Maganin ciwon daji
Yi wa kanku allurar rigakafin ciwon daji yanzu.
A maganin ciwon daji wani sabon nau'in magani ne da ke amfani da tsarin garkuwar jiki don kokarin gujewa ko magance cutar daji. Maganin ciwon daji ya bambanta da sauran alluran rigakafin saboda ba sa kariya daga cututtuka. Maimakon haka, suna haifar da tsarin rigakafi don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin tumo. Ana iya haɗa su zuwa manyan nau'ikan guda biyu: rigakafi da warkewa. Rigakafin rigakafi na taimakawa wajen dakatar da cutar kansa daga faruwa ta hanyar kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cutar kansa. Magungunan rigakafi suna taimakawa wajen magance ciwon daji ta hanyar sa tsarin rigakafi ya fi dacewa da ganewa da kuma kai hari ga kwayoyin cutar kansa. Wadannan alluran rigakafin da ke ba wa mutane fatan makoma wanda adadin kansa ya ragu kuma adadin tsira ya karu. Suna kuma buɗe sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa da kuma kawar da cutar kansa.
Menene maganin cutar kansa?
Maganin ciwon daji wata sabuwar hanya ce ta likita wacce ke amfani da tsarin garkuwar jiki don yakar cutar kansa. Maganin ciwon daji ya bambanta da sauran alluran rigakafin saboda ba sa kariya daga cututtuka masu yaduwa. Maimakon haka, suna aiki ta hanyar samun tsarin rigakafi don kai hari ga kwayoyin cutar kansa. Babban makasudin rigakafin cutar kansa shine ko dai a daina kamuwa da cutar kansa ko kuma a magance cutar kansa da ta fara. Ana yin haka ta hanyar sa tsarin rigakafi ya fi dacewa don ganowa da kuma yakar kwayoyin cutar daji.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan rigakafin cutar kansa guda biyu: waɗanda ke guje wa cutar kansa da waɗanda ke magance cutar kansa. Alurar riga kafi da ke hana ciwon daji suna ƙoƙarin kare kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu abubuwan da za su iya haifar da ciwon daji ko kuma su kara muni. A gefe guda kuma, ana nufin magungunan warkewa don magance cututtukan da ke akwai ta hanyar koyar da tsarin rigakafi don ganewa da kuma kai hari kan takamaiman sunadaran ƙwayoyin cuta.
Duk da cewa allurar rigakafin ciwon daji na da fa'ida mai yawa, haɓakarsu da nasararsu sun dogara ne akan nau'in ciwon daji da ake yaƙi da kuma yadda tsarin garkuwar jikin kowane mutum zai yi. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da nazarin ilimin rigakafi kuma ana samun ci gaba, wanda ke ba mu fatan samun ƙarin ci gaba a yaƙi da cutar kansa ta hanyar alluran rigakafi.
Tumor antigens wasu sunadaran sunadaran da ƙwayoyin kansa suka yi waɗanda suka canza kwayoyin halittarsu. Yawancin su suna kama da sunadaran sunadaran al'ada, don haka tsarin rigakafi ba zai iya raba su ba. Yawancin alluran rigakafin ciwon daji suna dogara ne akan antigen tumor guda ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke amfani da lysates ƙari ko peptides don kafa maganin rigakafin su akan antigen fiye da ɗaya. Neoantigens, wadanda sabbin antigens ne da aka yi daga sauye-sauyen ciwace-ciwacen daji kuma bisa ga tsarin exome (WES), an duba su a matsayin yiwuwar sabbin magungunan cutar kansa. Maganin ciwon daji na dendritic-cell yana canza tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin dendritic da aka canza ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta zuwa firamare da kuma haifar da kwayoyin T don su iya kai hari ga kwayoyin cutar kansa. Hanya ta biyu ita ce hanya mafi ci gaba ta yin rigakafin ciwon daji, amma yana da wuyar ƙira da amfani.
Ta yaya ake samar da maganin cutar kansa?
Yaya allurar kansa ke aiki?
