I-Hary cell leukemia

I-Hary cell leukemia iwumdlavuza wegazi ongavamile, okhula kancane kancane lapho umnkantsha wakho ukhiqiza inani eliningi ngokweqile lamaseli B (aziwa nangokuthi ama-lymphocyte), uhlobo lwengqamuzana elimhlophe legazi elilwa nokutheleleka.

Ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, lawa maseli B engeziwe awalungile futhi abukeka “obuboya”. Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi anempilo encane, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, namaplatelet ayakhiwa njengoba inani lamangqamuzana egazi leukemia likhuphuka.

Abesilisa banamathuba amaningi okuthi babe ne-hair cell leukemia kunabesifazane, kanti abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi noma abadala yibona abavame ukuthinteka. Iqiniso lokuthi i-cell leukemia enoboya ingase ingalokothi iphele ngemva kweminyaka yokukhululwa ngemva kokwelashwa iyenza ibe yisifo esingelapheki.

Izimpawu ze-hair cell leukemia

I-hair cell leukemia ingase ibonwe ngokungenhloso ngokuhlolwa kwegazi kwesinye isifo noma isimo ezigulini ezingenazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo noma izimpawu zesifo.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu abane-hayy cell leukemia bakhombisa izimpawu nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zezifo nezifo eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

• Umuzwa wokusutha esiswini sakho ongase ukwenze ungakhululeki ukudla ngaphezu kancane ngesikhathi
• Ukukhathala
• Ukulinyazwa okulula
• Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe
• Ukungabi namandla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hair cell leukemia

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba:

Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi ngabe i-spleen yakho yanda ngokuzwa isitho esimise okweqanda ngakwesokunxele kwesisu sakho esingaphezulu. Kungase kungajabulisi ukudla ngenxa yokungakhululeki kokugcwala esiswini sakho okulethwa ubende olukhulisiwe.

Ukwengeza, udokotela wakho angabheka ama-lymph nodes avuvukele angaba yikhaya lamaseli e-leukemia.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

Ukuze ulandelele inani lamangqamuzana egazi emzimbeni wakho, udokotela wakho wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi njengenani legazi eliphelele.

Izinombolo eziphansi zamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, namaplatelet akhona kubantu abane-hayy cell leukemia. Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwaziwa ngokuthi i-peripheral blood smear kuskena isampula yegazi lakho ukuze kutholwe amaseli anoboya we-leukemia.

I-Bone marrow biopsy:

Isampula encane yomnkantsha endaweni yakho ye-hip ithathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komnkantsha. Lesi sampula sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola amangqamuzana egazi akho anempilo futhi ubheke amaseli anoboya we-leukemia.

I-Computerized tomography (CT Scan): 

I-CT scan ibonisa izithombe ezinemininingwane yangaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Udokotela wakho anga-oda i-CT scan ukuze abone ukwanda kobende lwakho nama-lymph nodes akho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hair cell leukemia

I-biopsy yomnkantsha ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomnkantsha endaweni ye-hip. Amaseli akho egazi anempilo azohlolwa kulesi sampula kanye nanoma yimaphi amangqamuzana e-leukemia angamangqamuzana anoboya.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Izidakamizwa ezimbili ze-chemotherapy zisetshenziswa ku-hair cell leukemia:

• Cladribine. Ukwelashwa kwe-hair cell leukemia ngokuvamile kuqala nge-cladribine. Ungathola ukujovwa okuqhubekayo komuthi noma imijovo yansuku zonke emthanjeni phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

  Iningi labantu abathola i-cladribine bathola ukuxolelwa okuphelele okungahlala iminyaka eminingana. Uma i-cell leukemia yakho enoboya ibuya, ungelashwa nge-cladribine futhi. Imiphumela emibi ye-cladribine ingase ihlanganise ukutheleleka kanye nomkhuhlane.

• I-Pentostatin. I-Pentostatin (i-Nipent) ibangela amazinga okuxolelwa afana ne-cladribine, kodwa inikezwa ngeshejuli ehlukile. Abantu abasebenzisa i-pentostatin bathola imijovo njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Imiphumela emibi ye-pentostatin ingase ihlanganise umkhuhlane, isicanucanu nokutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji

I-Biological therapy izama ukwenza amangqamuzana omdlavuza abonakale kakhudlwana emasosheni akho omzimba. Uma amasosha akho omzimba ekhomba amangqamuzana omdlavuza njengabahlaseli, angaqala ukucekela phansi umdlavuza wakho.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokwelapha zebhayoloji zisetshenziswa ku-hair cell leukemia:

• I-Rituximab. Rituximab (Rituxan) is a monoclonal antibody approved to treat I-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, though it’s sometimes used in hairy cell leukemia.

  Uma izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zingakusebenzelanga noma awukwazi ukuthatha i-chemotherapy, udokotela wakho angase acabangele i-rituximab. Wena udokotela ungase futhi uhlanganise i-cladribine ne-rituximab. Imiphumela emibi ye-rituximab ihlanganisa umkhuhlane kanye nokutheleleka.

• I-Interferon. Njengamanje, indima ye-interferon ekwelapheni i-hair cell leukemia inqunyelwe. Ungathola i-interferon uma i-chemotherapy ingazange isebenze noma uma ungakwazi ukuthatha i-chemotherapy.

  Abantu abaningi bathola ukuxolelwa okuyingxenye nge-interferon, ethathwa unyaka. Imiphumela engemihle ihlanganisa izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane nokukhathala.

Other drugs that target the immune system may be recommended if your cancer returns or if it doesn’t respond to standard treatments. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo are studying new biological therapies and targeted therapies for treating hairy cell leukemia.

Ukuhlinzwa

Uma ngabe i-spleen yakho iqhuma noma iba nkulu futhi ibuhlungu, ukuhlinzwa ukuze uyisuse (i-splenectomy) ingase ibe yinto engenzeka. Nakuba ukukhishwa kwe-spleen kungeke kwelaphe i-hayy cell leukemia, ngokuvamile kubuyisela izibalo zegazi kwesijwayelekile.

Nakuba i-splenectomy ingavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hayy cell leukemia, ingase ibe usizo kwezinye izimo. Kuhlale kunethuba lokopha kanye nokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

I-CAR T-Cell therapy yokwelapha i-leukemia

I-Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy kuyindlela yokuthola amaseli omzimba abizwa ngokuthi T cells (a type of white blood cell) to fight cancer by changing them in the lab so they can find and destroy cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapy is also sometimes talked about as a type of i-cell-based gene therapy, ngoba kuhilela ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo ezingaphakathi kwama-T cell ukuze awasize ahlasele umdlavuza.

Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lungasiza kakhulu ekwelapheni ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ngisho nalapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasasebenzi.