Wannan labarin ya yi nazari sosai kan gwaje-gwajen asibiti na cutar kansa a kasar Sin a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yana mai da hankali kan manyan abubuwan da aka gano da kuma sassan ci gaba. Har ila yau, ya tattauna kan sabbin magungunan cutar daji da aka amince da su a kasar Sin, tare da yin nazarin tsarin aikinsu, da inganci daga gwaji, da illar da za a iya samu, da kuma hasashe kan samun dama da araha.
Cancer is the biggest cause of death in China, with more than 4.5 million new cases diagnosed each year. Recognizing the seriousness of the condition, the country has made enormous advances in cancer research, transforming it into a hotspot of gwaji na asibiti with far-reaching effects. Gone are the days of limited studies targeting a handful of cancers! Today, China has a broad and quickly expanding clinical trial landscape, exploring a wide range of cancers and investigating advanced therapy techniques. 722 clinical trials were made only in the year 2020. The number of cancer clinical trials in China has increased to more than a thousand by the end of 2023.
Gwajin ciwon daji a kasar Sin yana haifar da sabbin ci gaba a matakan rigakafi, kayan aikin bincike, magungunan da aka yi niyya, hadewar rigakafi, da CAR T tantanin halitta a kasar Sin.
Amma me yasa yake da mahimmanci a fahimci waɗannan gwaji na asibiti?
Amsar ta ta'allaka ne ga yuwuwar su na warkar da masu cutar kansa ba kawai a China ba, har ma ga duk duniya.
Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana nufin ya zama jagorar ku zuwa cikin wannan duniyar mai ƙarfi da ban sha'awa, yana ba ku haske game da sabbin ci gaba da yuwuwar su don tsara makomar kula da kansa.
Kasance da Sanarwa: Kwayoyin CAR T suna sake fasalin Makomar Maganin Ciwon daji!
Halin Gwajin Cutar Kansa Na Yanzu A China
Anan ga wasu mahimman bayanai na gwaji na asibiti da aka yi a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata -
Immunotherapy yana Haɓakawa
Masu hana PD-1: Gwaje-gwaje da yawa na binciken masu hana PD-1 don cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da huhu, hanta, da ciki, sun nuna tasiri mai mahimmanci da bayanan martaba. Musamman ma, bincike akan sabon mai hana PD-1 don ci gaban ciwon daji na ciki ya sami babban ci gaba a cikin rayuwa gaba ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da chemotherapy.
CAR-T cell far: Gwaji na CAR T maganin ciwon daji a kasar Sin, a kan m lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo (ALL) da sauran ciwon daji na hematological sun nuna cikkaken adadin gafartawa, ƙara bege ga keɓaɓɓen maganin likita. Ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da yawa masu daraja a China suna bayarwa maganin kansar kyauta a kasar Sin a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwaji na asibiti ga waɗanda ba za su iya biyan kuɗin maganin cutar kansa ba.
Ci gaba a Mahimmancin Magunguna
Targeted therapeutics: Trials of targeted therapies aiming to exploit specific genetic alterations in tumors are showing promising outcomes. For example, research using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific to a KRAS mutation in lung cancer resulted in considerable tumo reduction and prolonged progression-free survival.
Liquid biopsies: Dabarun biopsy na ruwa marasa lalacewa bisa ga DNA ƙari (ctDNA) ana ƙara yin amfani da su don bin diddigin amsawar jiyya da gano alamun sake dawowa. Nazarin farko da ke kimanta yuwuwar su don inganta ingantaccen jiyya na ci gaba.
Ba kamar ɓangarorin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na al'ada ba, biopsies na ruwa suna ganowa da siffanta kansa ta amfani da alamomin halittu waɗanda ke ƙunshe a cikin ruwayen jiki, kamar jini. Liquid biopsies, wanda ke buƙatar samfurin jini kawai, yana ba da damar gwaji mai aminci da maimaituwa, yana ba da damar sa ido kan ci gaban cuta da amsawar jiyya.
Haɗin Magungunan Gargajiya
Combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Western therapies: Several studies are looking into the synergistic effects of TCM herbs and traditional techniques for reducing cancer side effects and boosting treatment success. Examples include studies that combined TCM with chemotherapy for lung cancer and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Gano Fata: Ta yaya PET CT Scan ke Canja Rayuwar Marasa Lafiyar Ciwon daji a Duniya?
Hukumar Kula da Lafiya ta China ta Amince da Sabon Magani Don Ciwon Ciwon Ciwon Jiki na Metastatic
Good news for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC)! The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China has approved Imfinzi (durvalumab), an immunotherapy medication, in combination with conventional chemotherapy for first-line treatment.
Wannan babban ci gaba ne, yayin da yake ba da sabon zaɓi, mafi inganci ga waɗannan marasa lafiya, waɗanda akai-akai suna da ƙarancin tsinkaya.