Ana kunna amsawar autoimmune don kai hari ga ƙwayoyin cutar kansa
Kwayoyin ciwon daji suna tasowa kullum kuma ana kawar da su a kowane lokaci ta hanyar tsarin rigakafi. Lokacin da aikin rigakafi ya lalace, ko kuma wani lokacin, mummunan maye gurbi yana faruwa kwatsam, ƙwayoyin kansar na iya samun nasarar sa ido kan rigakafi. Don haka, kunnawa da haɓaka tsarin rigakafi don gane ƙwayoyin cutar kansa yana da mahimmanci don magance cutar kansa.
Don ingantawa da haɓaka aikin rigakafi na rigakafin ciwon daji
Traditional vaccines are based on weakened or inactivated viruses or bacteria that may trigger an immune response in the body. Tumor vaccine development has evolved from the early generation of whole tumor lysates to the current neopeptide tumor vaccines.
Kwayoyin dendritic gyare-gyaren rigakafi
Maganin ciwon daji yana amfani da sabuwar fasaha don haɗawa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi da aka gyara da kuma DCs don gabatar da antigens masu yawa, da kuma haɗa sabbin peptides na maye gurbi (neoepitopes) ta hanyar NGS WES da fasahar HLA ta ƙuntataccen fasahar tsinkaya. Kwayoyin rigakafi da aka gyara magungunan dendritic cell suna haɓaka gabatarwar takamaiman antigens na ciwon daji, wanda a lokaci guda yana haifar da abubuwan da ke motsa jiki, inganta tsarin rigakafi don gane kwayoyin cutar kansa. Ciki har da ƙwayoyin kisa na halitta da ƙwayoyin dendritic a cikin tsarin rigakafi, suna haifar da martani mai ƙarfi na anticancer, kuma suna haifar da cytotoxic T lymphocytes don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.
Alurar rigakafin ciwon daji na iya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya T lymphocytes
Maganin ciwon daji na iya hana sake dawowa da ciwon daji da metastasis. Tiyata, chemotherapy ko radiotherapy na iya cire mafi yawan ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwacen daji, duk da haka, har yanzu akwai sauran ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, wanda zai iya haifar da sake dawowa da kuma metastasis. Fasahar gyaran fuska na rigakafi ta GIMI ta dogara ne akan ingantaccen rigakafin cutar kansa na tushen DC wanda zai iya haifar da nau'in T-lymphocytes na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kai hari kan ƙwayoyin kansa. A wasu kalmomi, yana iya hana ciwon daji sake dawowa ko metastasis bayan an gudanar da maganin ciwon daji.
Alurar rigakafin cutar kansar mahaifa
The HPV vaccine, which protects against ciwon sankarar mahaifa, is a very important medical development in the fight against cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually spread infection that can cause cervical cancer. The vaccine protects against the most dangerous types of HPV, which are the cause of most cases of cervical cancer.
Yawancin lokaci ana ba da maganin alurar riga kafi azaman saitin harbi a cikin 'yan watanni. Zai fi kyau idan aka ba mutum kafin ya fara jima’i. Ana ba da shawara ga maza da mata su taimaka wajen dakatar da yaduwar cutar ta HPV da rage yawan mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar gabaɗaya.
Wani abu mafi kyau game da maganin cutar kansar mahaifa shi ne cewa yana iya haifar da kansar mahaifa, wanda shi ne na hudu mafi yawan cutar kansa a cikin mata a duk duniya, da yawa. Ta hanyar hana kamuwa da cutar HPV, maganin zai iya ceton dubban rayuka a kowace shekara kuma ya sauƙaƙa wa ayyukan kiwon lafiya a duniya don magance cutar kansar mahaifa.
Hakanan, yawancin binciken asibiti da amfani da su a cikin duniyar gaske sun nuna cewa maganin yana da lafiya kuma yana aiki. Domin ya yi aiki sosai, ƙasashe da yawa sun fara shirye-shiryen ba da rigakafin ga matasa. Wannan ya kara inganta lafiyar jama'a.
A ƙarshe, maganin cutar kansar mahaifa hanya ce mai inganci don yaƙar kansar mahaifa da sauran cututtukan da HPV ke haifarwa. Ta hanyar hana kamuwa da cutar ta HPV, muhimmin abu ne na rage yawan cututtukan sankarar mahaifa da kuma inganta lafiyar duniya gabaɗaya. Don amfani da mafi yawan maganin da kuma kare al'ummomi masu zuwa daga mummunan tasirin cutar sankarar mahaifa, mutane suna buƙatar sanin game da shi kuma su iya samunsa.
Alurar rigakafin ciwon huhu: Cimavax da Vaxira
Dukansu CimaVax da kuma Vaxira are experimental vaccines that have been looked at to see if they could be used to treat kwayar cutar huhu.
CimaVax is a treatment vaccine for lung cancer that was made in Cuba. CimaVax is different from other vaccines because it tries to get the immune system to make antibodies against a protein called epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF helps cells grow and also plays a role in how cancer starts and spreads. By going after EGF, CimaVax hopes to stop lung cancer cells from growing and spreading. This could help people with advanced lung cancer live longer.
A daya hannun, Vaxira allurar rigakafin cutar kansa da aka yi a Argentina. Yana tafiya ne bayan wani sunadarin sunadaran da ake kira MUC1, wanda aka fi yin shi a cikin ciwon huhu da sauran nau'in ciwon daji. Ana nufin Vaxira don samun tsarin rigakafi don gane MUC1-bayyana ƙwayoyin kansa da kuma yaƙe su.
Dukansu CimaVax da Vaxira suna yin alƙawarin kwatance bincike a fannin magance cutar kansar huhu.
Gwajin gwaji sun nuna sakamako mai ban sha'awa, kuma ana yin ƙarin bincike don gano yadda suke aiki a kan lokaci da kuma idan za a iya amfani da su a matsayin cikakken tsarin kula da ciwon huhu. Dangane da sabuntawar ilimina na ƙarshe a cikin Satumba 2021, ana ci gaba da binciken waɗannan alluran rigakafin, kuma damarsu da amfaninsu na iya canzawa tun daga lokacin. Koyaushe magana da likita ko ma'aikacin jinya don mafi sabuntar shawarwari kan yadda ake magance cutar kansar huhu.
Ina ake samun rigakafin cutar kansa yanzu?
Ana samun rigakafin cutar kansa ta hanyoyin dendritic a China. Wadanda ke da sha'awar a yi wa kansu rigakafin cutar kansa za su iya amfana da maganin. Su ma majinyatan da aka gano suna da ciwon daji za su iya shan maganin. Ana samun Cimavax a Cuba yayin da Vaxira yana cikin Argentina a halin yanzu.
As of my last report, which was in June 2023, there were not many cancer vaccines available, and most of the work in the field was still in the research and development stage. There were some vaccines to prevent cancer, like the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and other cancers, and the Hepatitis B vaccine to lower the risk of ciwon daji. However, these vaccines were aimed at specific viruses that cause cancer, not cancer cells directly.
Ana yin gwajin rigakafin cutar kansar, wanda ake nufi don magance cutar kansa da aka fara, a cikin binciken asibiti don nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban. Wadannan karatun suna da mahimmanci don gano idan sun kasance lafiya, idan sun yi aiki, kuma idan zasu iya haifar da wani tasiri. Maganin ciwon daji ya kasance da wuya a yi domin yana da wuya a sami antigens na tumor daidai, sa magunguna su dace da kowane majiyyaci, da kuma gano yadda za a hana ciwon daji daga ɓoyewa daga tsarin rigakafi.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa fannin nazarin likita da jiyya da ake samu na iya canzawa tun sabuntawa na ƙarshe. Don cikakkun bayanai na yau da kullun kan rigakafin cutar kansa da sauran jiyya, yana da kyau a yi magana da kafofin kiwon lafiya na yanzu da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.
Menene farashin maganin cutar kansa?
Alurar rigakafin kwayar cutar Dendritic sun kai kusan $22000 USD. Tsarin jiyya na Vaxira, wanda ya ƙunshi harbe-harbe na ginawa guda biyar da ake bayarwa kowane mako biyu sannan kuma harbin ƙarfafawa guda goma da ake bayarwa kowane mako huɗu, farashin kusan $25,000.
Alurar rigakafin cutar kansar mahaifa za ta kai kusan dalar Amurka 100 a kowane kashi. Maganin cutar kansar mahaifa wanda Cibiyar Serum ta Indiya ke yi ana tsammanin yana tsada ƙasa da $ 10USD a kowane kashi.