Kansa inopisa

Chii chinonzi kenza yehuro?

Gomarara repahuro zvinoreva mapundu egomarara anokura pahuro pako (pharynx), voice box (larynx) kana tonsils.

Huro yako ichubhu ine tsandanyama inotangira kuseri kwemhino yako ichiperera mumutsipa wako. Gomarara repahuro rinowanzotanga mumaseru akati sandarara anogara mukati mehuro yako.

Bhokisi rako rezwi rinogara pazasi pehuro yako uye zvakare rinobatwa negomarara rehuro. Inzwi bhokisi rakagadzirwa neshwashwa uye rine tsinga dzenzwi dzinodedera kuti dzibudise inzwi paunotaura.

Gomarara repahuro rinogona kukanganisawo chidimbu checartilage (epiglottis) chinoita sevhavha yepipepipe yako. Kenza yematonsi, imwe mhando yekenza yehuro, inokanganisa tonsils, iyo iri kumashure kwehuro.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvegomarara repamhuro?

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara remutsipa zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kukosora
• Shanduko muizwi rako, senge huta kana kusataura zvakajeka
• Dambudziko kukumedza
• Nzeve kurwadziwa
• Bundu kana ronda risingarape
• Pahuro panorwadza
• Kuonda

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvegomarara repamhuro?

Throat cancer occurs when cells in your throat develop genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably and continue living after healthy cells would normally die. The accumulating cells can form a tumarara in your throat.

Ndeapi marudzi ekenza yehuro?

Gomarara repahuro ishoko rinoshandiswa kugomarara rinokura pahuro ( pharyngeal cancer ) kana mubhokisi rezwi (laryngeal cancer). Huro nebhokisi rezwi zvakabatana, nebhokisi rezwi riri pazasi pehuro.

Kunyangwe magomarara mazhinji epahuro anosanganisira marudzi mamwe emasero, mazwi chaiwo anoshandiswa kusiyanisa chikamu chehuro pakatangira cancer.

• Nasopharyngeal kenza inotanga nasopharynx - chikamu chehuro yako kuseri kwemhino dzako chete.
• Kenza yeOropharyngeal inotanga mu oropharynx - chikamu chehuro yako chaipo kuseri kwemuromo wako chinosanganisira matoni ako.
• Kenza yehypopharyngeal (kenza yemarara) inotanga mu hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) - chikamu chepazasi chehuro yako, pamusoro pesophagus yako nemhepo yemhepo.
• Glabhic cancer inotanga netambo dzenzwi.
• Supraglottic kenza inotanga muchikamu chepamusoro chekoko uye inosanganisira gomarara rinokanganisa epiglottis, chinova chidimbu chengwena inovharira chikafu kuti chisapinda mupombi yako.
• Gomarara rinonyengera inotanga muchikamu chezasi chezwi rako bhokisi, pazasi pezwi rako tambo.

Ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa zvegomarara repamhuro?

Zviitiko zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekenza yehuro zvinosanganisira:

• Fodya kushandiswa, kusanganisira kuputa uye kutsenga fodya
• Kunwisa doro
• Hutachiona hunopfuudzwa pabonde hunodaidzwa kuti human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Chikafu chinoshaikwa mumichero nemiriwo
• Gastroesophageal reflux chirwere (GERD)

Kenza yehuro inoonekwa sei?

Dzinotevera ndiyo nzira dzekuziva chirwere chekenza yehuro:

• Uchishandisa chiyero kuti unyatso tarisa pahuro yako. Chiremba wako anogona kushandisa yakasarudzika chiyero chiyero (endoscope) kuti unyatso tarisa pahuro yako panguva yechirongwa chinonzi endoscopy. Kamera kadiki panoperera endoscope inotumira mifananidzo kuvhidhiyo vhidhiyo iyo chiremba wako anotarisa zviratidzo zvekusanzwisisika muhuro yako. Imwe mhando yehuremu (laryngoscope) inogona kuiswa mune rako izwi bhokisi. Inoshandisa lens yekukudza kubatsira chiremba wako kuongorora tambo dzako dzenzwi. Iyi nzira inonzi laryngoscopy.
• Kubvisa sampuro yetishu yekuyedza. Kana zvisizvo zvikawanikwa panguva ye endoscopy kana laryngoscopy, chiremba wako anokwanisa kupfuudza zviridzwa zvekuvhiya kuburikidza nehuremu kuti utore sampuro yetishu (biopsy). Muenzaniso unotumirwa murabhoritari kunoongororwa. Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuraira muyenzaniso wekuzvimba lymph node uchishandisa nzira inonzi yakanaka-tsono aspiration.
• Kufungidzira bvunzo. Imaging tests, including X-ray, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), may help your doctor determine the extent of your cancer beyond the surface of your throat or voice box.

Kenza yehuro inorapwa sei?

Sarudzo dzako dzekurapa dzinovakirwa pazvinhu zvakawanda, senzvimbo uye nhanho yekenza yako yehuro, mhando yemaseru anobatanidzwa, hutano hwako hwese, uye zvaunofarira. Kurukurai zvakanakira uye njodzi dzeimwe nesarudzo dzako nachiremba wako. Pamwe chete munogona kuona kuti ndeapi marapirwo anozokodzera imi.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy inoshandisa matanda ane simba rakawanda kubva kunzvimbo dzakadai seX-rays nemaproton kuendesa mwaranzi kumasero egomarara, zvichiita kuti vafe.

