Ciwon daji is ciwon daji hakan yana faruwa a inchesan inci na ƙarshe na cikin hanji. Wannan yanki ana kiransa dubura. The main treatment for rectal cancer is surgery. Depending on the progress of the cancer, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be accepted. If rectal cancer occurs early, the long-term survival rate is about 85% to 90%. If rectal cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, the number of generation rates will drop sharply.
Yawancin cututtukan daji na dubura suna farawa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ake kira polyps, waɗanda sune ci gaban ƙwayoyin da ba na cutar kansa ba. Bayan an cire polyps, ana iya kiyaye kansar dubura. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa binciken kansar kansa na lokaci-lokaci don ciwon ciki yana da mahimmanci. Sharuɗɗan rigakafin kansar hanji galibi suna ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a fara binciken cikin hanji tun yana ɗan shekara 50. Idan kana da wasu abubuwan haɗari, kamar su tarihin iyali na ciwon sankarar hanji, likitan ka na iya bayar da shawarar a yawaita ko a baya a duba kansar ta hanji.
Yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarar dubura ba su da alamun alamu a farkon matakan cutar. Alamomi a cikin matakai na gaba na iya haɗawa da zubar dubura (galibi mai haske ne), wanda aka yi kuskuren zubar basur; canje-canje a cikin hanji hanji; rashin jin daɗin ciki; ciwon dubura; Jin saurin yin gaba da gaba.
Marasa lafiya yakamata su fara tantance dalilin zubar jini ta dubura. Mutane da yawa na iya danganta zub da jini ta dubura ga cututtukan gama-gari kamar su basur, amma sai dai idan ba ka da wata cuta ta baya-bayan nan, ya kamata a yi binciken likita da wuri-wuri don a kawar da kasancewar kwayar cutar polyps ko ta kansar dubura Don yin wannan, likita zai saka mai yatsa, mai yatsan hannu a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren duburar don bincika duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin duburar.
After the doctor finds the abnormality, in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the degree of cancer progression, other tests can also be performed. Colonoscopy allows doctors to view the entire colon, and can remove polyps or tissue samples for biopsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan or X-ray can determine whether the cancer has spread. Other tests, such as endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help determine whether the cancer has penetrated beyond the rectum and whether lymph nodes are involved.
Akwai dalilai da yawa wadanda suka shafi shirin maganin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar sankarau. Idan ƙari ba ya girma ta bangon dubura kuma ƙwayoyin lymph ba su shafa ba, to ana ɗaukar kansar da wuri (matakin I). Ciwon da ya mamaye ko wucewa kadan ta bangon dubura amma bai bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph ba mataki ne na II. Idan ya shafi ƙwayoyin lymph, to mataki na III ne. Ciwon daji da ya bazu zuwa wasu yankuna shine mataki na huɗu.
Yin aikin tiyata shine magani mafi mahimmanci ga duk matakan kansar dubura. Nau'in tiyata an tantance ta wurin wurin da kumburin yake kuma ya haɗa da cire zoben tsoka (mai tsinkayen ajiki) a ƙarshen dubura.
Ga cututtukan daji da ke tsirowa daga dubura ko shiga cikin dubura, likitan likita ya ba da shawarar cire dubura da ke kusa da kansar don cire ƙananan ciwon kansa, da cire gefunan ƙwanan nan na ƙoshin lafiya da ke kusa da kansa da kuma cire ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa.
Idan za ta yiwu, likita ya sake hade sauran sassan lafiya na dubura da hanji. Idan ba za a iya sake haɗawa ba, yana iya zama dole don ƙirƙirar buɗewar dindindin (ostomy) ta bangon ciki daga wani ɓangaren sauran hanjin da ya rage. Wannan ana kiran sa colostomy.
Baya ga tiyata, yawanci ciwon daji na dubura da ke cikin gida yawanci ana kula da shi ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana da kuma maganin ƙwaƙwalwa. Lokacin da ciwon daji ya bazu zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph da ke kusa ko ya girma ta bangon dubura, ana amfani da chemotherapy da kuma kulawar radiation sau da yawa.
Idan cutar kansa bata yadu zuwa sauran sassan jiki ba, yawanci ana yin chemotherapy da radiation kafin ayi aikin tiyata don rage tumbin kuma kara yiwuwar kawar da ciwace-ciwacen. Kullum ana ba da shawarar a hada maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da rediyo don mataki na II da na III na ciwon daji na dubura kafin a yi tiyata, kuma ana yin ƙarin maganin ƙwaƙwalwar bayan tiyata.
Dangane da tsananin cutar kansa ta dubura, yakamata marasa lafiya su tuntuɓi likitanka lokacin da alamomin farko suka fara faruwa, musamman zubar jini ta dubura, canje-canje a girman ɗaka ko halaye, ko rashin jin daɗin ciwan dubura.
-Robert Cima, MD, ciwon hanji & Gyara kwanciya, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
