Kumburi na yau da kullun na iya haifar da ciwace-ciwace iri-iri ciki har da ciwon hanta. A baya can, an yi imani da cewa kumburi kai tsaye yana shafar ƙwayoyin tumo kuma yana ƙarfafa bambancin su don kare su daga mutuwa. Jami'ar California, San Diego Michael Karin da sauransu sun gano cewa ciwon hanta na yau da kullun yana motsa kansar hanta ta hanyar hana sa ido kan rigakafi. (Nature. 2017 Nov 08. doi: 10.1038 / yanayi24302)
Recently, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T-cell therapy has achieved great success in tumo treatment. Prompt the significant effect of activated immune cells to eradicate tumors, but now we have not taken the role of immune surveillance or adaptive immunity in tumorigenesis seriously. This study provides the most powerful and direct evidence to support adaptive immunity to actively prevent ciwon daji.
Masu binciken ba su yi amfani da ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta na gargajiya da ke haifar da maye gurbi ba, amma samfurin linzamin kwamfuta wanda aka samo daga yanayin yanayin steatohepatitis mara-giya (NASH). Wannan ƙari ya fi kama da kansar hanta na ɗan adam. NASH wata cuta ce da ke ci gaba da ci gaba ta hanyar tara mai a cikin hanta. Yana iya haifar da lalacewar hanta, fibrosis, da adadi mai yawa na maye gurbi, wanda ke haifar da cirrhosis, gazawar hanta, da ciwon hanta.
Binciken ya gano cewa maye gurbi na NASH da ke da alaƙa zai iya ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi, ciki har da ƙwayoyin cytotoxic T, don ganewa da kuma kai hari ga ƙwayoyin tumor da ke tasowa; duk da haka, a cikin mutane da mice, ciwon hanta na kullum yana haifar da tarin ƙwayoyin lymphocyte IgA + immunosuppressive.
A cikin yaƙin ƙwayoyin rigakafi guda biyu, ƙwayoyin IgA + da ƙwayoyin cytotoxic T, ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na rigakafi sun ci nasara. Kwayoyin IgA + suna bayyana Shirye-shiryen Mutuwa Ligand 1 (PD-L1) da interleukin-10, kuma suna hana hepatotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes kai tsaye ta hanyar PD-L1. Bayan an danne ƙwayoyin T, ciwace-ciwacen hanta suna tasowa kuma suna girma a cikin berayen hanta na kullum.
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ɓangarorin 15 da ba su da ƙwayoyin cytotoxic T na anti-tumor, 27% na berayen sun sami manyan ciwace-ciwacen hanta a cikin watanni 6, kuma babu ɗayan berayen da ke da ƙwayoyin cytotoxic T da ke da ciwace-ciwace. Kusan babu ƙwayar cuta a cikin mice ba tare da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na rigakafi ba, yana nuna rashin sel IgA +, ta yadda za a iya barin ƙwayoyin T cytotoxic su tafi don kammala tasirin maganin ciwon daji.
PD-L1 yana da tasirin haifar da ƙwayoyin lymphocytes na rigakafi don kashe ƙwayoyin cytotoxic T, yana nuna raunin wannan tsarin aiki. Lokacin da masu binciken suka yi amfani da kwayoyi ko injiniyan kwayoyin halitta don hana PD-L1, an kawar da kwayoyin IgA + daga hanta. Kwayoyin T masu guba da aka sake kunnawa suna taka rawa wajen kawar da ciwace-ciwace. Wannan yana ba da tallafi na ka'idar don toshe PD-L1 tare da magungunan hanawa na PD-1 wanda zai iya haifar da koma bayan ciwon daji na hanta. Memba na farko na wannan rukunin magunguna, nivolumab, an amince da shi kwanan nan don maganin ciwon daji na hanta. Masu bincike suna nazarin yadda ake tattara ƙwayoyin IgA + a cikin hanta, suna fatan samun hanyoyin da za su tsoma baki tare da tarawa ko tsarar waɗannan kwayoyin halitta, da kuma samar da sababbin ra'ayoyin don rigakafi ko farkon maganin ciwon hanta.
Bristol-Myers Squibb's nivolumab (Nivolumab, Opdivo) FDA ta Amurka ta amince da ita a watan Satumba na wannan shekara don marasa lafiya na ciwon hanta bayan maganin sorafenib, ya zama na farko kuma kawai FDA da aka amince da ita a cikin wannan nuni na magungunan rigakafi na rigakafi.
A halin yanzu, masu hana PD-1 ciki har da Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), AstraZeneca's Durvalumab (Imfinzi), BeiGene BGB-A317, Hengrui's SHR-1210, da dai sauransu. Gwajin gwaji na asibiti don maganin ciwon hanta yana ci gaba.
