Immunotherapy a lura da ciwon daji
Ciwon daji CAR-NK far yana da tasiri mai tasiri na 73%, kuma ana ɗaukarsa a cikin gwajin asibiti na gida.
Immunotherapy ya canza yadda ake magance ciwon daji. Immunotherapy ya kasu kashi biyu: ɗaya shine masu hana wuraren bincike na rigakafi, kuma an yarda da PD-1, PD-L1 da CTLA-4 don maganin ciwon daji iri-iri. Kuma lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 2018 a fannin ilimin halittar jiki ko magani ta ba da gudummawar haɓakar masu hana shingen rigakafi ga mutane.
Sauran shine maganin rigakafi na salula, wanda a ciki chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T therapy is the most rapidly progressing one. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two CAR-T cell therapies, Yescarta and Kymriah, which mainly target hematological tumors, leukemias and lymphomas.
CAR T Ciwon ƙwayar cuta
CAR-T therapy has a long way to go to treat solid tumors, so scientists have begun to seek other cellular immunotherapy to treat cancer, and natural killer (NK) cell therapy is one of the most promising methods. The success of CAR-T cell therapy has stimulated enthusiasm for modifying NK cells with CAR genes to enhance their tumor-killing ability.
Recently, the results of a phase I / IIa trial of the MD Anderson Cancer Center in the United States announced that CD19-targeted umbilical cord blood chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy (CAR-NK) has achieved a clinical response. No major toxicities were observed in patients with refractory or refractory lymphoma ba Hodgkin (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
CAR-NK bayanan binciken kwayar halitta
Sakamakon gwajin an buga shi a jiya a cikin New England Journal of Medicine. Daga cikin marasa lafiya 11 da ke cikin binciken, 8 (73%) sun amsa maganin, kuma 7 daga cikinsu sun amsa gaba daya, ma’ana cewa ba su sake nuna alamun cutar kansa ba a wata hanyar tsakani na watanni 13.8, kuma babu marasa lafiya da ke da ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta Sashin fitowar cuta ta factor ko neurotoxicity.
Amsar maganin sarkar CD19 CAR-NK ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin wata 1 bayan jiko, kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da naci da waɗannan ƙwayoyin a cikin shekara 1 bayan jiko.
Mawallafin da ya dace Katy Rezvani, Farfesa na Stem Cell dasawa da Cell Therapy, ya ce: “Muna samun kwarin gwiwa ta sakamakon gwajin na asibiti, wanda zai ci gaba da karatuttukan asibiti don nazarin yiwuwar kwayar cutar allogeneic da aka samo daga CAR-NK kwayoyin kamar yadda mai haƙuri yana buƙatar zaɓin Jiyya. "
A MD Anderson Cancer Center, an raba kwayoyin NK daga jinin da aka bayar da sadaka kuma aka tsara su don bayyana CAR da ake buƙata, wanda zai iya gano maƙasudin takamaiman cutar kansa. Kwayoyin CAR-NK suma suna buƙatar "a wadatar dasu" tare da IL-15, kwayar siginar rigakafin rigakafi wacce aka tsara don haɓaka haɓaka kwayar halitta da rayuwa.
A cikin wannan binciken, ƙwayoyin CAR-NK suna da ƙoshin lafiya, wanda ke nufin cewa ana karɓar waɗannan ƙwayoyin daga lafiyayyu na masu ba da agaji waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da mai haƙuri, ba mai haƙuri da kansa ba. Saboda haka, ƙwayoyin CAR-NK suna da damar da za a kera su kuma adana su a gaba don amfanin kai tsaye. Sabanin haka, a halin yanzu kwayoyin CAR-T da ke kasuwanci suna buƙatar amfani da tsarin haɓaka al'adu na makonni da yawa don samar da ƙwayoyin T waɗanda aka keɓance su bisa ga asalin marasa lafiya.
Kwayoyin CAR-NK suna da fa'idodi da yawa akan ƙwayoyin CAR-T
First, unlike CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells retain the inherent ability to recognize and target tumo cells through their natural receptors, so that when CAR-NK targeted therapy is used, tumor cells are less likely to escape killing.
Second, CAR-NK cells do not undergo immune rejection for days to weeks. As a result, they have not shown the same safety issues in many CAR-T clinical trials, such as the absence of cytokine saki ciwo.
A ƙarshe, ƙwayoyin NK ba sa buƙatar daidaitattun HLA kuma ba su da damar haifar da cuta mai saurin ɗaukar cuta, wanda shine mahimmin haɗari ga rigakafin ƙwayar CAR-T.