Radiation therapy inogona kubva pamuchina muhombe uri kunze kwemuviri wako (external beam radiation), kana kurapa kwemwaranzi kunogona kubva kumbeu diki dzemwaranzi newaya dzinogona kuiswa mukati memuviri wako, pedyo negomarara rako (brachytherapy).

Kumagomarara epahuro ekutanga, kurapwa nemwaranzi kunogona kunge kuri iko kurapwa kunodiwa. Kune mamwe-akawedzera epahuro cancer, radiation therapy inogona kusanganiswa nechemotherapy kana kuvhiyiwa. Mumagomarara epahuro akanyanya, kurapwa neradiation kunogona kushandiswa kuderedza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo uye kuita kuti uwedzere kugadzikana.

Surgery

Mhando dzekuvhiya dzaungatarise kurapa kenza yako yehuro kunoenderana nenzvimbo uye nhanho yekenza yako. Sarudzo dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuvhiya kwekenza-yekutanga gomarara gomarara. Kenza yehuro yakasungirirwa kumusoro kwehuro kana tambo dzenzwi dzinogona kurapwa kurapwa uchishandisa endoscopy. Chiremba wako anogona kuisa endopopu isina huro muhuro yako kana izwi rebhokisi uye wopfuudza chaiwo ekuvhiya maturusi kana laser kuburikidza chiyero. Uchishandisa maturusi aya, chiremba wako anogona kubvisa, kucheka kana, mune iyo laser, vapomhodza zvakanyanya zvegomarara.
• Kuvhiya kubvisa zvese kana chikamu chezwi bhokisi (laryngectomy). Kune mamota madiki, chiremba wako anogona kubvisa chikamu chezwi rako bhokisi iro rinokanganiswa nekenza, richisiya yakawanda yezwi bhokisi sezvinobvira. Chiremba wako anogona kukwanisa kuchengetedza kugona kwako kutaura nekufema zvakajairika, uye kune makuru, akawandisa-mapundu, zvingave zvakakodzera kubvisa izwi rako rese bhokisi. Wepombi yako inozosungirirwa paburi (stoma) muhuro yako kuti ubvumidze kufema (tracheotomy). Kana yako yose dokoriro yabviswa, une sarudzo dzakawanda dzekudzorera kutaura kwako. Iwe unogona kushanda neyekutaura pathologist kuti udzidze kutaura pasina izwi rako bhokisi.
• Kuvhiya kubvisa chikamu chehuro (pharyngectomy). Kanzera diki dzepahuro dzinogona kuda kubvisa chete zvidimbu zvehuro yako panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Zvikamu zvinobviswa zvinogona kuvakwazve kuitira kuti ubvumidze iwe kumedza chikafu zvakajairwa.Kuvhiya kubvisa pahuro kazhinji kunosanganisira kubvisa izwi rako bhokisi zvakare. Chiremba wako anogona kukwanisa kugadzirisa huro yako kuti ikubvumire iwe kumedza chikafu.
• Surgery to remove cancerous lymph nodes (neck dissection). If throat cancer has spread deep within your neck, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove some or all of the lymph nodes to see if they contain cancer cells.

Kuvhiya kunotakura njodzi yekubuda ropa uye hutachiona. Zvimwe zvinogona kunetsa, senge kunetsekana kutaura kana kumedza, zvinoenderana nemaitiro aunosangana nawo.

Kurapwa

Chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kuuraya masero egomarara.

Chemotherapy inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete neradiation therapy mukurapa gomarara repahuro. Mimwe chemotherapy mishonga inoita kuti masero egomarara awedzere kunzwisiswa neradiation therapy. Asi kusanganisa chemotherapy neradiation therapy kunowedzera mhedzisiro yezvese kurapwa.

Kurukura nachiremba wako nezvemhedzisiro yaungango sangana nayo uye kana marapiro akasanganiswa achizopa mabhenefiti anopfuura izvo zvinokonzeresa.

Targeted drug therapy

Mishonga yakanangwa inorapa gomarara repahuro nekutora mukana wekukanganisika mumasero egomarara ayo anowedzera kukura kwemasero.

Semuenzaniso, mushonga Cetuximab (Erbitux) imwe yakanangwa kurapa inotenderwa kurapa gomarara repahuro mune mamwe mamiriro. Cetuximab inomisa kuita kweprotein inowanikwa mumhando dzakawanda dzemasero ane hutano, asi inonyanya kuwanda mune mamwe marudzi ekenza yehuro.

Mimwe mishonga yakanangwa iripo uye yakawanda iri kudzidzwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Mishonga inonangwa inogona kushandiswa yoga kana musanganiswa nechemotherapy kana radiation therapy.

Kuvandudza mushure mekurapa

Kurapa gomarara repahuro kunowanzokonzera matambudziko angada kushanda nenyanzvi kuti uwanezve kugona kumedza, kudya chikafu chakasimba uye kutaura. Munguva uye mushure mekurapa kenza yehuro, chiremba wako anogona kuita kuti iwe utsvage rubatsiro rwe:

• Iko kuchengetwa kwekuvhura kwekuvhiya muhuro yako (stoma) kana iwe uine tracheotomy
• Kudya matambudziko
• Kunyora zvinetso
• Kuomarara uye kurwadziwa mumutsipa wako
• Dambudziko rekutaura