I-myeloma eminingi

Iyini i-myeloma eminingi?

I-myeloma eminingi i-plasma cell malignancy. Amasosha omzimba athembele kumaseli e-plasma avamile, akhona emnkantsheni wamathambo. Amasosha omzimba akhiwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamangqamuzana abambisana ukulwa nezifo nezinye izifo. Ama-T cell nama-B cell ayizibonelo zama-lymphocyte (ama-lymph cell), angenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi esimisweni somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ama-lymphocyte angatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kuwo wonke umzimba, okuhlanganisa ama-lymph nodes, umnkantsha, amathumbu, kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi.

Amaseli B ayavuthwa futhi aguquke abe amaseli e-plasma ukuphendula ukutheleleka. Ama-antibodies (aziwa nangokuthi ama-immunoglobulins) akhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-plasma futhi asize umzimba uhlasele futhi uqede izifo. Amaseli e-plasma atholakala ngokuyinhloko kumnkantsha wamathambo. Izicubu ezithambile ezingaphakathi emathanjeni zibizwa ngokuthi umnkantsha. Amanye amangqamuzana egazi, njengamangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe nama-platelet, ahlala emnkantsheni ovamile wamathambo ngaphezu kwamangqamuzana e-plasma.

I-Myeloma eminingi yisimo lapho amangqamuzana e-plasma eba yingozi futhi anda angalawuleki. I-Monoclonal immunoglobulin, iphrotheni ye-monoclonal (i-M-protein), i-M-spike, noma i-paraprotein wonke amagama e-aberrant protein (antibody) ekhiqizwa amaseli e-plasma.

Ezinye izifo ze-plasma cell, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinamaseli e-plasma ahlukile kodwa awahlangabezani nenqubo yokuhlukaniswa njenge-myeloma eminingi esebenzayo. Lokhu okulandelayo ezinye zezinkinga ze-plasma cell:

• I-Monoclonal gammopathy yokubaluleka okungaqinisekile (MGUS)
• I-Myeloma eminingi ebhemayo (SMM)
• I-plasmacytoma eyodwa
• Iketango elikhanyayo i-amyloidosis.

Izimpawu ze-myeloma eminingi

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-myeloma eminingi zingahluka futhi, ekuqaleni kwesifo, kungase kungabikho.

Uma izimpawu nezimpawu zenzeka, zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu bethambo, ikakhulukazi emgogodleni noma esifubeni
• I-nausea
• ukuqunjelwa
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Inkungu yengqondo noma ukudideka
• Ukukhathala
• Izifo ezitholakala njalo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki emilenzeni yakho
• Ukoma ngokweqile

Izinkinga ze-myeloma eminingi

Akwaziwa ukuthi yini ebangela i-myeloma. I-Myeloma kucatshangwa ukuthi iqala ngengqamuzana elilodwa le-plasma elingashintshile emnkantsheni wakho, okuyizicubu ezithambile, ezikhiqiza igazi ezigcwalisa ingxenye enkulu yamathambo akho. I-aberrant cell ikhula ngokushesha.

Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza awavuthwa futhi kamuva ayafa njengamangqamuzana avamile, aqoqa futhi agcine edlula ukwakhiwa kwamaseli anempilo. Amaseli e-Myeloma akhama amangqamuzana egazi anempilo emnkantsheni, okubangela ukukhathala nokungakwazi ukulwa nezifo.

Amaseli e-Myeloma, njengamaseli e-plasma anempilo, ayaqhubeka ezama ukwenza amasosha omzimba, kodwa akhiqiza amasosha omzimba ahlanekezelwe umzimba ongakwazi ukuwasebenzisa. Esikhundleni salokho, amasosha omzimba aphikisayo (amaprotheni e-monoclonal, noma amaprotheni e-M) anqwabelana emzimbeni, abangele izinkinga ezinjengokulimala kwezinso. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza nawo angabangela ukuwohloka kwethambo, okwandisa amathuba okuphuka kwethambo.

Ukuxhumana ne-MGUS

I-Myeloma eminingi cishe njalo iqala njengesimo esibucayi esibizwa ngokuthi i-monoclonal gammopathy yokubaluleka okungaqinisekisiwe (MGUS).

I-MGUS, njenge-myeloma eminingi, ibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaphrotheni e-M - akhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-plasma angajwayelekile - egazini lakho. Nokho, ku I-MGUS, amazinga ama-M amaprotheni aphansi futhi akukho monakalo owenzekayo emzimbeni.

Izici zengozi

Izinto ezingase zandise ingozi ye-myeloma eminingi zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhula kweminyaka. Ingozi yakho ye-myeloma eminingi iyanda njengoba ukhula, abantu abaningi baxilongwa phakathi neminyaka yawo-60.
• Ubulili besilisa. Abesilisa banamathuba amaningi okuba nalesi sifo kunabesifazane.
• Uhlanga olumnyama. Abantu abamnyama banamathuba amaningi okuba ne-myeloma eminingi kunabantu bezinye izinhlanga.
• Umlando womndeni we-myeloma eminingi. Uma umfowenu, udadewabo noma umzali ene-myeloma eminingi, unengozi eyengeziwe yesifo.
• Umlando womuntu siqu we-monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). I-myeloma eminingi cishe njalo iqala njenge I-MGUS, ngakho ukuba nalesi simo kwandisa ingozi yakho.

Izinkinga ku-myeloma eminingi

Izinkinga ze-myeloma eminingi zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka njalo. Amaseli e-Myeloma avimbela ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo.
• Izinkinga zamathambo. I-Myeloma eminingi ingase ithinte amathambo akho, okuholela ebuhlungu bethambo, amathambo amancane namathambo aphukile.
• Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso. I-Myeloma eminingi ingase ibangele izinkinga ngokusebenza kwezinso, kuhlanganise nokuhluleka kwezinso.
• Inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-anemia). Njengoba amangqamuzana e-myeloma ekhipha amangqamuzana egazi avamile, i-myeloma eminingi ingabangela i-anemia nezinye izinkinga zegazi.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-myeloma eminingi 

Lapho udokotela wakho ethola i-myeloma eminingi ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesinye isifo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-myeloma eminingi. Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi une-myeloma eminingi ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nezimpawu, kungatholakala.

Ukuhlolwa nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-myeloma eminingi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwaselabhorethri kwegazi lakho kungase kwembule amaprotheni e-M akhiqizwa amaseli e-myeloma. Enye iphrotheni engavamile ekhiqizwa amaseli e-myeloma - ebizwa ngokuthi i-beta-2-microglobulin - ingase ibonakale egazini lakho futhi inikeze udokotela wakho izinkomba mayelana nolaka lwe-myeloma yakho.

  Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho, ukubala kwamangqamuzana egazi, amazinga e-calcium namazinga e-uric acid kunganikeza udokotela wakho imikhondo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho.

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo wakho kungase kubonise amaprotheni angu-M, abizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni e-Bence Jones lapho etholwa emchameni.

• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wakho. Udokotela wakho angase asuse isampula yomnkantsha ukuze ahlolwe elabhorethri. Isampula iqoqwa ngenaliti ende efakwe ethanjeni (i-bone marrow aspiration kanye ne-biopsy).

  Elebhu, isampula ihlolelwa amaseli e-myeloma. Ukuhlola okukhethekile, okufana ne-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kungahlaziya amaseli e-myeloma ukuze kuhlonzwe ukuguqulwa kofuzo.

• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kungase kunconywe ukuze kutholwe izinkinga zamathambo ezihlobene ne-myeloma eminingi. Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise i-X-ray, i-MRI, i-CT noma i-positron emission tomography (PET).

Ukwelashwa kwe-myeloma eminingi

Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu, ukulawula izinkinga zokugula, ukusimamisa isimo sakho, futhi kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-myeloma eminingi uma uhlushwa izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-myeloma

Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe kugxile ebuthakathakeni obuthile obukhona kumaseli omdlavuza. Ngokuvimbela lokhu okungahambi kahle, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlosiwe kungabangela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi afe.
• I-Immunotherapy. I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomdlavuza. Amasosha omzimba alwa nesifo angase angawuhlaseli umdlavuza wakho ngoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhiqiza amaprotheni awasiza ukuba acashe kumaseli amasosha omzimba. I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa leyo nqubo.
• I-Chemotherapy. I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Izidakamizwa zibulala amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha, kuhlanganise namaseli e-myeloma. Imithamo ephezulu yemithi ye-chemotherapy isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokufakelwa komnkantsha.
• Ama-Corticosteroids. Imithi ye-Corticosteroid ilawula amasosha omzimba ukulawula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Aphinde asebenze ngokumelene namaseli e-myeloma.

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha. Ukufakelwa komnkantsha, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-stem cell transplant, kuyinqubo yokufaka umnkantsha wakho ogulayo esikhundleni somnkantsha onempilo.

  Ngaphambi kokufakelwa komnkantsha, ama-stem cells akha igazi aqoqwa egazini lakho. Bese uthola imithamo ephezulu ye-chemotherapy ukuze ucekele phansi umnkantsha wakho wethambo onesifo. Khona-ke ama-stem cells akho afakwa emzimbeni wakho, lapho aya khona emathanjeni akho futhi aqale ukwakha kabusha umnkantsha wakho.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imishayo yamandla enamandla amakhulu evela emithonjeni efana namaX-ray nama-proton ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingase isetshenziselwe ukuncipha ngokushesha amaseli e-myeloma endaweni ethile - isibonelo, lapho iqoqo lamaseli e-plasma angajwayelekile akha isisu (plasmacytoma) ebangela ubuhlungu noma ecekela phansi ithambo.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell: Ukwelashwa kwe-CAR T-cell, uhlobo lwe-immunotherapy, manje isiyatholakala kubantu abathile abane-myeloma eminingi. I-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igunyaze i-idecabtagene vicleucel (Abecma) ngoMashi 26 kubantu abane-myeloma eminingi engazange iphendule noma iphinde ibuyele emuva ngemuva kokwelashwa okungenani okune komdlavuza kwangaphambilini. 

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono kakhulu ungabhalela ku info@cancerfax.com noma umyalezo + 91 96 1588 1588.