCA2 ndiwo akajairika akakanganisa majini.
• Kana uine chimwe cheizvi zvinotevera mumhuri yako, ungangoda kuona chiremba wako.
• Hama nhatu dzepedyo dzeropa dzakaita gomarara rezamu kana ovarian chero nguva.
• Hama mbiri dzepedyo dzakagadzira kenza yemazamu kana ovari pazasi pemakore makumi matanhatu.
• Imwe hama yepedyo, iri pasi pemakore makumi mana, yakaita kenza yemazamu.
• Nyaya yegomarara rezamu muhama yechirume.
• Hama ine gomarara mumazamu maviri.

Zviratidzo zvekenza yemuzamu

Izvo zvakajairwa zvekutanga zviratidzo igomba risina pini pazamu.

Cherechedza:

• Mazhinji mapundu emuzamu haana gomarara.
• Mazhinji mapundu emuzamu ane mvura inozadza-cysts kana fibroadenomas, ayo ari akanaka.
• Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchiona chiremba kana bundu richikura sezvo bundu remuzamu ringave rine cancer.

Zvimwe zviratidzo

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kucherechedzwa muzamu rakabatwa zvinosanganisira:

• Shanduko muhukuru kana chimiro chezamu.
• Dimpimg kana kuomesa kweganda pane chikamu chezamu.
• Iyo zamu rinoshandurwa kana kudzoreredzwa.
• Kazhinji, kubuda kubva munyatso kunoitika (Iyo inogona kunge iine ropa).
• Mhando isingawanzoitika yekenza yemazamu inokonzeresa kupomberedza munyatso uyo unogona kutaridzika kunge chidimbu chidiki che eczema.
• Kazhinji, kurwadziwa zamu.

Nzvimbo yekutanga iyo kenza yemazamu inowanzopararira kune iyo lymph node (glands) muhapwa. Kana izvi zvikaitika unogona kukura kuzvimba kana bundu muhapwa. Kana kenza ikapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri ipapo zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinogona kukura.

Kuongororwa kwekenza yemazamu

Kutanga kuongorora 

• Kana iwe ukava nebundu kana zviratidzo zvinogona kuve kenza yemazamu, chiremba anowanzo ongorora mazamu ako nehapwa kuti atarise chero mapundu kana kumwe kuchinja.
• Iwe unowanzoendeswa kune nyanzvi.
• Dzimwe nguva biopsy yebumbu revovoius inorongwa, asi kumwe kuyedzwa kunogona kuitwa kutanga senge:
• Dhijitari Mammogram: Iyi yakakosha x-ray yemazamu tishu iyo inogona kuona shanduko mukuwanda kweyemazamu tishu inogona kuratidza mamota.
• Ultrasound scan yezamu.
• MRI scan yezamu: Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kune vakadzi vadiki, kunyanya avo vane nhoroondo yakasimba yemhuri yekenza yemazamu.

Biopsy yekusimbisa kuongororwa

• Biopsy idiki sampuro yetishu inobviswa kubva muchikamu chemuviri.
• Muenzaniso unoongororwa pasi pe microscope kutsvaga masero asina kujairika.
• Nyanzvi inogona kutora bhiopsy ine tsono inoiswa mubundu uye mamwe maseru anotorwa (FNAC-Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology).
• Dzimwe nguva chiremba anogona kutungamirirwa kuti oisa kupi tsono nerubatsiro rwe mammogram kana ultrasound scan.
• Dzimwe nguva mashandiro madiki anodikanwa kuti uwane muyenzaniso webiopsy.
• Muenzaniso webiopsy unogona kusimbisa kana kutonga kunze gomarara repazamu. Zvakare maseru kubva pabundu anogona kuongororwa uye kuyedzwa kuti aone yavo yegiredhi uye yekugamuchira mamiriro.

Kuongorora kukura uye kupararira (Staging)

• Kana iwe ukasimbiswa kuva nekenza yemazamu, kumwezve kuyedzwa kunogona kudiwa kuti uone kana kwapararira.
• Semuenzaniso, kuongororwa kweropa, kuongorora kweiyo ultrasound kwechiropa, chipfuva, X-ray, kuongorora bhonzo kana mamwe marudzi escan. Kuongorora uku kunodaidzwa kuti 'staging yekenza'.

Chinangwa chekugadzira ndechekutsvaga:

• Iko kukura kwakakura sei, kana kenza yapararira kune lymph node yemuno muhapwa kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri.
• Chikamu chemasero uye chinzvimbo chekugamuchira chegomarara chinobatsira vanachiremba kuraira nezvesarudzo dzakanakisa dzekurapa.

Kurapa kwekenza yemazamu

Nzira dzekurapa dzinogona kutariswa dzinosanganisira kuvhiyiwa, chemotherapy, radiotherapy uye kurapwa kwehomoni. The treatment yakasarudzwa inobva pane:

Kenza pachayo: 

• Kukura kwayo uye nhanho (Kunyangwe yakapararira)
• Mugiredhi wemasero ekenza
• Kunyangwe iri hormone inoteerera kana inoratidza HER2 receptors.

Vakadzi vane gomarara

• Zera rake
• Kunyangwe kana asina
  yakaguma kuenda kumwedzi
• Hutano hwake hwese uye zvaanofarira pakurapwa

Kuvhiya Pamuviri

Mhando yekuvhiya kenza yemazamu inogona kutariswa ndeiyi:

• Chipfuva chinochengetedza kana kuvhiya nhengo yekuchengetedza: Iyi ndiyo sarudzo yezvino uye inowanzo kurudzirwa kana bundu racho risina kunyanya kukura.
• "Lumpectomy" (kana yakafararira yemuno kubviswa) ndeimwe mhando yekuvhiya uko bundu chete uye zvimwe zvakapoteredzwa zamu zvinyama zvinobviswa.
• Zvakajairika kuita radiotherapy mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku
• Izvi zvinotarisira kuuraya chero gomarara maseru akasara munyama yemuzamu.

