I-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Iyini i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Umdlavuza oqala ku-nasopharynx, etholakala phezulu ngemuva komphimbo futhi ngemuva kwekhala, ubizwa ngokuthi i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

E-United States, i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma iwuhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lomdlavuza. Kwenzeka kaningi kwezinye izifunda zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-nasopharyngeal carcinoma kwaziwa kakhulu. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuhlola i-nasopharynx, futhi izimpawu ze-nasopharyngeal carcinoma zifana nezinye izimo ezivame kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yalokhu kokubili ngokuvamile yilokho okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Wena kanye nodokotela wakho kufanele nixoxe ngezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kuwena ekukhanyeni okucacile kwesimo sakho.

Izimpawu ze-nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma ingase ingabangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-nasopharyngeal carcinoma zihlanganisa:

Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal zingabandakanya:
- ingquza egolo engasuki after 3 weeks
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa (imvamisa kuphela endlebeni eyodwa)
- i-tinnitus (ukuzwa imisindo evela ngaphakathi emzimbeni kunokuba ivela emthonjeni ongaphandle)
- ikhala elivinjiwe noma eliminyene (imvamisa livinjwa ohlangothini olu-1 kuphela)
- ukopha ngamakhala
- izinhlungu zekhanda
- umbono kabili
- ukuba ndikindiki engxenyeni engezansi yobuso bakho
- izinkinga zokugwinya
- izwi elihoshozelayo
- ukuncipha kwesisindo ngokungenhloso

Ukuxilongwa kwe-nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuze kutholakale umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal:

i-neendoscopy – itheleskopu (i-endoscope) ezacile, eguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) ifakwa ekhaleni lakho bese idlula emphinjeni wakho ukuze ibheke noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle; uvamise ukuphaphama kodwa isibulali-zinzwa sasendaweni singasetshenziswa ukuthulisa ikhala lakho nomphimbo
imaging scans – MRI scans, CT scans or PET-CT scans can be used to look for tumours and check if the cancer has spread
i-panendoscopy - ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwekhala lakho nomphimbo okwenziwa ngaphansi kokubulala izinzwa okuvamile (lapho uqulekile) kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwezibonakude ezincane, eziqinile ezixhunywe ndawonye
a i-biopsy – lapho isampula lethishu elincane likhishwa ngesikhathi se-panendoscopy ukuze lihlolwe elabhorethri

Ukwelashwa kwe-nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Uma kwenzeka kutholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal, uzothola ukwelashwa eqenjini lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abahlukene ababambisene njengengxenye yethimba le-multidisciplinary (MDT).

Ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa kwe-multidisciplinary care (MDT) lizokhuluma nawe ukuze linqume ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo elikholelwa ukuthi zingakuzuzisa kakhulu.

Izindlela ezi-2 zokwelashwa eziyinhloko zomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal yilezi:

i-radiotherapy – lapho kusetshenziswa imisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza
imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali – lapho umuthi usetshenziswa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza

Inhlanganisela ye-radiotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy ivame ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile akusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal ngoba kunzima ukuthi odokotela abahlinzayo bafinyelele endaweni ethintekile.

Uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuthi uyeke. Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokubuya komdlavuza futhi kungase kubangele imiphumela engemihle eminingi evela ekwelashweni.

I-Radiotherapy kumdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal

I-Radiotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ekhethwayo yomdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal isikhathi esiningi. Ungayisebenzisa yona yodwa ukwelapha umdlavuza usaqala, noma ungawuhlanganisa ne-chemotherapy ukwelapha umdlavuza osezigabeni ezithuthuke kakhulu.

I-radiotherapy evela ngaphandle iyona esetshenziswa isikhathi esiningi. Imisebe yemisebe enamandla amakhulu igxiliswa umshini endaweni yomzimba odinga ukwelashwa. Ekwelapheni umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal, kusetshenziswa uhlobo olusha noluthuthuke kakhulu lwe-radiotherapy yangaphandle eyaziwa ngokuthi i-intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) isetshenziswa.

Kuhlanganisa ukuqondisa imisebe yemisebe yokuqina namandla ahlukahlukene esimila kuyilapho ukhumbula ama-engeli ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwandisa inani lemisebe elethwa kuthumba ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela esicubuni esinempilo esisizungezile.

I-stereotactic radiotherapy iyindlela eyengeziwe yokuphatha i-radiotherapy ngaphandle, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukukhomba indawo ethile emzimbeni lapho umdlavuza ususabalele khona ubuyele endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni.

Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli zithola i-radiotherapy yazo yangaphandle ngezikhathi ezimfushane kanye ngosuku, kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu, ngekhefu ngezimpelasonto.