Izicubu zomzimba

Yiziphi izimila ze-bronchial?

Bronchial carcinoid tumours are neuroendocrine tumours that range in severity from low-grade typical carcinoids to more aggressive atypical carcinoids, exhibiting a wide variety of clinical and histologic characteristics. The imaging characteristics of both conventional and atypical bronchial carcinoids are identical. Because the majority of bronchial carcinoids are found in the central airways, radiologic observations are often associated with bronchial obstruction. Endobronchial nodules, hilar or perihilar masses with a close anatomic connection to the bronchus are all signs of central bronchial carcinoids. At radiography and computed tomography, the mass is usually a well-defined, round or oval lesion that is somewhat lobulated (CT). There may also be atelectasis, air trapping, obstructive pneumonitis, and mucoid impaction. Solitary nodules develop as peripheral bronchial carcinoids. Calcification is prevalent and can be seen on a CT scan. T2-weighted and short-inversion-time inversion recovery imaging resonance magnetic of bronchial carcinoids show a high signal intensity. Histologic features determine the prognosis of bronchial carcinoids: Certain characteristics of atypical carcinoids indicate that they are more aggressive. Atypical bronchial carcinoids have a poor prognosis, but typical bronchial carcinoids have a better prognosis. As a result, knowing the histologic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics of bronchial carcinoids aids in correct diagnosis and surgical planning.

Izimpawu ze-bronchial tumors

Ukukhwehlela, imfiva, i-expectoration, ukukhwehlela, i-hemoptysis, nokungakhululeki kwesifuba yizimpawu ezivamile. Ezinye iziguli zinezimpawu ezifana nesifuba somoya. I-Hemoptysis yenzeka okungenani ku-50% weziguli, okubonisa ukuthi lezi zicubu zine-vascular ngokwedlulele. Ngenxa yokuthi cishe u-25% weziguli awunazimpawu, i-bronchial carcinoids itholakala ngenhlanhla. Ngokungeziwe ku-triad evamile yabantu abadala yokukhwehlela, i-hemoptysis, ne-pneumonitis, iningi lezingane ezithintekayo lizwa ukuphefumula kanye ne-atelectasis. Iziguli ezine-ectopic hormone synthesis by the tumor, ikakhulukazi i-ACTH, zingase zibe nezimpawu. Cishe u-2% kuphela wama-bronchial carcinoids abonisa izimpawu ze-Cushing syndrome. I-Carcinoid syndrome ayijwayelekile (2% -5% yeziguli) futhi ayibangelwa umdlavuza we-bronchial ngaphandle uma kukhona ama-metastases esibindi. Ama-Metastase atholakala ku-15% we-bronchial carcinoids, futhi atholakala kakhulu esibindini, emathanjeni, ezindlala ze-adrenal, nasebuchosheni. Nalu uhlu:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhwehlela
• Izinguquko ekukhwehleleni okungapheli okukhona
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukushisa
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izifo zamaphaphu ezivamile (i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia, njll.)
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ubuhlungu be-Bone

Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchial tumors

Izimila kuqhoqhoqho kanye ne-bronchi zingavimbela indlela yokuphefumula, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula. Iningi lamathumba akhula ku-trachea kanye ne-bronchi kubantu abadala ayingozi, nakuba kukhona abambalwa abangekho. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila esiyingozi soqhoqhoqho i-squamous cell carcinoma, eqala endaweni engezansi yoqhoqhoqho.

Ochwepheshe bemikhakha eminingi yezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-airway e-Memorial Sloan Kettering banokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ekutholeni izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu zabantu abanoqhoqhoqho kanye nobuhlungu be-bronchi. Ukuhlinzwa, imishanguzo ye-bronchoscopic ehlinzekwa ngeshubhu elinekhamera encane efakwe emlonyeni nasemgudwini womoya, noma ukwelapha ngemisebe, kukodwa noma kuhlangene, konke okukhethwa kukho kokwelashwa.

