Mesothelioma

Ungqimba oluncane lwezicubu ezimboza ingxenye enkulu yezitho zakho zangaphakathi yilapho i-mesothelioma eyingozi, uhlobo lomdlavuza, iqala khona (i-mesothelium).

Uhlobo lomdlavuza olunolaka futhi olubulalayo yi-mesothelioma. Kukhona zokwelapha i-mesothelioma ezitholakalayo, kodwa ezigulini eziningi ze-mesothelioma, ikhambi alinakwenzeka.

Kuye nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ye-mesothelium esengozini, odokotela bahlukanisa i-mesothelioma ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene. Izicubu ezizungezile amaphaphu zivame ukuthinteka kakhulu yi-mesothelioma (pleura). I-Pleural mesothelioma yigama lalolu hlobo. Izicubu ezisesiswini (i-peritoneal mesothelioma), inhliziyo, namasende konke kuthinteka ezinye, izinhlobo ezingajwayelekile ze-mesothelioma.

I-Mesothelioma umdlavuza obangelwa i-asbestos. Ivame ukuvela olwelweni lwamaphaphu noma esiswini. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila siyizinyanga eziyi-18 - 31 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, kodwa ukubikezela kungase kube ngcono ngokwelashwa. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya kanye nokukhathala okuvamile.

Izimpawu ze-mesothelioma

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-mesothelioma ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza uvela kuphi.

Pleural mesothelioma, okuthinta izicubu ezizungezile amaphaphu, kubangela izimpawu nezimpawu ezingase zihlanganise:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Izigaxa ezingavamile zezicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba esifubeni sakho
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe

I-Peritoneal mesothelioma, okwenzeka esicutshini esiswini, kubangela izimpawu nezimpawu ezingase zihlanganise:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu
• I-nausea
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe

Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-mesothelioma zingavamile kakhulu, akucaci ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu nezimpawu zezinye izinhlobo.

Ubuhlungu besifuba nobunzima bokuphefumula kuyizimpawu ezimbili ze-mesothelioma ye-pericardial, ethinta izicubu ezizungeze inhliziyo.

Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala kwesende kungase kube uphawu lokuqala lwe-mesothelioma ye-tunica vaginalis, oluthinta izicubu ezizungeze amasende.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-mesothelioma

Udokotela wakho uzohlola umzimba ukuze abheke izigaxa noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile uma ubonisa izimpawu nezimpawu ezingase zikhomba ku-mesothelioma.

Ukuze uhlole izinto ezididayo, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njenge-X-ray yesifuba kanye ne-computed tomography (CT) yesifuba noma isisu sakho.

Ungenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngenxa yemiphumela ukuze uthole ukuthi i-mesothelioma noma esinye isifo siyimbangela yezimpawu zakho.

Biopsy

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi une-mesothelioma iwukuba ne-biopsy, indlela yokukhipha ingxenye encane yezicubu ukuze ihlaziywe elabhorethri. Udokotela wakho ukukhethela inqubo efanele ye-biopsy ngokusekelwe endaweni eyonakele yomzimba wakho.

Izinketho zihlanganisa:

Ukusebenzisa inaliti ukubhoboza isikhumba: Ngenaliti encane edabula esikhunjeni sesifuba noma sesisu sakho, udokotela angase akhiphe uketshezi noma ucezu lwethishu.

Ukuthola isampula yethishu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa: Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kungase kuthathwe uketshezi noma isampula yethishu. Ukuze ubuke ngaphakathi kwesifuba noma esiswini sakho, udokotela ohlinzayo angase enze imbobo encane futhi afake ishubhu ngekhamera yevidiyo. Ukuze uthole isampula yethishu, amathuluzi akhethekile angafakwa ngeshubhu.

Isampula yethishu ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholwe izinhlobo zamaseli akhona kanye nokunquma ukuthi izicubu eziphikisayo ziyi-mesothelioma yini. Isu lakho lokwelapha lisekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-mesothelioma onalo.

Ububanzi nezigaba

Iziphi izivivinyo ezidingekayo kuwe zizonqunywa udokotela wakho. Konke ukuhlolwa akudingekile kuwo wonke umuntu.

Umdlavuza wakho unikezwa isigaba udokotela wakho ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalokhu kuhlolwa. Izinombolo zesiRoman ukusuka ku-I kuye ku-IV zisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa izigaba ezahlukahlukene ze-pleural mesothelioma. Amathuba okuthi umdlavuza utholakala endaweni ezungeze amaphaphu inyuka ngenani eliphansi, futhi iyanda ngenani eliphezulu uma isifo sesidlulele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Njengoba ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bethuthukisa ukuxilonga nokwelashwa komdlavuza, uhlelo lokubeka umdlavuza lulokhu lushintsha futhi luba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ukwelashwa okufanele uzikhethele udokotela wakho ngokusekelwe esigabeni somdlavuza wakho.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-mesothelioma azinazo izigaba ezisemthethweni.

Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma

Inkambo yokwelashwa kwakho kwe-mesothelioma izoncika empilweni yakho iyonke kanye nesiteji nendawo yobuhlungu bakho.

Ngeshwa, i-mesothelioma ivamise ukuba yisifo esihlaselayo, futhi ezigulini eziningi, akukho ukwelashwa. Lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeke kusetshenziselwe ukususa ukonakala, i-mesothelioma ivame ukutholwa esigabeni esithuthukile. Kunalokho, ukuze uthuthukise izinga lakho lempilo, udokotela wakho angase azame ukulawula umdlavuza wakho.

Yabelana ngezinjongo zokwelapha zikadokotela wakho. Abanye abantu bazokwenza konke okusemandleni ukwelapha umdlavuza wabo, ngisho noma kusho ukubekezelela imiphumela engemihle ukuze bathole ithuba elincane lokululama. Abanye bafuna ukwelashwa okunethezekile okubavumela ukuthi baphile izinsuku zabo ezisele bengenazimpawu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuhlinzwa

Lapho i-mesothelioma itholwa kusenesikhathi, odokotela abahlinzayo balwela ukuyisusa. Lokhu kungase kwelaphe ngisho nomdlavuza kwezinye izimo.

Isikhathi esiningi, umdlavuza awukwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, ukuhlinzwa kungase kukwazi ukunciphisa izinkomba nezimpawu ezihlobene nokusabalala kwe-mesothelioma.

Izinketho zokuhlinzwa ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcinwa koketshezi: Isifuba sakho singase sigcwale uketshezi oluvela ku-pleural mesothelioma, okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima. Ukuze bakhiphe uketshezi, odokotela abahlinzayo bafaka ishubhu noma i-catheter esifubeni sakho. Ukumisa uketshezi ukuthi lungabuyi, odokotela bangase futhi bajove umuthi esifubeni sakho (i-pleurodesis).

Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe izicubu ezizungezile zamaphaphu: Izicubu ezihlanganisa izimbambo namaphaphu zingase zisuswe ngodokotela abahlinzayo (i-pleurectomy). Nakuba kungelona ikhambi le-mesothelioma, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungase kudambise izimpawu.

Ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha amaphaphu nezicubu ezizungezile: Izimpawu ze-pleural mesothelioma kanye nezimpawu zingancishiswa ngokususa iphaphu elithintekile kanye nezicubu ezizungezile. Le ndlela futhi yenza ochwepheshe bezokwelapha banikeze imithamo ephezulu yokwelapha ngemisebe esifubeni njengoba bengeke bakhathazeke ngokuvikela amaphaphu akho emisebeni eyingozi.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Peritoneal mesothelioma: Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa ukususa i-mesothelioma ye-peritoneal ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy ingase inikezwe.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. I-mesothelioma engakwazi ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ingase inciphe noma ithuthuke kancane kancane nge-systemic chemotherapy, ezungeza wonke umzimba. Ukwengeza, i-chemotherapy ingase inikezwe ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa (i-adjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokuphinda umdlavuza noma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy) ukuze kube lula ukuhlinzwa.

Uma kwenzeka i-mesothelioma ye-peritoneal, imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ingase futhi ishise futhi ijovwe ngqo emgodini wesisu (i-intraperitoneal chemotherapy).

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kugxilisa imishayo enamandla amakhulu asuka emithonjeni efana namaX-reyi nama-proton aye endaweni ethile noma amabala emzimbeni wakho. Imisebe ingasetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Kungase futhi kusize ekwehliseni izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza oseqophelweni eliphezulu ezimeni lapho ukuhlinzwa kungeyona inketho.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Ezimweni ezithile, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zisetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-mesothelioma. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• I-Immunotherapy. I-Immunotherapy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomdlavuza. Amasosha omzimba wakho alwa nesifo angase angawuhlaseli umdlavuza wakho ngoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhiqiza amaprotheni aphuphuthekisa amangqamuzana amasosha omzimba. I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokuphazamisa leyo nqubo. Lokhu kwelashwa kungase kube inketho uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzi.
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezihlasela ubungozi obuthile kumaseli omdlavuza. Le mithi ayivamisile ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-mesothelioma, kodwa udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe okusekelwe emiphumeleni ye-mesothelioma. isisu Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA.