Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a duk duniya suna haɓaka sabbin rigakafin rigakafin ɗan adam, gami da nau'ikan rigakafin cutar kansa da na warkewa. Danna don cikakkun bayanai: Hasken bege don kawo karshen ciwon daji-2019 na duniya na sabuwar rigakafin ciwon daji! (Rufe manyan cututtukan daji guda shida).
Immune cells (pink and red) attack tumo cells (blue) that produce new antigens (blue and orange). Vaccines can help train immune cells to recognize new antigens.
Recently, scientists have developed a vaccine that can destroy the mutant cells made by Lynch syndrome (Lynch) DNA in mice, and may one day prevent people with the genetic disease Lynch syndrome from developing maganin ciwon daji.
Binciken ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin ƙirar linzamin Lynch (Lynch), alurar riga kafi tare da ɗan kaɗan kamar huɗu antigens na iya samar da amsa takamaiman antigen, rage ƙwayar hanji, da inganta rayuwa.
According to the data provided by the recent AACR annual meeting, this pre-human study shows that it is possible to develop a vaccine to prevent cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome.
Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta-Lynch ciwo
Lynch syndrome, commonly referred to as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an inherited disease that may be caused by mutations in genes inherited from parents to children and increases the risk of many types of cancer , Including colon cancer, endometrial cancer, ciwon daji na ovarian, gastric cancer, small intestine cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Especially ciwon daji and rectal cancer. People with Lynch syndrome have a 70% to 80% risk of colorectal cancer.
A cikin Amurka, ana samun kusan sababin mutane 140,000 na cutar kansa da ke cikin kowace shekara. Kimanin 3% zuwa 5% na waɗannan cututtukan na Lynch syndrome ne ke haifar da su.
Allurar rigakafin rigakafin cutar Lynch
A halin yanzu, marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar Lynch na iya guje wa cutar kansar launin fata ta hanyar dubawa da rigakafi akai-akai. An kuma nuna aspirin da ba shi da ƙarfi a gwaje-gwajen asibiti don rage haɗarin cutar kansar launin fata.
Kuma allurar rigakafi na iya samar da wata, hanya mafi inganci don dakatar da ci gaban cutar kansa.
Kwanan nan, masu bincike sun dauki muhimmin mataki wajen samar da alluran rigakafin don hana kamuwa da cutar mai saurin kamuwa da cutar kansa, Lynch syndrome (Lynch).
Masana kimiyya karkashin jagorancin Steven Cornkin, MD, na Weill Cornell, sun ba da rahoton sakamakon gwajin rigakafin cutar kansa da ta bayar ta hanyar NCI a taron shekara-shekara na Americanungiyar forungiyar Baƙi ta Amurka don Binciken Cancer. Idan aka kwatanta da berayen da ba a yiwa allurar rigakafi ba, wannan allurar ta hana ci gaban ciwace-ciwacen fata da kuma faɗaɗa rayuwar beraye a cikin ƙirar linzamin Lynch.
Babban mai binciken, Dokta Lipkin, da mataimakin shugaban bincike a Ma'aikatar Magunguna a New York, suna shirin gano neoantigens gama gari da ke faruwa a farkon ciwace-ciwacen hanji a cikin marasa lafiya da cutar Lynch. Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Sankara ta Kasa (NCI) ce ta dauki nauyin gudanar da aikin ta hanyar shirin "Binciken Bincike Kan Wata" cibiyar sauyin rigakafi game da cutar kanjamau.
Dr. Lipkin ya yi nuni da cewa idan har gwaji na dan adam na rigakafin rigakafin cutar kansa ya samu ci gaba, zai dauki shekaru da dama kafin a tabbatar ko yana da tasiri.
A lokaci guda, ƙungiyarsa tana amfani da samfurin linzamin kwamfuta don ƙarin fahimtar yadda allurar rigakafin ke aiki da kuma yadda ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da ke girma suke tsayayya da tasirinsa.
Gano yawancin maye gurbi a cikin cutar sankara ta Lynch
Ciwon Lynch ya samo asali ne daga maye gurbi na gado, wanda zai iya hana gyaran kurakuran DNA da ke faruwa yayin rabewar sel. Ire-iren wadannan kurakurai ana kiransu rashin dacewar gyara nakasassu.
Wannan kamar rashin amfani da mai duba sihiri na DNA. Idan ba tare da wannan kariya ba, kurakuran DNA zasu taru a cikin ƙwayoyin kuma daga ƙarshe zai iya haifar da cutar kansa.
Shortananan gajeran DNA da ake kira microsatellites sun fi dacewa da rashin daidaituwa na DNA. Tumurai tare da gyare-gyaren rashin daidaituwa a ƙarshe zasu tara canje-canje a cikin waɗannan microsatellites. Wannan yanayin ana kiransa rashin zaman lafiyar microsatellite.
Microsatellite ciwace-ciwace na iya haifar da sabbin sunadarai, wanda ake kira sabbin antigens, waɗanda baƙon abubuwa ne ga jiki kuma suna iya haifar da tsarin garkuwar jiki don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin da ke yin waɗannan sunadarai.
A sakamakon haka, masu binciken sun sami mahimman bayanai. Tumoshin da aka kafa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Lynch galibi suna da canje-canje iri iri na microsatellite, kamar a cikin kashi 60% zuwa 80% na mutanen da ke fama da cutar sankarau wanda ke da nakasun gyara ba daidai ba. Za a sami takamaiman maye gurbi na tauraron dan adam a cikin jigidar TGFBR2.
Haɓakawa da haɓaka maganin alurar riga kafi
A cikin 2011, masu bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Cancer ta Kasa da ke Heidelberg, Jamus, sun fara gwajin asibiti na sababbin maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sankara kai tsaye. Wadannan marasa lafiya suna da rashin zaman lafiya na microsatellite.
Da farko dai, masana kimiyya sun binciko DNA daga ciwace-ciwacen launi guda 32 da aka samo a cikin ƙirar linzamin Lynch kuma suka gano maye gurbi iri iri 13.
Daga nan sai masu binciken suka yi amfani da wani algorithm don hango ko wane irin maye gurbi zai samar da wasu sabbin antigens, kuma daga karshe suka gano nau'ikan 10. Lokacin da suka yi wannan allurar antigens 10 guda XNUMX a cikin beraye, hudu daga cikinsu sun haifar da karfin garkuwar jiki.
Wadannan sabbin antigens din guda hudu an hada su don samar da allurar rigakafin bera. Sun gano cewa amfani da alluran rigakafi da adjuvants a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta na cutar Lynch na iya rage ci gaban ciwace ciwace ciwone da tsawan rayuwa.
"Wannan shi ne ɗayan farkon rigakafin rigakafin rigakafin cutar kansa ta amfani da sababbin antigens waɗanda za a iya ƙirƙirawa ta lamuran gyara rashin daidaiton DNA," in ji Dokta Umar.
Na gaba, masu binciken sun yanke shawarar ko hada allurar rigakafin tare da wasu magunguna na iya inganta ingancinta. Misali, Naprosyn, maganin cutar da ake yawan amfani da shi, an nuna shi ya fi asfirin ko sarrafawa a rage ci gaban ciwukan ciwukan ciki a cikin siran linzamin kwamfuta. Naproxen yana da alama yana inganta ingancin allurar. Berayen da aka yi wa maganin rigakafi tare da naproxen sun rayu fiye da yadda aka yi wa beraye rigakafi shi kaɗai ko allurar rigakafin asfirin. Kwayoyin rigakafi a cikin allurar rigakafin tare da naproxen sun fi iya gane sabon maganin rigakafi fiye da beraye a cikin allurar kadai ko allurar rigakafi tare da ƙungiyar aspirin.
Kammalawa
Mutanen da ke fama da cutar Lynch za su zama 'yan takara don rigakafin rigakafin cutar kansa, Idan an haɓaka.
Jagororin NCCN na yanzu suna ba da shawarar gwajin rashin kwanciyar hankali na microsatellite ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon daji da ciwon daji na endometrial. Idan gwajin ciwon daji na mai haƙuri yana da kyau ga rashin zaman lafiya na microsatellite, ana bada shawara cewa a gwada shi don ciwo na Lynch. Idan an gano shi a matsayin ciwo na Lynch, ana bada shawara don gwada dangi na farko na masu haƙuri don hana shi daga faruwa.
An ba da shawarar cewa za a iya bincika ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari masu haɗari don ƙwayoyin halittu masu saurin saurin kumburi. Don takamaiman nau'ikan nunawa, da fatan za a tuntuɓi Sashin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Oncologist Network (400-666-7998), kuma zaɓi bisa ga tarihin rayuwar mutum da abubuwan haɗari:
- Ciwon kwayar cutar kanjamau mai saurin saurin kwayar halitta (jimillar kwayoyin 139):
- Yana rufe kwayoyin 139 a cikin kwayar halittar dan adam wadanda suke da nasaba da kwayoyin cutar kansar, wadanda suka hada da nau'ikan cutar kansa 20 da kuma nau'ikan 70 na cututtukan cututtukan da suka shafi kansa
- Testwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta (23 ta al'ada):
- Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan cutar kansa mai haɗari da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cuta guda 8
- Gwajin kwayar cutar kanjamau mai saurin saurin kamuwa (kwayoyin 18 ga mata):
- Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 3 na cututtukan mata masu haɗari da nau'ikan nau'ikan 5 na alaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta
- Ciwon kwayar cutar kanjamau mai saurin saurin yaduwar kwayoyin halitta (kwayoyin 17 a bangaren narkewa):
- Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayar narkewa mai haɗari 5 da nau'ikan nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da 8
- Ciwon daji na nono + breast cancer: BRCA1 / 2 gene
- Canrectal cancer: 17 kwayoyin halitta
- Duk ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi: 44 genes
