cutar sankarar mahaifa
Dangane da alkaluman Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a shekarar 2012, akwai kusan mutane 530,000 da ke kamuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa a duk duniya a kowace shekara, kuma adadin wadanda ke mutuwa a kowace shekara su 266,000 ne. Fiye da 85% na marasa lafiya sun fi mayar da hankali ne a ƙasashe masu tasowa, kuma akwai fiye da sababbi fiye da dubu 130,000 na cutar sankarar mahaifa a China kowace shekara. Haɗarin cutar sankarar mahaifa na da alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta. Yawancin adadi masu yawa na nazarin cututtukan kwayoyin cuta sun gano cewa ci gaba da kamuwa da cututtukan papillomavirus mai haɗari (HPV) shine babban dalilin sankarar mahaifa kuma yanayi ne da ya zama dole. Karkashin wasu dalilai na taimako (kumburin haihuwa) Sanadin cutar sankarar mahaifa da inganta ci gaban ƙari.
Binciken Epidemiological na cutar sankarar mahaifa cutar ta HPV
HPV cuta mai narkewa ce madaidaiciyar DNA. A halin yanzu, an sami nau'ikan nau'ikan HPV sama da 180, kimanin 40 daga cikinsu akwai kananan cutuka masu yaduwa, kuma nau'ikan 15 na iya haifar da cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan haihuwa, da aka sani da HPV mai hadari.
Kamuwa da cutar ta HPV mai matukar hadari yanayi ne da ya zama dole ga cutar sankarar mahaifa, amma ba duk mutanen da ke dauke da cutar ta HPV za su kamu da cutar sankarar mahaifa ba. Nazarin annoba ya nuna cewa yawan kamuwa da cutar HPV a cikin mutane ya kai kusan 15% zuwa 20%, fiye da 50% na mata suna da kamuwa da cutar ta HPV bayan sun yi jima'i, kuma kashi 80% na mata sun kamu da cutar ta HPV yayin rayuwarsu. . Koyaya, fiye da kashi 90% na mata za'a iya share su ta hanyar garkuwar jiki cikin shekaru 3 bayan kamuwa da cutar ta HPV. Kusan 10% na marasa lafiya na iya kasancewa cikin kamuwa da cuta, kuma <1% na marasa lafiya da ke ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar za su ci gaba da ciwon sankarar mahaifa. Daga cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin kariya [galibi wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau (HIV)], barazanar kamuwa da cutar sankarar mahaifa ta karu sosai, wanda ke da nasaba da rashin iyawar jiki don kawar da HPV. Faruwar cutar sankarar mahaifa tsari ne mai cike da tsari wanda ke buƙatar matakai uku: kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan da suka dace, da kuma cutar kansa. Yawanci yakan ɗauki fiye da shekaru 10 daga kamuwa da cutar ta HPV mai haɗari zuwa cutar sankarar mahaifa.
Bayyanar asibiti na kamuwa da cutar ta HPV ba takamaimai ba ce
Babban hanyar kamuwa da cutar HPV shine saduwa da jima'i. HPV yana cutar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar lalacewar fata da ƙwayoyin mucous. Saboda kwayar cutar ta HPV ta buya, babu wata kwayar cuta da za ta faru ba tare da saduwa da jini da kuma tsarin garkuwar jiki na farko ba, don haka ba za a sami kumburi a bayyane a asibitin ba. A lokaci guda, HPV na iya guje wa tsabtace tsarin rigakafi ta hanyar sauƙaƙe hanyar interferon ko rage maganganun masu karɓa na Toll.
The replication of HPV virus depends on the host DNA replication system. As the basal cells differentiate and mature into surface cells, the virus replication accelerates and the virus particles are released as the cells undergo natural apoptosis. This process takes about 3 weeks. Once the virus is detected by the initial and acquired immune system, the body will initiate a series of immune inflammation reactions to clear the virus, but the overall clinical manifestations are not specific.
A yanzu, babu takamaiman magani don kamuwa da cutar ta HPV mai haɗari a asibiti. Abu mafi mahimmanci bayan kamuwa da cutar ta HPV shine binciken ilimin kimiyyar mahaifa, nazarin HPV na shekara-shekara, da kuma colposcopy idan ya cancanta don keɓance kansar mahaifa da cututtukan da suka dace. Kayan aikin HPV mai matukar hadari wanda ke haifar da sankarar mahaifa
Kwayar cutar ta HPV mai hadarin gaske yafi faruwa ta hanyar kwayar cutar E6 da E7 oncoproteins, wanda a hade tare da P53 na mutum da sunadaran Rb suna shafar yaduwar kwayar halitta da kuma tsarin juyawar kwayar halitta, yana haifar da yaduwar kwayar halitta mara kyau da canji, kuma E6 da E7 oncoproteins suna da wasu Hadin gwiwa. Binciken ya kuma gano cewa E5 oncoprotein shima yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin ba da kariya da cutar sankara.
Dangantaka tsakanin cutar sankara ta HPV da sauran cututtukan mahaifa da kumburi
Nazarin ya gano manyan canje-canje a cikin cytokines na gida na mahaifa [kamar interferon (IFN), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-1, IL6, da ƙwayar necrosis factor (TNF), da dai sauransu] a cikin ciwon daji na mahaifa da kuma raunuka masu tasowa, yana ba da shawara. kumburin gida Akwai takamaimai rawar da ke faruwa na ciwon sankarar mahaifa. Nazarin ya nuna cewa HPV's E5, E6, da E7 oncoproteins na iya haifar da cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin (COX-PG) axis. Nazarin da suka gabata sun gano cewa COX2 yana taka rawa wajen lalata DNA, hana apoptosis, angiogenesis, da ci gaban tumo Muhimmiyar rawa. Nazarin cututtukan cututtuka sun gano cewa marasa lafiya da ke da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta irin su gonococcus, chlamydia, da herpesvirus nau'in 2 suna da mummunar haɗarin ciwon daji na mahaifa. Hanyar ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na mahaifa a cikin marasa lafiya tare da cututtuka na gida na gida da kumburi na gida na iya haifar da metaplasia na nama na gida. Wadannan epithelia na metaplastic na iya ƙara damar kamuwa da cutar ta HPV da nauyin kwayar cutar ta HPV. Meta-bincike yana nuna cewa kamuwa da cutar Chlamydia abu ne mai haɗaɗɗiya ga kansar mahaifa. Sabili da haka, rage cututtuka na al'aura da sarrafa kumburin gida na iya zama muhimmin al'amari na rage ciwon daji na mahaifa.
