Maris 2022: Ya kamata tasoshin jini su kasance kamar bishiyoyi, suna zubar da iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen takarda don su girma da ƙwayoyin rigakafi don tsabtace cututtuka. Dajin, a gefe guda, na iya yin ɓarna a cikin ciwace-ciwace. Jiragen ruwa suna faɗaɗa cikin sauri kuma suna kumbura da karkaɗa a kusurwoyi masu kaifi, yana sa da wuya a iya bambanta tsakanin veins da arteries. Ya fara kama da gindin tushen gnared maimakon daji. Wani likita ya kwatanta shi a matsayin "labyrinth mai rudani."
Hargitsi yana da kyau ga ciwon daji. Wannan gindin da aka haɗe yana kare ƙaƙƙarfan ciwace-ciwace daga ƙwayoyin rigakafi kuma ya dakile ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen masana kimiyya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan don tsara magungunan da za su motsa tsarin garkuwar jiki da jagora zuwa ciwace-ciwacen.
Masu bincike a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, a daya bangaren, sun yi imanin cewa, watakila sun gano wani magani, hanyar sake fasalin jijiyoyin jini. Masana sun yi imanin cewa idan ya yi aiki, zai iya ba da hanya don maganin CAR-T da ke fama da ciwon ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, da kuma inganta ingantaccen fasahar gargajiya kamar radiation da chemotherapy.
"Yana da kyakkyawar sabuwar dabara kuma mai yiwuwa mahimmin dabara," in ji Patrick Wen, masanin ilimin likitancin Dana-Farber wanda bai shiga cikin binciken ba. "Sun yi aiki mai kyau. Wannan sabuwar hanya ce don haɓakawa immunotherapy."
Avastin, wani anti-VEGF antibody wanda ya zama blockbuster, ya ci gaba da kasa ƙara rayuwa a cikin nau'o'in ciwon daji.
Dole ne masana kimiyya su zurfafa cikin batun. Fan ya nuna cewa tsarin da aka sani da "canjin kwayar halitta na endothelial" wani bangare ne na matsala a cikin wallafe-wallafe guda biyu da aka buga a cikin 2018. Kwayoyin da ke hade da jijiyoyin jini a kusa da ƙwayar cuta suna haɓaka halaye masu kama da kwayar halitta, suna ba su damar yaduwa da kuma fadada a lokaci guda. ƙididdigewa azaman sel mai tushe.
Fan ya gaya wa Endpoints, "Akwai tsarin sake fasalin kwayoyin halitta." "Za su sami karin tashin hankali."
Yaya aka yi wannan sake fasalin ya faru, ko da yake? Fan ya yi tunanin cewa idan zai iya liƙa hanyar, to zai iya ƙirƙirar dabara don toshe ta. Ya fara ne ta hanyar fitar da kinases, wadanda ke motsa jiki na salula wanda zai iya inganta sauye-sauye na epigenetic, ko "reprogramming," a cikin sel endothelial da ke ware daga marasa lafiya da glioblastoma, wani nau'in ciwon daji na kwakwalwa. Daga cikin 518, 35 sun guje wa metamorphosis, tare da PAK4 yana aiki na musamman.
Masu binciken sun saka ciwace-ciwace a cikin berayen, wasu daga cikinsu suna da PAK4 wasu kuma sun cire kinase ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta: 80% na berayen da ba su da lafiya sun rayu tsawon kwanaki 4, yayin da duk nau’in berayen suka mutu bayan kwanaki 60. Kwayoyin T sun mamaye ciwace-ciwacen ciwace-ciwace cikin sauƙi a cikin ɓeraye marasa ƙarancin PAK40, bisa ga binciken Fan.
Wani bincike ne mai ban sha'awa: shekaru goma da suka wuce, lokacin da masu hana kinase suka yi fushi, kamfanonin magunguna sun haifar da yawancin masu hanawa na PAK. An yi watsi da da yawa, amma Karyopharm kwanan nan ya shiga Mataki na I tare da mai hana PAK4.
Don sanin ko masu haɓaka magunguna za su iya yin amfani da wannan binciken, Fan da abokan aikinsa sun yi amfani da ƙwayoyin T daga beraye kuma suka ƙirƙiri CAR-T magani don kai hari kan ciwon daji.
An ba wa berayen tsari uku daban-daban. Saboda maganin CAR-T ya kasa isa ga ƙari ta hanyar arteries, ya kasa rage girman ƙari da kansa. A kan kansa, maganin Karyopharm ba shi da wani tasiri. Koyaya, bayan kwanaki biyar, sun sami damar rage girman ƙwayar cutar da kashi 80%. An buga sakamakon binciken a cikin Nature Cancer a wannan makon.
Fan ya ce, "Haƙiƙa sakamako ne na buɗe ido." "Na yi imani muna shaida wani abu mai ban mamaki."
Tabbas, wannan a cikin mice kawai yake, amma Fan ya riga ya sami ƙwaƙƙwaran shaida don shiga PAK4 a cikin ciwon daji. Yayin da Fan ke ci gaba da yin gwajin gwajinsa, an buga wani bugu daga ƙungiyar UCLA ta Antoni Ribas a cikin Nature Cancer a watan Disamba, yana nuna cewa masu hanawa na PAK4 na iya taimaka wa ƙwayoyin T su shiga cikin ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban. Sun nuna a cikin mice cewa mai hana Karyopharm iri ɗaya na iya haɓaka tasirin masu hana PD-1, yana barin ƙwayoyin T da aka kunna don isa ga ciwace-ciwacen daji da kyau.