Kubviswa kwezamu rakakanganiswa (mastectomy)

• Izvi zvinogona kudikanwa kana paine bundu rebundu pakati pechipfuva.
• Kana zvichiwanzogoneka kuve nekuvhiyiwa kwekumwazve kwemazamu kugadzira zamu nyowani zvichitevera mastectomy.
• Izvi zvinogona kazhinji kuitwa panguva imwecheteyo seye mastectomy, kunyangwe ichigonawo kuitwa gare gare.
• Chero kupi kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa, zvakajairika kubvisa imwe kana anopfuura ma lymph nodes int he armpit. Idzi lymph node ndipo panowanzo kenza yemazamu inopararira kune.
• MaLymph node ayo anobviswa anoongororwa pasi peiyo microscope kuti aone kana iine chero maseru ekenza.
• Izvi zvinobatsira kunyatso tarisa chirwere uye zvinobatsira kutungamira nyanzvi kuti ndeapi marapiro ekuraira mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
• Neimwe nzira, sentinel lymph node biopsy inogona kuitwa inova nzira yekutarisa kana ma "lymph node" anodonhedza zamu ane kenza, kana akajeka saka ma "lymph node" aripo muhapwa haazobviswa.

Rediotherapy

• Radiotherapy kurapwa kunoshandisa simba rakawanda matanda emwaranzi inonangana negomarara tishu.
• Izvi zvinouraya cancer maseru kana kumisa cancer maseru kubva kuwanda. Kune kenza yemazamu, radiotherapy inonyanya kushandiswa mukuwedzera pakuvhiya.
• Maitiro matsva e radiotherapy arikushandiswa izvozvi zvinoderedza huturu uye nguva yekurapa.

Kurapwa

• Chemotherapy kurapwa kwegomarara nekushandisa mishonga inorwisa cancer inouraya maseru egomarara, kana kumisa kuwanda.
• Kana chemotherapy ikashandiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa inozivikanwa se 'adjuvant chemotherapy'.
• Chemotherapy dzimwe nguva inopihwa usati wavhiyiwa kudzikisa bundu kuitira kuti kuvhiya kuve nemukana uri nani wekubudirira uye zvakare kuvhiya kudiki kunogona kuitwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se 'neoadjuvant chemotherapy'.
• Mitsva miedzo yemagene iri kuvandudzwa kubatsira vanachiremba kusarudza kuti ndevapi vakadzi vachabatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva pachemotherapy.
• Chemotherapy inogona zvakare kushandiswa kune vamwe vakadzi kurapa gomarara repazamu iro rapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri.

Hormone therapy

• Dzimwe mhando dzekenza yemazamu dzinokanganiswa neyechikadzi kemikari estrogen (uye dzimwe nguva progesterone).
• Aya mahormone anomutsa maseru ekenza kuti apatsanure uye awande
• Marapirwo anoderedza huwandu hweaya mahormone kana kutadzisa iwo kushanda anowanzo shandiswa kune vanhu vane gomarara repazamu.
• Iyi kurapwa kwehomoni inoshanda zvakanyanya mumadzimai ane 'hormone inopindura' kenza yemazamu.
• Hormone kurapwa inosanganisira

Estrogen anovharira 

• Tamoxifen yave ichiwanikwa kwemakore mazhinji uye ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
• Inoshanda nekudzivirira iyo estrogen kubva mukushanda pane maseru. Inowanzo kutorwa kwemakore mashanu.

Aromotase inhibitors

• Iyi ndiyo mishonga inoshanda nekudzivirira kugadzirwa kweestrogen mumatumbu emuviri.
• Ivo anoshandiswa mumadzimai apfuura nemwedzi.

GnRH (Gonadotropin inosunungura mahormone) zvakafanana

• Iyi mishonga inoshanda nekudzora zvakanyanya huwandu hweestrogen yaunogadzira mumazai.
• Vanowanzo kupihwa jekiseni uye inogona kushandiswa kune vakadzi vasati vasvika kumwedzi.

Kenza yemazamu muIndia

• Maererano neGlobocan 2012, India pamwe neUnited States neChina pamwe chete inoverengera chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chepasi rose mutoro wegomarara rezamu. (Study Source)
• India iri kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara nekuda kwe11.54% kuwedzera kwezviitiko uye 13.82% inowedzera mukufa nekuda kwekenza yemazamu panguva ya2008-2012.
• Gomarara repazamu rava gonza rinonyanyozivikanwa mumaguta mazhinji muIndia uye rechipiri rinonyanya kuwanda kumaruwa. (Kwakabva)
• Gomarara rezamu rinoita 25-32% yekenza dzese mumaguta makuru.
• Chirwere chegomarara remazamu chakatora kenza yekutanga pakati pevakadzi vekuIndia vane zera rakagadziriswa chiyero chakakwira se25.8 pa100,000 vakadzi uye kufa 12.7 pa100,000 vakadzi.
• Zera rakagadziriswa chiitiko checarcinoma yechipfuva chakawanikwa chakakwira se41 pavakadzi 100,000 37.9 kuDelhi, ichiteverwa naChennai (34.4), Bangalore (33.7) uye Thiruvananthapuram District (XNUMX).
• Kunze kwezera diki iri rakawanikwa sengozi huru yegomarara rezamu muvakadzi veIndia. Kufungidzira kenza yemazamu kuIndia munguva dzenguva 2020 inoratidza huwandu hwekukwira kusvika 1797900.