Ciwon kankara
Menene kansar hanji?
Ciwon daji na hanji kuma ana san shi da kansar launi. Ciwon daji mai launi shine kansar da ke farawa daga dubura ko hanji. Duk waɗannan gabobin suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tsarin narkewar ku. Ana kuma san ciwon hanji da babban hanji. Dubura tana a ƙarshen hanjin.
Yana da mahimmanci a san girman ciwon daji na hanji domin a iya tsara maganin da ya dace. Ciwon daji na hanji ya kasu kashi 4 matakai. Mataki na 1 shine matakin farko.
Matakan ciwon kansa
- Mataki na 1. Ciwon daji ya shiga cikin rufin, ko mucosa, na hanji ko dubura amma bai yada zuwa bangon gabobin ba.
- Mataki na 2. Ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa bangon hanji ko dubura amma bai shafi nodes na lymph ko kyallen da ke kusa ba tukuna.
- Mataki na 3. Ciwon daji ya ƙaura zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph amma ba zuwa wasu sassan jiki ba tukuna. Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayar lymph ɗaya zuwa uku suna shiga a wannan matakin.
- Mataki na 4. Ciwon daji ya yadu zuwa wasu gabobin nesa, kamar hanta ko huhu.
Nau'in ciwon daji na hanji
Duk da yake maganin ciwon daji sounds clear-cut, there’s actually more than one type of cancer. Such differences have to do with the types of cells that turn cancerous as well as where they form.
The most common type of colon cancer starts from adenocarcinomas. According to the American Cancer Society, adenocarcinomas make up 96 percent of all colon cancer cases. Unless your doctor specifies otherwise, your colon cancer is likely this type. Adenocarcinomas form within mucus cells in either the colon or rectum.
Galibi, ana haifar da ciwon daji na colorectal daga wasu nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen daji, kamar:
- lymphomas, wanda zai iya samuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin lymph ko a cikin hanji na farko
- carcinoids, wanda ke farawa a cikin sel masu yin hormone a cikin hanjin ku
- sarcomas, wanda ke samuwa a cikin kyallen takarda masu laushi irin su tsokoki a cikin hanji
- ciwon ciki na stromal, which can start off as benign and then become cancerous (These usually form in the digestive tract, but rarely in the colon.)
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji na hanji
Likitoci ba su da tabbacin abin da ke haifar da yawancin ciwon daji na hanji.
Gabaɗaya, ciwon daji na hanji yana farawa lokacin da lafiyayyun sel a cikin hanji suka haɓaka canje-canje (maye gurbi) a cikin DNA ɗin su. DNA ta tantanin halitta ya ƙunshi jerin umarni waɗanda ke gaya wa tantanin halitta abin da zai yi.
Healthy cells grow and divide in an orderly way to keep your body functioning normally. But when a cell’s DNA is damaged and becomes cancerous, cells continue to divide — even when new cells aren’t needed. As the cells accumulate, they form a tumo.
Da lokaci, ƙwayoyin kansa na iya girma don mamayewa da lalata nama na yau da kullun a kusa. Kuma kwayoyin cutar kansa suna iya tafiya zuwa wasu sassan jiki don samar da ajiya a can (metastasis).
Masu bincike har yanzu suna nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji na colorectal. Duk da yake akwai haɓakar jerin abubuwan haɗari, suna yin su kaɗai ko a hade don haɓaka haɗarin mutum don haɓaka ciwon daji.
Ci gaban ciwon daji
Kwayoyin da ba na al'ada sun taru a cikin rufin hanji, suna yin polyps. Waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan girma ne. Cire waɗannan ci gaban ta hanyar tiyata hanya ce ta rigakafin gama gari. Polyps marasa magani na iya zama cutar kansa.
Maye gurbi
Wani lokaci ciwon daji na launin fata yana faruwa a cikin 'yan uwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta da ke wucewa daga iyaye zuwa yaro. Waɗannan maye gurbin ba su da tabbacin za ku ci gaba da ciwon daji na launin fata, amma suna ƙara yawan damar ku.
Abubuwan haɗari ga ciwon daji na hanji
Ba a san ainihin abin da ke haifar da ciwon daji na colorectal ba. Likitoci sau da yawa ba za su iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa mutum ya kamu da wannan cuta ba kuma wani ba ya yi. Duk da haka, fahimtar wasu dalilai na kwayoyin halitta yana ci gaba da karuwa. Abubuwan da ke biyo baya na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansar launin fata.
- Shekaru: Fiye da 90% na mutane ana bincikar su da ciwon daji bayan shekaru 50.
- Tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na launin fata (musamman iyaye ko 'yan'uwa).
- Tarihin mutum na cutar Crohn ko ulcerative colitis na tsawon shekaru takwas ko fiye.
- Colourectal polyps.
- Personal history of breast, uterine or ovarian cancer.
Wasu abubuwan haɗari da ba za a iya kaucewa ba sune:
- a baya tarihi na colon polyps
- a baya tarihin cututtuka na hanji
- tarihin iyali na ciwon sankarau
- ciwon kwayoyin cuta, kamar iyali adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- kasancewarsu na Gabashin Turai Bayahude ko kuma na Afirka
Abubuwan da za a iya gujewa
Sauran abubuwan haɗari ana iya kaucewa. Wannan yana nufin zaku iya canza su don rage haɗarin haɓaka ciwon daji na launin fata. Abubuwan haɗari da za a iya kaucewa sun haɗa da:
- kasancewa mai kiba ko kiba
- shan taba
- yawan shan barasa
- ciwon sukari nau'in 2
- samun zaman banza
- cin abinci mai yawan sarrafa abinci ko jan nama
Abubuwan da zasu iya ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji sun haɗa da:
- Ya tsufa. Ana iya gano cutar kansar hanji a kowane zamani, amma yawancin masu fama da ciwon hanji sun girmi shekaru 50. Yawan cutar kansar hanji a cikin mutanen da ba su wuce 50 ba ya karu, amma likitoci ba su san dalilin ba.
- Kabilanci-Amurka. Baƙin Amurkawa suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji fiye da mutanen sauran kabilu.
- Tarihin mutum na kansar kansa ko polyps. Idan kun riga kun sami ciwon daji na hanji ko polyps marasa ciwon hanji, kuna da haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon hanji a nan gaba.
- Yanayin kumburin hanji. Cututtukan kumburin hanji na yau da kullun, irin su ulcerative colitis da cutar Crohn, na iya ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji.
- Ciwon daji na gado waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji. Wasu maye gurbi da suka shige ta cikin tsararraki na danginku na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji sosai. Kashi kaɗan ne kawai na ciwon daji na hanji ke da alaƙa da kwayoyin halittar gado. Mafi yawan cututtukan da aka gada waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji sune iyali adenomatous polyposis (FAP) da cutar Lynch, wanda kuma aka sani da ciwon daji marasa polyposis colorectal (HNPCC).
- Tarihin iyali na ciwon daji na hanji. You’re more likely to develop colon cancer if you have a blood relative who has had the disease. If more than one family member has colon cancer or rectal cancer, your risk is even greater.
- Low-fiber, abinci mai yawan mai. Ciwon daji na hanji da kansar dubura na iya haɗawa da abinci na Yammacin Turai na yau da kullun, wanda ba shi da ƙarancin fiber kuma mai yawan kitse da adadin kuzari. Bincike a wannan yanki ya sami sakamako iri ɗaya. Wasu bincike sun gano haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji a cikin mutanen da ke cin abinci mai yawan jan nama da naman da aka sarrafa.
- Wani salon rayuwa. Mutanen da ba su da aiki sun fi kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji. Samun motsa jiki na yau da kullun na iya rage haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji.
- Ciwon sukari. Mutanen da ke da ciwon sukari ko juriya na insulin suna da ƙarin haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji.
- Kiba. Mutanen da ke da kiba suna da haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji na hanji da kuma haɗarin mutuwa na ciwon daji idan aka kwatanta da mutanen da aka yi la'akari da nauyin al'ada.
- Shan taba. Mutanen da ke shan sigari na iya samun ƙarin haɗarin cutar kansa ta hanji.
- Barasa. Yawan shan barasa yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar hanji.
- Radiation far don ciwon daji. Magungunan radiation da aka ba da umarni a cikin ciki don magance ciwon daji na baya yana kara haɗarin ciwon daji na hanji.
Gano ciwon daji na hanji
Gano da wuri na ciwon daji na launin fata yana ba ku dama mafi kyau na warkar da shi.
Likitan ku zai fara da samun bayani game da tarihin likitan ku da dangin ku. Za su kuma yi gwajin jiki. Za su iya danna kan ciki ko yin gwajin dubura don sanin kasancewar kullu ko polyps.
Gwajin jini
Likitan ku na iya gudanar da gwajin jini don samun kyakkyawan fahimtar abin da ke haifar da alamun ku. Ko da yake babu wani gwajin jini wanda ke bincika musamman don ciwon daji na colorectal, gwajin aikin hanta da cikakken ƙididdigar jini na iya kawar da wasu cututtuka da cuta.
