Yekenza yeCancer

Chii chinonzi cancer kenza?

Mumasero ethyroid, ganda rakaita seshavishavi pazasi pemusana wako, pazasi peapuro raAdhamu, gomarara rethyroid rinotanga. Mahomoni anodzora kurova kwemwoyo wako, BP, tembiricha yemuviri uye uremu anoburitswa nethyroid yako.

Gomarara rethyroid rinogona kunge risisakonzeri zviratidzo. Asi zvinogona kukonzera marwadzo uye kuzvimba mumutsipa wako sezvazvinokura. Mhando dzakawanda dzegomarara rethyroid rinoitika. Vamwe vari kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye vamwe vanogona kunge vane hasha. Nekurapwa, marudzi mazhinji egomarara rethyroid anogona kurapika.

Zvinoita sekuti huwandu hwegomarara rethyroid huri kuwedzera. Vamwe vanachiremba vanoti izvi imhaka yokuti ruzivo rwemazuva ano runovabatsira kuona tugomarara twethyroid twaisamboonekwa kare.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvegomarara rekenza?

Kazhinji kenza yetachiona haina kukonzera chero zviratidzo kana zviratidzo pakutanga kwechirwere. Sezvo kenza yehutachiona ichikura, inogona kukonzera:

• Bundu (nodule) iro rinogona kunzwika kuburikidza neganda riri pamutsipa wako
• Shanduko kuzwi rako, kusanganisira kuwedzera hoarseness
• Dambudziko kukumedza
• Marwadzo mumutsipa wako nehuro
• Kuzvimba lymph node mumutsipa wako

Ndeapi marudzi egomarara rekenza?

Kubva pamhando dzemasero aripo mu tumarara, gomarara rethyroid rakakamurwa kuita mafomu. Kana sampuli yetishu kubva kugomarara rako ichidzidzwa pasi pe microscope, fomu rako rinotemwa. Mukusarudza mamiriro uye kufungidzira, rudzi rwekenza yekenza inofungidzirwa.

Mhando dzegomarara rethyroid dzinosanganisira:

• Kenza yepapillary yegomarara: Papillary thyroid kenza, iyo yakajairika mhando yegomarara gomarara, inoitika kubva kune follicular maseru ane uye anochengeta hutachiona mahormone. Panogona kunge paine chirwere chegomarara chepapillary pazera ripi zvaro, asi chinonyanya kubata vanhu vane makore ari pakati pe30 ne50. Papillary thyroid uye follicular thyroid cancer inowanzo kutaurwa pamwe chete navanachiremba seyakasiyana kenza yehutachiona.
• Follicular cancer yekenza: Follicular cancer yekenza inoitikawo kubva kune yehutachiona follicular maseru. Inowanzo bata vanhu vakura kupfuura makore makumi mashanu ekuberekwa. Hurthle cell cancer inzira ye follicular thyroid cancer iyo isingawanzo uye inogona kuwedzera hasha.
• Anaplastic cancer yekenza: Fomu isina kujairika yegomarara rekenza inotanga mumasero e follicular kenza yeaplastic thyroid. Iri kukura nekukurumidza uye yakaoma kubata. Kazhinji, anaplastic cancer yegomarara inowanikwa muvanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira.
• Medullary cancer kenza. Mumasero ethyroid anonzi C masero, anoita kuti hormone calcitonin, medullary thyroid cancer inotanga. Padanho rekutanga, yakakwira calcitonin mu ropa rinogona kuratidza medullary thyroid cancer. Ngozi yekenza yemedullary thyroid inowedzera nemamwe genetic syndromes, kunyangwe iyi hukama hwemajini husingawanzo.
• Dzimwe mhando dzisingawanzo: Utachiona lymphoma, iyo inotanga mumasero ezvirwere zveganda rethyroid, uye thyroid sarcoma, iyo inotangira mumaseru akabatanidzwa ethyroid, mamwe marudzi ekenza asingawanzoitiki anotanga muthyroid.

Ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa zvegomarara rekenza?

Zviitiko zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yehutachiona zvinosanganisira:

• Zvepabonde pabonde: Zvimwe zvakajairika muvakadzi zvino varume.
• Kujekesa kumatunhu akakwirira emwaranzi. Radiation therapy kurapwa kune musoro nemutsipa zvinowedzera njodzi yekenza yethyroid.
• Dzimwe dzakagara nhaka magene syndromes: Mhuri medullary cancer yekenza, yakawanda endocrine neoplasia, Cowden's syndrome uye yemhuri adenomatous polyposis inosanganisira magene syndromes anowedzera njodzi yekenza yehutachiona.

kuongorora chirwere

Kuyedza uye maitiro anoshandiswa kuongorora chirwere chegomarara anosanganisira:

• Kuongorora kwepanyama: Kuti unzwe kushanduka mumuviri muhutachiona hwako, senge matinji ehutachiona, chiremba wako anoongorora huro yako. Iye kana iye anogona zvakare kubvunza nezve njodzi njodzi kwauri, senge yapfuura kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi uye nhoroondo yemhuri yehutachiona mamota.
• Ropa bvunzo: Kuongororwa kweropa kunobatsira kuona kana gland yeglandi iri kushanda zvakajairika.
• Ultrasound imaging: Kuti ubudise zvinomiririra zvemamiriro emuviri, Ultrasound inoshandisa mafungu epamusoro-frequency kurira. Iyo ultrasound transducer inoiswa pamutsipa wako wezasi kuti ubudise mufananidzo weiyo thyroid. Iko kuvapo kweiyo ultrasound utachiona kunoita kuti chiremba wako asarudze kana zvichikwanisika kuti utachiona nodule isiri yekenza (benign) kana kana paine mukana wekuti inogona kunge iri cancer.
• Kubvisa muyenzaniso wetachiona tishu. Chiremba wako anonamira tsono refu refu yakatetepa kuburikidza neganda uye nehutachiona nodule panguva yakanaka-tsono yekushuvira biopsy. Ultrasound imaging inowanzo shandiswa kutungamira iyo tsono kuburikidza ne nodule nemazvo. Tsono yacho inoshandiswa nachiremba wako kuti abudise masampuli ehutu hwehutachiona. Mu laboratori, sampuro inoongororwa kutarisa masero ekenza.
• Mimwe miedzo yekufungidzira: Kuti ubatsire chiremba wako kuti asarudze kana gomarara rapararira kupfuura thyroid, unogona kuita imwe kana kupfuura yekufungidzira bvunzo. CT, MRI uye nyukireya imaging bvunzo dzinoshandisa radioactive sosi yeiodine inogona kusanganisira bvunzo dzekufungidzira.
• Genetic kuyedza: Genetic changes iyo inogona kuve yakabatana nemamwe endocrine cancer inogona kuitika mune vamwe vanhu vane medullary cancer kenza. Nhoroondo yemhuri yako inogona kukurudzira chiremba wako kuti atsvage majini anowedzera kenza yako nenjodzi nekurudzira kuongororwa kwemajini.

dziviriro

Iko hakuna kujeka njodzi zvinhu kune vazhinji vanhu vane cancer yegomarara, asi kazhinji zviitiko zvechirwere izvi hazvigone kudzivirirwa. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuitisa genetiki kuyedza kutsvaga kwemajini kuchinjika mune inhaka medullary thyroid kenza (MTC). Nekuda kweizvi, nekubvisa iyo yegland gland, mazhinji emhuri zviitiko zveMTC zvinogona kudzivirirwa kana kubatwa nekukurumidza. Dzimwe dzese dzemhuri dzinogona kuongororwa geni rakachinjika kudzamara chirwere ichi chawanikwa mumhuri.

Turmeric inoratidzika kuva nemigumisiro inobatsira pakudzivirira kenza yekenza. 

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa mukenza yetachiona?

Surgery

Kubvisa thyroid, vanhu vakawanda vane gomarara rethyroid vanovhiyiwa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwegomarara rethyroid, ukuru hwegomarara, kana gomarara rapararira kupfuura thyroid uye zvabuda paultrasound scan yethyroid gland rose, kuvhiyiwa kwapi kunganzi nachiremba wako.

Mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa cancer yegomarara inosanganisira:

• Kubvisa zvese kana zvakawanda zveiyo thyroid (thyroidectomy): Kubviswa kwese matishu eurosi (akazara thyroidectomy) kana mazhinji ehutachiona zvinyoro zvingangoda kuvhiyiwa kubvisa iyo yegland gland (padhuze-yakazara thyroidectomy). Kuti uderedze njodzi yekukuvara kune iyo parathyroid gland, iyo inobatsira kudzora huwandu hwecalcium muropa rako, chiremba anovhiya zvakare anosiya madiki marimu ehutachiona matishu akakomberedza maronda eparathyroid.
• Kubvisa chikamu chetachiona (thyroid lobectomy): Chiremba anovhiya anotora hafu yeiyo thyroid panguva yehutachiona lobectomy. Kana iwe uine kenza inokura inononoka kukura mune imwe nharaunda yetiyosi uye isina mahunhu asina kujairika mune zvimwe zvikamu zveiyo thyroid, zvinogona kutaurwa.
• Kubvisa lymph node mumutsipa (lymph node dissection): Chiremba anovhiya anogona zvakare kubvisa lymph node dziri pedyo mumutsipa paanotora utachiona. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuongorora izvi kune zviratidzo zvegomarara.

