May 2023: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative development in the field of individualized cancer therapy. The patient’s own T-cells are genetically modified during the manufacturing process to express a synthetic receptor that binds to a tumour antigen. The patient’s body is then infused with CAR T-cells that have been grown for clinical usage and are ready to fight cancer cells. Even though CAR T-cell therapy is regarded as a significant advancement in cancer immunotherapy, it is not without drawbacks.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy is a ground-breaking component in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Six CAR T-cell therapies have currently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) (axicabtagene ciloleucel, brexucabtagene autoleucel, idecabtagene vicleucel, lisocabtagene maraleucel, tisagenlecleucel, and ciltacabtagene autoleucel), but only one (tisa-cel) is offered in Korea. In this study, we talk about the difficulties and obstacles that CAR T-cell treatment is now facing in Korea, such as the difficulties with patient accessibility, cost, and reimbursement.
Muna 2021, mabhizinesi mazhinji ekuKorea akasvetukira mukuvandudza kweCAR-T marapirwo. Vemaindasitiri vanoti makambani emuno ebiopharmaceutical ari kufara nemvumo yemuno yeNovartis' CAR-T therapy (ingredient: tisagenlecleucel).
Nekuunza chimeric antigen receptors mumasero et immunological T, CAR-T therapy imhando yesero therapy inonangana nekenza maseru. Iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi "chishamiso chinorwisa cancer mushonga" nekuda kweyero yemhinduro inoshamisa.
Kugadzirwa kwayo ibasa rakaoma rinosanganisira kuunganidza masero eT emurwere kuchipatara uye kuarima munzvimbo inotevera maitiro akanaka ekugadzira (GMP).
CAR T-Cell kugadzira uye kutonga maitiro
Tisa-cel, iyo yega ine rezinesi rekutengesa CAR T-cell chigadzirwa muKorea, ndeye autologous yakasarudzika cellular therapy inoda mashandiro eleukapheresis isati yapihwa T-sero kubva kumurwere. Kugadzirwa kwemasero aya kunozopihwa kune marezinesi ekugadzira zvivakwa (mune mamwe mahemispheres). Zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvinotumirwa kuzvipatara kuti murwere apinzwe mushure mekugadzira uye kuongororwa kwemhando [2]. Varwere vanotarisana nechipingamupinyi chikuru nekuda kwemaitiro ekutonga uye kuoma kweCAR T-cell kugadzira. Zvishoma zvekugadzira slots zvinogona kudzivirira kuitwa kweanotevera maitiro sezvo kugadzirwa kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekushanda kwevagadziri, nepo kukanganiswa kweketani dzimwe nguva kuchikonzera kunonoka kusingatarisirwe.
Kusavapo kweanotenderwa CAR T-sero nzvimbo dzekurapwa ichiri imwe nyaya yakakosha nekuwanikwa kwemurwere. CAR T-sero kurapwa kwave kutoshandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda nekuti inoda nhamba huru yenyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi uye chivakwa chakavimbika [3]. Pane kudiwa kwenzvimbo yevanorwara zvakanyanya, nzvimbo yeleukapheresis, nzvimbo yekuchengetera sero yakakwana, yakarongeka yekiriniki unit ine maprotocol akatsanangurwa ekutarisa nekugadzirisa varwere vari kukura matambudziko akanyanya, uye kiriniki yekiriniki ine nzvimbo dzebasa dzakarongeka. Hematologists, vakazvipira vakakomba mishonga nyanzvi, neurologists, uye vanamukoti vakadzidziswa vanogara vachidikanwa maererano nevashandi vekurapa. Korea Ministry yeChikafu neDrug Safety inofanirawo kuongorora nzvimbo dzese dziri kuronga kupa CAR T-cell therapy zvinoenderana ne "chiito chekuchengetedza uye tsigiro yemushonga wepamusoro wekuvandudza uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvebiology" uye "mutemo wekutevedzwa kwechiitiko pa kuchengetedzeka uye kutsigirwa kwemishonga yekuvandudza yemhando yepamusoro uye zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvebiologic ”[4]. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Seoul iri kumba kune ruzhinji rweKorea T-cell therapy zvivakwa, zvichiwedzera kune izvo zvagara zviripo.
Mutengo wakakwira & CAR T-Cell kurapwa kugadzirwa muKorea
Kudhura kwemishonga inogadzirwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda emishonga inoita kuti zviomere varwere vekuKorea kuuwana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhizinesi ekuKorea akagadzira uye nekuisa marapirwo eCAR-T mukuyedza kugadzirisa nyaya idzi. Mabhizinesi mazhinji akatanga kugadzira marapirwo eCAR-T kana kuzivisa chinangwa chawo chekudaro, anosanganisira Curocell, Abclon, GC Cell, Ticaros, Helixmith, Toolgen, Cllengene, Eutilex, uye Vaxcell Bio.
Sekambani yekutanga yekuKorea kutanga kuyedza kurapwa kweCAR-T muKorea, Curocell akagamuchira mvumo kubva kubazi reChikafu nekuchengetedzwa kwezvinodhaka muna Kukadzi yechikamu chekutanga chekiriniki yeCRC1, mumiriri weCAR-T wekurapwa.
The company has used its unique technology known as “overcome immune suppression” to develop CRC01, a CD19 CAR-T therapy that inhibits the expression of immune checkpoint receptors, PD-1 and TIGIT.
Following the recruitment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who had relapsed or been refractory after two or more rounds of systemic chemotherapy, the company is currently carrying out the trials at Samsung Medical Centre. The company Curocell, which started the treatment in April, recently stoked anticipation by releasing the preliminary findings of its phase 1 lowest dose cohort data.
At101 inhengo yeCD19 CAR-T yekurapa, uye Abclon vakanga vatumira chikumbiro chavo chemushonga mutsva chemushonga wechikamu chekutanga muna Chikumi. Varwere vane kudzokazve kana kuramba B-cell isiri Hodgkin's lymphoma ndivo vanhu vanotariswa nekambani.
Vatongi havasati vapa mubatanidzwa kuenda, zvakadaro. GC Cell inotarisira kuvandudza kurapwa kwayo kweCAR-T muUnited States, kusiyana neCurocell naAbclon.
Kuburikidza neNovacel, inotarisira kuita muyedzo wekiriniki yemesothelin-chaiyo CAR-T kurapwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kambani inoda kubata yakasimba cancers.
Zvipatara zvakakura zveyunivhesiti zvakatanga kutsvagisa kurapwa kweCAR-T uye vari kugadzirira kumisikidza zvivakwa zvine hukama, saka kufarira muCAR-T kurapwa hakungogumiri kumabhizinesi.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yeCAR-T yekurapa masero munyika yakatanga muna Kubvumbi paSamsung Medical Center. Chipatara cheSeoul St. Mary's neEutilex vakanyorera MOU munaGunyana kuti vashande pamwechete kugadzira CAR-T therapy.
Additionally, earlier this month the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the Ministry of Health and Welfare gave Seoul National University Hospital their blessing for a clinical trial of CAR-T therapy for paediatric patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