Lokhu kwelashwa kungase kusetshenziselwe ukusiza ukubuyisela ukuphefumula nokunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili kwesimila ezigulini ezingezona ikhandidethi lokuhlinzwa okuphelele kwesimila.

Ukuhlinzwa kwezicubu ze-bronchial

Uma unesimila esinomdlavuza (esiyingozi) noma esingenawo umdlavuza (esiyingozi) esivala uqhoqhoqho ngaphansi kwesigamu, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kuwukwelashwa okukhethiwe. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izingxenye ezingenhla neziphansi zoqhoqhoqho, odokotela bethu abahlinzayo bangasusa isimila kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile.

Isimila soqhoqhoqho kungase kube nzima ukusikhipha ngokuhlinzwa. Igazi likaqhoqhoqho lintekenteke futhi lilimala kalula. Noma yimuphi umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi ezungeze uqhoqhoqho kwenza uqhoqhoqho lube nzima kakhulu ukululama, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izingozi zokuhlinzwa.

Odokotela bethu abahlinzayo baye bathola ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ezindleleni ezilondoloza ukugeleza kwegazi futhi zinciphise ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu, okwandisa amathuba okuba nomphumela ophumelelayo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Bronchoscopic

Uma isimila sakho sesithuthuke kakhulu futhi ukuhlinzwa kungeyona inketho, ungase ufaneleke ukuthola ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-palliative ukukusiza ukuthi uphefumule futhi kuyilapho unciphisa ukukhula kwesimila.

I-bronchoscope iyishubhu exhunywe ekhamera encane efakwa emlonyeni ukuze ilethe ukwelashwa kwe-bronchoscopy. Udokotela uhlola imigudu yokuphefumula esebenzisa i-bronchoscope bese efaka ishubhu le-endotracheal.

• I-Stent Therapy — Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukubeka ishubhu elincane elenziwe ngensimbi noma i-silicone - elaziwa ngokuthi i-tracheobronchial airway stent - endleleni yokuphefumula emincane noma ebambekile ukuze ihlale ivulekile.
• Ukwelashwa Kwe-Laser — This treatment involves using a highly focused beam of light to shrink or remove the isisu.
• I-Argon Beam Coagulation - Ngokufana nokwelashwa nge-laser, lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa ugesi negesi ye-argon ukubulala izicubu zesimila.
• I-Brachytherapy - I-bronchoscope isetshenziswa ukusiza ukuletha ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngqo endaweni yesimila, ibhubhise amaseli wesimila. I-Brachytherapy ingase inconywe lapho isiguli singakufanelekeli ukwelapha ngemisebe yangaphandle (okuchazwe ngezansi).
• I-bronchoscopy eqinile — Le nqubo yokunciphisa umzimba ihilela ukufaka i-bronchoscope eqinile (ishubhu eliqondile, elingenalutho) kuqhoqhoqho kanye nokukhipha izicubu zesimila ngaphakathi kwendlela yokuphefumula ngobubanzi.

Ukuze kudambise izimpawu futhi unikeze umphumela ongcono kakhulu, izindlela zokwelapha ezingenhla ze-bronchoscopic zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana.

Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation kuma-bronchial tumors

Ezinye iziguli ezine-trachea noma izimila ze-bronchial, kanye nalezo ezinamathumba athuthukele kuma-lymph node azungezile noma ezinye izingxenye zesifuba, zingase zelashwe ngokwelashwa ngemisebe yodwa noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

External-beam radiation, in which a beam of radiation is administered to the tumour location from an external source, is the most common method of radiation therapy for tracheal cancers. Patients who are not candidates for external-beam radiation therapy may benefit from i-brachytherapy, a localised kind of radiation therapy.

I-Chemotherapy kuma-bronchial tumors

I-Chemotherapy umuthi ojovwayo noma inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana ayingozi. I-Chemotherapy ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izimila ezinkulu ze-squamous cell tracheal ezingenakususwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganyela nokwelashwa ngemisebe.