Kuvhiyiwa kwethyroid kune ngozi yekubuda ropa uye kutapukirwa. Munguva yekuvhiyiwa, kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zvako zveparathyroid zvinogonawo kuitika, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune yakaderera calcium mazinga mumuviri wako.

Panewo mukana wekuti mushure mekuvhiyiwa, tsinga dzakasungirirwa pamiromo haigoni kushanda zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuoma mitezo yezwi, kurira, kuchinja kwekutaura kana kuoma kwekufema. Kurapa kunogona kuwedzera matambudziko etsinga kana kuadzosera.

Utachiona hwehomoni

Unogona kutora thyroid hormone drug levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Synthroid, vamwe kwehupenyu hwose mushure mekutambisa utachiona.

Mushonga uyu une zvakanakira zviviri: unopa iyo inoshaikwa yehomoni iyo thyroid yako inowanzo gadzira uye inodzvanya kugadzirwa kwepituitary gland yako yethyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Sezvingabvira, yakakwira TSH mazinga anogona kukurudzira chero asara maseru ekenza kuti awedzere.

Iodine ine radioactive

Kurapa neradioactive iodine kunoda madosi makuru eradioactive source yeiodine.

Kuti uuraye chero yakasara ine hutano matishu ehuroyi, pamwe nenzvimbo dzisingaonekwi dzegomarara rethyroid dzisina kubviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa, radioactive iodine therapy inoshandiswawo mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Gomarara rethyroid rinodzoka mushure mekurapwa kana kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri rinogona kurapwa neradioactive iodine.

Kurapa neradioactive iodine kunouya secapsule kana mvura yaunomedza. Masero egomarara rethyroid uye masero egomarara rethyroid anonyanya kutora iodine yeradioactive, asi pane mukana wakaderera wekuti mamwe masero ari mumuviri akuvadzwe.

Migumisiro inogona kusanganisira:

• Dry mouth
• Muromo unorwadza
• Kuvhiringidza kwemaziso
• Akachinja pfungwa yekuravira kana kunhuwidza
• Kuneta

Mumazuva mashoma ekutanga mushure mekurapwa, iyo yakawanda yeredhiyo ine radioactive inobuda mumuviri wako weti yako. Kuchengetedza vamwe vanhu kubva kumwaranzi, iwe unozopihwa mirairo yekuzvidzivirira iwe yaunofanirwa kutora panguva iyoyo. Iwe unogona kubvunzwa, semuenzaniso, kudzivirira kwechinguva kushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu, kunyanya vana uye vakadzi vane nhumbu.

External radiation kurapwa

Radiation therapy inogona zvakare kuitwa kunze uchishandisa sisitimu inonangana nepamusoro-simba matanda panzvimbo dzakati dzemuviri, senge X-rays uye protons (kunze beam radiation therapy). Iwe unorara uchiri patafura panguva yekurapa apo komputa inoshanda yakakukomberedza.

Kana kuvhiyiwa isiri sarudzo uye gomarara richiramba richikura mushure mekurapwa kweradioactive iodine, kunze kwebeam radiation therapy inogona kukurudzirwa. Kana paine mukana wakakwira wekuti gomarara ridzoke, kurapwa nemwaranzi kunogona zvakare kurongerwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Chemotherapy mukenza yekenza

Chemotherapy mushonga unoparadza masero egomarara uchishandisa makemikari. Kazhinji, chemotherapy inopihwa kuburikidza netsinga senge infusion. Makemikari anofamba mumuviri wako wese, achiuraya maseru, kusanganisira masero egomarara, anokura nekukurumidza.

Mukurapa kenza yekenza, chemotherapy haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyangwe inowanzonyorerwa vanhu vane anaplastic thyroid cancer. Zvinogona kudikanwa kusanganisa chemotherapy neradiation therapy.

Targeted drug therapy

Mishonga inonangwa yekurapa inonangana nekumwe kuchinja mukati memasero egomarara aripo. Mishonga yakanangwa yemishonga inogona kukonzera kuti maseru egomarara afe nekuvharisa izvi zvisirizvo.

Targeted thyroid cancer drug therapy inotaura zviratidzo zvinoudza cancer maseru kuti akure nekupatsanura. Kazhinji, inoshandiswa kune yakakura thyroid cancer.

Kubaya jekiseni doro mumakenza

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekumira kwakakodzera kwejekiseni, kunwa doro kunosanganisira kujekesa kanzuru diki yekenza nedoro uchishandisa imaging senge ultrasound. Mushonga uyu unokonzeresa kuti kanzuru dzehutachiona dzidzikire. Kana kenza yako iri diki kwazvo, uye kuvhiya isiri sarudzo, kunwisa doro kunogona kunge kuri sarudzo. Inowanzo shandiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kurapa cancer iyo inowedzerazve mune lymph node.