Me yasa Wannan Nau'in Magani Yayi Muhimmanci A Kula da Cutar Cancer?
Ciwon daji na biliary tract shine ciwon daji mai tsanani tare da iyakacin zaɓuɓɓukan magani. ganewar asali na farko ba sabon abu bane, kuma adadin tsira yana da ƙasa.
Imfinzi, a hade tare da chemotherapy, ya haifar da sakamako mai kyau. A cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, marasa lafiya da suka karɓi wannan haɗin gwiwa suna da 22% ƙananan haɗarin mutuwa fiye da waɗanda suka karɓi chemotherapy kawai. Wannan ya haifar da tsawon lokacin rayuwa da ingantaccen rayuwa mai yuwuwa.
An riga an amince da Imfinzi a wasu ƙasashe, kuma wannan amincewa ya ba da magani ga marasa lafiya a China, inda kusan 20% na shari'ar BTC na duniya ke faruwa.
Yaya Imfinzi Aiki?
Yana cikin wani nau'in magungunan ciwon daji da ake kira immunotherapy, wanda ke amfani da tsarin garkuwar jiki don yaƙar kansa. Imfinzi yana hari kuma yana hana PD-L1, furotin da ƙwayoyin kansa ke amfani da su don guje wa tsarin rigakafi. Wannan yana inganta sel na rigakafi' ikon ganewa da yaƙar ƙwayoyin ƙari.
Duk da yake wannan labari ne mai kyau, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike a wannan yanki. Ana buƙatar yin nazari na dogon lokaci da tasiri a cikin yawan marasa lafiya daban-daban.
Duk da haka, wannan amincewa yana kawo sabon bege ga masu fama da ciwon daji na biliary fili kuma yana nuna yuwuwar rigakafin rigakafi a cikin maganin ciwon daji.
Ka Fahimtar Ka: Duban Kusa da Matsaloli daban-daban na Myeloma da yawa
Gwajin Ciwon daji a kasar Sin ya haifar da haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Yunkurin da kasar Sin ta yi na gudanar da bincike kan cutar daji na samar da sakamako mai kyau, inda gwaje-gwajen asibiti ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar kansa.
CAR-T Magungunan Kwayoyin cuta
CAR-T tantanin halitta wata hanya ce mai ban sha'awa kuma dabarar magance cutar kansa ta juyin juya hali wacce kwanan nan ta sami babban ci gaba a cikin binciken asibiti a kasar Sin. CAR-T cell far ya haɗa da gyaggyara ƙwayoyin T na majiyyaci don bayyana masu karɓar antigen na chimeric (CARs), waɗanda ke ganewa da lalata ƙwayoyin ƙari.
Gwaje-gwaje da yawa a kasar Sin a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata sun cika tsarin kera da tsarin bayarwa na CAR-T, wanda ya haifar da ƙimar amsa mai ban sha'awa a cikin wasu cututtukan daji na jini kamar lymphoma da cutar sankarar bargo lokacin da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali suka gaza.
Wani filin bincike mai gudana shine ci gaban Magungunan CAR-T niyya sabbin antigens da ke da alaƙa da faɗuwar kewayon cututtukan jini da ƙaƙƙarfan ciwace-ciwace.
PD-1 masu hanawa
Masu hana PD-1 sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin maganin rigakafi na ciwon daji. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gwaje-gwaje na asibiti da yawa a kasar Sin sun binciki magungunan hanawa na PD-1 akan nau'ikan ciwon daji iri-iri.
Waɗannan magungunan suna aiki kamar ƙananan shingen hanya, suna hana ƙwayoyin cutar kansa aika “sigina tasha” zuwa ƙwayoyin T na rigakafi. Tare da waɗannan shingaye a wurin, ƙwayoyin T sun sami 'yanci, suna gane da kuma kai hari ga ciwon daji tare da ƙarin iko.
Musamman ma, masu hana PD-1 sun nuna babban alƙawarin a cikin gwaje-gwajen ciwon huhu na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓaka ƙimar amsa gabaɗaya, rayuwa marar ci gaba, da rayuwa gabaɗaya idan aka kwatanta da chemotherapy.
Manufa da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Maganin ciwon daji da aka yi niyya wanda ke hana takamaiman ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na ci gaban ƙari da ci gaba ya fito a matsayin maɓalli na ginshiƙi na daidaitaccen ilimin oncology. Mafi saurin ci gaba a cikin maganin da aka yi niyya ya faru ne a cikin cutar kansar huhu, tare da gwaje-gwajen China na kwanan nan na wakilai kamar anlotinib, da icotinib gano ƙimar amsawa da haɓaka rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da amincewar ƙa'idodi da yawa. Har ila yau, gwaje-gwajen suna nazarin hanyoyin da aka yi niyya da aka yi daidai da masu alamar halitta a cikin hanta, ciki, da ciwon daji.
Haɗin Magunguna
Magungunan haɗin gwiwar, waɗanda ke amfani da magunguna biyu ko fiye da dabaru daban-daban, suna samun karɓuwa a yaƙin da Sin ke yi da cutar kansa. Wannan hanyar tana da nufin magance iyakokin jiyya guda ɗaya ta hanyar yuwuwar haɓaka inganci, rage juriya, da rage mummunan sakamako.
Haɗin maganin da aka yi niyya tare da immunotherapy, jiyya na gado, ko wasu hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ana bincika sosai don cimma fa'idodin haɗin gwiwa akan nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban.
Waɗannan haɗe-haɗe suna nuna haɗin kai na musamman, tare da gwaje-gwaje na baya-bayan nan da ke nuna ƙimar amsa har zuwa 90% ba tare da ƙarin guba idan aka kwatanta da magunguna ɗaya kaɗai.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) far hanya ce mai ƙarfi da keɓaɓɓen immunotherapy don wasu ƙaƙƙarfan ciwace-ciwace. Yana kunna tsarin rigakafi na majiyyaci ta hanyar tattarawa da haɓaka ƙwayoyin T masu fama da ƙari waɗanda ke cikin ƙwayar cuta ta zahiri. Wadannan "sojojin da aka horar," da aka sani da TILs, an sake dawo da su cikin majiyyaci, a shirye su gane da kuma kawar da kwayoyin cutar kansa.
Ba kamar ƙwayoyin CAR T ba, waɗanda aka ɓullo da su don ƙaddamar da takamaiman alamomi akan ƙwayoyin cutar kansa, TILs suna da fa'ida mai girma: sun gane nau'ikan hari da yawa akan ƙwayar cutar kansa. Wannan saboda sun riga sun shiga cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna koyon "hannun yatsa" na abokan gaba.
Wannan tsarin da aka haɗa da yawa ya sa ya fi wuya ga ƙwayar cuta ta guje wa jiyya ta hanyar ɓoye manufa guda ɗaya, wanda ke ba da babbar fa'ida ta warkewa.
Gwajin Cutar Cancer A Kasar Sin Suna Samun Hankalin Duniya
Yunkurin da kasar Sin ta yi na gudanar da bincike kan cutar daji na samar da sakamako mai ban mamaki, inda gwaje-gwajen asibiti ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da sabbin hanyoyin warkewa. Wannan karuwar ayyukan ba wai kawai babban ci gaba ne ga kasar Sin ba, har ma yana ba da fata ga yaki da cutar daji a duniya.
Girman Lamba Da Diversity
Adadin gwaje-gwajen asibiti a kasar Sin yana karuwa, wanda ke rufe nau'ikan cututtukan daji, daga nau'ikan da aka saba amfani da su kamar su huhu da kansar ciki zuwa wadanda ba a saba gani ba. Wannan bambance-bambancen yana bawa masu bincike damar bincika hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daban-daban don ciwon daji.
Nagartattun Magunguna
Masu bincike suna binciken sabbin magungunan rigakafi kamar CAR-T cell far da PD-1 inhibitors, da kuma hanyoyin maganin kwayoyin halitta da magungunan da aka yi niyya dangane da takamaiman maye gurbi. Waɗannan suna riƙe da alƙawarin jiyya na keɓaɓɓen da tsare-tsaren jiyya mafi inganci.
Juyin Juyin Halittu Liquid
Kasar Sin tana nazari sosai kan biopsy na ruwa, hanya mara cin zarafi don nazarin jini don DNA ƙari da sauran alamomi. Wannan yana buɗe kofofin ganowa da wuri da kuma sa ido na ainihin lokacin martanin jiyya.
Haɗin kai Da Ƙirƙiri
Kasar Sin na kara yin aiki tare da masu bincike da kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa don saukaka musayar ilmi da kuma hanzarta samar da sabbin magunguna. Wannan yana haɓaka tsarin bincike na duniya na ciwon daji, wanda ke amfana da marasa lafiya a duniya.
Final Zamantakewa
Yayin da muke kammala wannan labarin kan gwajin cutar daji a kasar Sin, yana da kyau a gane cewa wannan shi ne mafari kawai. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da ke gudana, waɗanda suka kama daga maganin rigakafi na juyi zuwa hanyoyin magani na keɓaɓɓu, suna da tasiri mai yawa a kan iyakokin ƙasa. Kowane mataki na ci gaba a kasar Sin yana da tasiri a duniya, yana ba da bege ga masu fama da cutar, da inganta yaki da wannan cuta mai sarkakiya.
