Afrilu 2022: A al'ada, hanyar kera tantanin halitta don CAR T-cell far yana ɗaukar kwanaki tara zuwa goma sha huɗu; duk da haka, masu bincike a Jami'ar Pennsylvania sun sami damar ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin CAR T masu aiki tare da ingantacciyar tasirin rigakafin ƙwayar cuta a cikin sa'o'i 24 kawai ta amfani da sabuwar dabara.
Wani sabon nau'in maganin rigakafi da ake kira autologous CAR T-cell therapies yana amfani da ƙwayoyin T na majiyyaci na kansa, yana canza su a waje da jiki ta hanyar ƙara wani nau'in CAR wanda ke sa su bayyana masu karɓa wanda ya fi dacewa da ƙwayoyin ciwon daji, sa'an nan kuma mayar da su cikin marasa lafiya. . Wadannan jiyya, a daya bangaren, sun shahara ga dogon lokacin da suke kerawa, wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da karfin kwayar halitta don yin kwafi don haka rage karfin jiyya, ba tare da ambaton cutar da marasa lafiya masu tsanani ba yayin da suke jiran magani. A sakamakon haka, masana'antun sarrafa kwayoyin halitta sun ba da fifiko mai yawa kan rage lokaci tsakanin cirewar jini da sake shigar da kwayar halitta, wanda kuma aka sani da lokacin jijiya-to-jijiya.
Binciken farko na asibiti da aka buga a Nature Biomedical Engineering ya nuna cewa adadin lokaci, kayan aiki, da aikin da ake buƙata don samar da ƙwayoyin CAR T na iya raguwa sosai. A cewar masu binciken, wannan na iya zama da fa'ida musamman a cikin mutane masu saurin ci gaba da cututtuka da kuma a cikin asibitoci masu iyakacin albarkatu.
"Yayin da hanyoyin masana'antu na gargajiya don ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin CAR T waɗanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni suna ci gaba da yin aiki ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar kansar 'ruwa' kamar cutar sankarar bargo, har yanzu akwai buƙatar rage lokaci da tsadar samar da waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali,” in ji Dr. . Michael Milone, masanin farfesa a fannin ilimin cututtuka da likitancin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma daya daga cikin shugabannin binciken. Hanyar masana'anta da aka ruwaito a cikin wannan binciken shaida ce ga yuwuwar ƙirƙira da haɓaka samarwa CAR T hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don amfanin ƙarin marasa lafiya, ginawa akan bincikenmu daga 2018 wanda ya rage daidaitattun tsarin masana'antu zuwa kwana uku, kuma yanzu zuwa ƙasa da sa'o'i 24.
Masu binciken sun gano cewa ingancin samfurin tantanin halitta na CAR T, maimakon adadin sa, shine mahimmin jagorar nasarar sa a cikin samfuran dabbobi. Binciken su ya nuna cewa ƙaramin adadin ƙwayoyin CAR T masu inganci waɗanda aka ƙirƙira a waje da jiki ba tare da haɓaka mai yawa ba ya fi dacewa da adadi mafi girma na ƙananan ƙwayoyin CAR T waɗanda aka faɗaɗa sosai kafin su dawo ga mai haƙuri.
Dole ne a kunna ƙwayoyin T ta hanyar da za ta sa su haɓaka da haɓaka don amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu na gargajiya. Yin amfani da hanyoyin injiniya bisa ga wani ɓangare na fahimtar yadda kwayar cutar HIV ke cutar da kwayoyin T, masu bincike na Penn sun iya kawar da wannan mataki na tsarin masana'antu. Tawagar ta gano hanyar da za ta iya canja wurin kwayoyin halitta kai tsaye zuwa ƙwayoyin T da ba a kunna su ba da aka fitar daga jini. Wannan ya ba da fa'ida biyu na hanzarta aiwatar da masana'anta gaba ɗaya yayin da har yanzu ana kiyaye ƙarfin ƙwayoyin T. Wannan hanya ba ta ƙyale marasa lafiya su kamu da cutar HIV ba.
Samun majiyyaci zuwa hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana iyakance saboda farashi. Masu binciken suna tsammanin cewa ta hanyar rage farashi da lokacin da ke hade da masana'antu, waɗannan jiyya za a iya yin amfani da su mafi tsada, ba da damar ƙarin marasa lafiya don samun damar su.
"Wannan sabuwar dabarar tana da ban mamaki ta yadda zai iya taimakawa marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya amfana da su ba. CAR T cell far, kamar wadanda ke fama da ciwon daji da sauri, saboda gagarumin lokacin da ake bukata don samar da wadannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, "in ji Dokta Saba Ghassemi, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimin cututtuka da likitancin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma wani jagoran binciken. "Sakamakon ingantaccen tsarin kwayoyin T tare da CAR a cikin sa'o'i 24 a cikin mafi sauki hanyar masana'antu ba tare da kunna T cell ba ko kuma al'adun waje-jiki yana buɗe zaɓi na faɗaɗa inda kuma lokacin da aka samar da waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali." Ba wai kawai zai iya ƙara ƙarfin masana'antun masana'antu ba, amma idan mai sauƙi kuma daidaitaccen tsari, yana iya yiwuwa a samar da waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a gida kusa da majiyyaci, magance ƙalubalen dabaru da yawa waɗanda ke hana isar da wannan ingantaccen magani, musamman a cikin matalauta-masu wadata. muhalli.”
Masu binciken sun bayyana cewa binciken nasu "yana da kuzari don ƙarin bincike na asibiti don fahimtar yadda gyare-gyaren ƙwayoyin CAR T ke aiki a cikin marasa lafiya da takamaiman ciwace-ciwace ta amfani da wannan gajeriyar dabarun."
Tare da Novartis da Asibitin Yara na Philadelphia, ƙwararrun Penn sun jagoranci bincike, haɓakawa, da gwaje-gwaje na asibiti don wannan farfagandar CAR T. Novartis ya ba da lasisin wasu fasahohin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waɗannan binciken daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania.
