I-lymphoma kaBurkitt

Iyini i-Burkitt's lymphoma?

IBurkitt lymphoma iyi-B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma engavamile futhi enolaka kakhulu (ekhula ngokushesha) (NHL). Umhlathi, isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, amathumbu, izinso, ama-ovaries kanye nezinye izitho zomzimba kungase kuthinteke kulesi simo. I-Burkitt lymphoma ingasakazeka ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni (CNS).

Burkitt i-lymphoma ibonakala ngokushintshashintsha (uhlobo lokuhlela kabusha) kofuzo olubizwa ngokuthi i-MYC, okwenza lokhu kube ukutholwa okubalulekile kokuxilongwa. I-Burkitt lymphoma ivamise ukudideka ne-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) enkulu esabalele, enye i-B-cell lymphoma enamandla kubantu abadala. Ngenxa yokuthi i-Burkitt lymphoma ne-DLBCL zelashwa ngendlela ehlukile, ukuhlonzwa okunembile kwe-Burkitt lymphoma kubalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyelulekwa ngokuqinile ukuthi iziguli zifune iseluleko sikachwepheshe we-lymphoma.

Izinhlobo ze-Burkitt lymphoma

I-Burkitt lymphoma engapheli

IBurkitt lymphoma wuhlobo lwe-lymphoma olutholakala e-Afrika kuphela. Iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-Burkitt lymphoma, kanye ne-malignancy evame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ivame izikhathi ezingu-50 e-equatorial Afrika naseNew Guinea kunase-United States. Umhlathi uyindawo evame kakhulu yezifo ezingapheli. Ifomu le-Burkitt lymphoma liye laxhunyaniswa ne-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

I-Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma

I-Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma wuhlobo lwe-lymphoma olungatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwe-B-cell NHL lubonakala ngaphansi kuka-1% wama-B-cell NHL amadala, kodwa lubalelwa ku-30% wawo wonke ama-lymphomas ezingane e-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Indawo evame kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo isimila sesisu.

I-Burkitt lymphoma ehlobene nokuzivikela komzimba

I-Burkitt lymphoma subtype ehlobene ne-Immunodeficiency ivame kakhulu ezigulini ezine-human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Iziguli ezinobuthakathaka bofuzo lokuzivikela ezifweni noma lezo ezithatha imishanguzo ye-immunosuppressive ukuze zinqande ukwenqatshwa ngemva kokufakelwa isitho somzimba nazo zisengozini.

Izimpawu ze-Burkitt's lymphoma

Izimpawu ze-sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma zihlanganisa:

• ukuvuvukala kwesisu
• ukuhlanekezela amathambo obuso
• ukuthuka ebusuku
• ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu
• i-thyroid ekhulisiwe
• amathoni akhulisiwe

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Burkitt's lymphoma

Umlando wezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-Burkitt's lymphoma. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yi-tumor biopsy. Isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi nomnkantsha kuvame ukubandakanyeka. Ukusabalala komdlavuza ngokuvamile kunqunywa ngokuhlola umnkantsha noketshezi lomgogodla.

I-Burkitt's lymphoma ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokusekelwe ku-lymph node kanye nokubandakanyeka kwesitho. Isiteji sesi-4 sichazwa ngokubandakanyeka komnkantsha wamathambo noma isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi. I-CT noma i-MRI scan ingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izitho nama-lymph nodes athintekayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Burkitt's lymphoma

I-Burkitt's lymphoma ngokuvamile iphathwa ngenhlanganisela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali Ama-ejenti asetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-Burkitt's lymphoma ahlanganisa:

• i-cytarabine
• i-cyclophosphamide
• i-doxorubicin
• i-vincristine
• imethotrexate
• etoposide

I-Rituximab, i-monoclonal antibody, ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ingahlanganiswa nayo ukwelashwa kwemisebe.

Ukugcina umdlavuza ungasabaleli ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali imithi ijova ngqo oketshezini lomgogodla. Igama elithi “intrathecal” libhekisela kulolu hlobo lomjovo. Imiphumela emihle kakhulu ixhunywe kubantu abathola okukhulu imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile akuqinile futhi kuyimpumelelo emazweni anezinsiza zokwelapha eziphansi.

Iziguli ze-Burkitt's lymphoma ziboniswe ukuthi zine-prognosis engcono kakhulu.

Ukuba khona kokuphazamiseka emathunjini kudinga ukuhlinzwa.