Colonoscopy
Na'urar gani da ido ya ƙunshi amfani da dogon bututu mai ƙaramar kamara a haɗe. Wannan hanya tana ba likitan ku damar gani a cikin hanjin ku da duburar ku don bincika wani abu da ba a saba gani ba.
Yayin da ake yi wa colonoscopy, likitan ku kuma zai iya cire nama daga wuraren da ba su da kyau. Ana iya aika waɗannan samfuran nama zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike.
X-ray
Likitanka na iya yin odar X-ray ta amfani da maganin bambancin radiyo wanda ya ƙunshi ƙarfe barium. Likitan ku zai saka wannan ruwa a cikin hanjin ku ta hanyar amfani da enema. Da zarar an sami wurin, maganin barium yana rufe rufin hanjin. Wannan yana taimakawa inganta ingancin hotunan X-ray.
CT dubawa
CT scans yana ba wa likitan ku cikakken hoton hanjin ku. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gano ciwon daji na launin launi, wani suna don CT scan shine kwararren colonoscopy.
Menene hanyoyin magance cutar kansar launin fata?
Maganin ciwon daji na launin fata ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban. Halin lafiyar ku gaba ɗaya da matakin ciwon daji na launin fata zai taimaka wa likitan ku ƙirƙirar tsarin kulawa.
Surgery
A farkon matakan ciwon daji na launin fata, yana iya yiwuwa likitan likitan ku ya cire polyps masu ciwon daji ta hanyar tiyata. Idan polyp bai manne da bangon hanji ba, za ku iya samun kyakkyawan hangen nesa.
Idan ciwon daji ya yada cikin ganuwar hanjin ku, likitan likitan ku na iya buƙatar cire wani yanki na hanji ko dubura, tare da kowane nau'i na lymph nodes. Idan za ta yiwu, likitan likitan ku zai sake haɗa sauran ɓangaren lafiya na hanji zuwa dubura.
Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, za su iya yin colostomy. Wannan ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar buɗewa a bangon ciki don kawar da sharar gida. Colostomomi na iya zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin.
jiyyar cutar sankara
Chemotherapy ya ƙunshi amfani da kwayoyi don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Game da ciwon daji na colorectal, chemotherapy magani ne na yau da kullun bayan tiyata don lalata duk wasu ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Chemotherapy kuma yana sarrafa ci gaban ciwace-ciwace.
Duk da yake maganin cutar sankara yana ba da wasu alamun taimako a cikin ciwon daji na ƙarshen zamani, sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da sakamako masu illa waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafawa tare da ƙarin magani.
radiation
Radiation yana amfani da katako mai ƙarfi na ƙarfi, kama da wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin hasken X-ray, don kai hari da lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kafin da bayan tiyata. Maganin radiation yakan faru tare da chemotherapy.
magani
A cikin Satumba 2012, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka Source Amintacce An amince da maganin regorafenib (Stivarga) don magance ciwon daji na ƙasusuwa, ko a ƙarshen zamani, wanda ba ya amsa ga sauran nau'in magani kuma ya yadu zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Wannan magani yana aiki ta hanyar toshe enzymes waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.
KARANNAN KASHI
- Akwai nau'ikan magani daban-daban ga marasa lafiya da ciwon daji na hanji.
- Ana amfani da daidaitattun magunguna iri bakwai:
- Surgery
- Haɓakar radiyo
- Cryosurgery
- jiyyar cutar sankara
- Radiation far
- Farfesa da aka tsara
- immunotherapy
- Ana gwada sababbin nau'ikan magani a gwajin asibiti.
- Maganin ciwon daji na hanji na iya haifar da illa.
- Marasa lafiya na iya son yin tunani game da shiga cikin gwaji na asibiti.
- Marasa lafiya na iya shiga gwajin asibiti kafin, lokacin, ko bayan fara maganin cutar kansa.
- Ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje na gaba.
tiyatar ciwon daji na hanji
Tiyata (cire ciwon daji a cikin aiki) shine mafi yawan magani ga duk matakan ciwon daji na hanji. Likita na iya cire ciwon daji ta amfani da ɗayan nau'ikan tiyata masu zuwa:
- Fitarwa na gida: Idan an sami ciwon daji a farkon mataki, likita na iya cire shi ba tare da yanke ta bangon ciki ba. Maimakon haka, likita na iya sanya bututu tare da kayan aikin yanke ta dubura zuwa cikin hanji ya yanke ciwon daji. Ana kiran wannan yanki na gida. Idan an sami ciwon daji a cikin polyp (ƙananan yanki na nama), ana kiran aikin polypectomy.
- Resection na hanji tare da anastomosis: Idan ciwon daji ya fi girma, likita zai yi wani ɓangare na colectomy (cire ciwon daji da ƙananan ƙwayar lafiya a kusa da shi). Likitan na iya yin anastomosis (dika lafiyayyen sassan hanjin tare). Likitan zai kuma cire nodes na lymph a kusa da hanji sannan ya duba su a karkashin na'urar hangen nesa don ganin ko suna dauke da ciwon daji.
Resection na hanji tare da colostomy: Idan likita ya kasa iya dinka ƙofofin hanjin guda 2 baya tare, ana yin stoma (buɗe) a waje na jiki don sharar gida ta wuce. Ana kiran wannan hanya colostomy. Ana sanya jaka a kusa da stoma don tattara sharar gida. Wani lokaci colostomy yana buƙatar kawai har sai ƙananan hanji ya warke, sa'an nan kuma za'a iya juyawa. Idan likita yana buƙatar cire duka ƙananan hanji, duk da haka, colostomy na iya zama na dindindin.
Bayan likita ya kawar da duk wani ciwon daji da za a iya gani a lokacin tiyata, ana iya ba wa wasu marasa lafiya chemotherapy ko radiation far bayan tiyata don kashe duk wani kwayar cutar kansa da ya rage. Maganin da aka yi bayan tiyata, don rage haɗarin cewa ciwon daji zai dawo, ana kiransa maganin adjuvant.
Haɓakar radiyo
Zubar da mitar rediyo shine amfani da bincike na musamman tare da ƙananan na'urorin lantarki waɗanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Wani lokaci ana shigar da binciken kai tsaye ta fata kuma ana buƙatar maganin sa barci kawai. A wasu lokuta, ana shigar da binciken ta hanyar wani yanki a cikin ciki. Ana yin haka a asibiti tare da maganin sa barci.
Cryosurgery
Cryosurgery magani ne da ke amfani da kayan aiki don daskare da lalata nama mara kyau. Irin wannan magani kuma ana kiransa cryotherapy.
Hasashen ciwon daji na hanji
Samun ganewar cutar kansar launin fata na iya zama mai ban tsoro, amma gaskiyar ita ce irin wannan nau'in ciwon daji yana da matukar dacewa, musamman idan an kama shi da wuri.
Matakan jiyya kuma sun yi nisa ga ƙarin cututtukan daji na hanji. A cewar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kudu maso yammacin Jami'ar Texas, matsakaicin adadin rayuwa don mataki na 4 ciwon daji na hanji yana kusa da watanni 30. Wannan ya haura daga watanni 6 zuwa 8 wanda shine matsakaicin lokacin 1990s.
A lokaci guda, likitoci a yanzu suna ganin ciwon daji na hanji a cikin ƙananan marasa lafiya. Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda rashin zaɓin salon rayuwa wanda ya zama ruwan dare fiye da shekarun da suka gabata. Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Amurka ta ce, yayin da mutuwar ciwon daji na hanji ya ragu gaba ɗaya, mutuwar da ke da alaƙa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke ƙasa da 55 sun karu da kashi 1 a kowace shekara tsakanin 2007 da 2016.
Rigakafin ciwon daji na hanji
Wasu abubuwan haɗari na ciwon daji na hanji, kamar tarihin iyali da shekaru, ba su da kariya. Koyaya, abubuwan rayuwa waɗanda zasu iya ba da gudummawar ciwon daji mai launi ne mai iya hanawa, kuma yana iya taimakawa rage haɗarin kamuwa da wannan cuta gaba ɗaya.
Kuna iya ɗaukar matakai yanzu don rage haɗarin ku ta:
- rage yawan jan nama da kuke ci
- nisantar naman da aka sarrafa, irin su karnuka masu zafi da nama mai laushi
- yawan cin abinci mai gina jiki
- rage yawan kitsen abinci a cikin abincin ku
- motsa jiki kullum
- rasa nauyi, idan likitan ku ya ba da shawarar
- barin shan taba
- rage shan barasa
- rage yawan damuwa
- sarrafa ciwon sukari da aka rigaya
Wani ma'auni na rigakafi shine tabbatar da samun colonoscopy bayan shekaru 50 - koda kuwa ba ku da abubuwan haɗari ga ciwon daji na hanji. Da farko an gano ciwon daji, mafi kyawun sakamako.
Don cikakkun bayanai kan maganin ciwon hanji da ra'ayi na biyu, a kira mu a +91 96 1588 1588 ko rubuta zuwa cancerfax@gmail.com.
- Comments Rufe
- Yuli 28th, 2020
