I-aplastic anemia

Iyini i-aplastic anemia?

Lapho umzimba wakho uyeka ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi amasha anele, uthola i-aplastic anemia. Uzozizwa ukhathele, futhi uzoba sengozini yokuthola izifo kanye nokopha okungalawuleki ngenxa yalesi sifo.

I-aplastic anemia yisifo esingajwayelekile futhi esiyingozi esingahlasela noma ibuphi ubudala. Kungenzeka ngokuzumayo noma kuwohloke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungaba kusuka kokuncane kuye kokuqina.

Imithi, ukumpontshelwa igazi, noma a ukufakelwa kwe-cell stem, evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi a ukufakelwa komnwe we-bone, ingase isetshenziselwe ukwelapha i-aplastic anemia.

Iyini i-aplastic anemia?

I-Aplastic anemia yisimo lapho umnkantsha wakho wehluleka ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namhlophe anele, kanye nama-platelet. Amazinga e-hemoglobin ehla lapho kunamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ambalwa emzimbeni.

I-Hemoglobin iyingxenye yegazi ehambisa umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Usengozini yokuthola izifo uma unamaseli amhlophe egazi ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nama-platelet ambalwa kubangela ukuba igazi libe lincane kakhulu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi igazi lakho alijiki kahle.

Yini ebangela i-aplastic anemia?

I-anemia ye-aplastic ingabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. Ezinye izici zingalandelelwa emuva esifweni noma esimweni esidlule. Okulandelayo yizibonelo zezimbangela ezitholiwe:

• Umlando wezifo ezithile ezithathelwanayo (ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-HIV, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, i-CMV, noma i-paravirus B19)

• Umlando wokuphuza imithi ethile, njengama-antibiotics nama-anticonvulsants

• Ukuchayeka kubuthi obuthile, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo

• Ukuchayeka emisebeni

• Umlando wesifo se-autoimmune, njenge-lupus

• Isimo sefa

Izimpawu ze-aplastic anemia

I-anemia ye-aplastic ayinazo izimpawu. Uma zikhona, izimpawu nezimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo esheshayo noma esingajwayelekile
• Isikhumba esiphezulu
• Ukutheleleka njalo noma isikhathi eside
• Ukulimala okungachazeki noma okulula
• Ukopha ngamakhala nezinsini ezophayo
• Ukopha isikhathi eside ngokusikeka
• Ukukhwabanisa isikhumba
• isiyezi
• bekhanda
• Fever

Izimbangela ze-aplastic anemia

Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, namaplatelet wonke akhiqizwa ama-stem cells emnkantsheni wamathambo. I-anemia ye-aplastic idala umonakalo kuma-stem cells. Ngenxa yalokho, umnkantsha awunalutho (i-aplastic) noma uqukethe inani elincane lamangqamuzana egazi (hypoplastic) (hypoplastic).

I-Aplastic anemia ivame ukubangelwa amasosha akho omzimba ahlasela ama-stem cells emnkantsheni wakho. Ezinye izimbangela ezingalimaza umnkantsha futhi zibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamaseli egazi zihlanganisa:

I-Chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza. Nakuba lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezilwa nomdlavuza ziqondise kumaseli omdlavuza, zingalimaza namaseli anempilo, njengamaseli we-bone marrow stem. Le mithi ingase ibangele i-aplastic anemia njengomphumela ohlangothini wesikhashana.
Ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali anobuthi: I-aplastic anemia ixhunywe kumakhemikhali anobuthi njengalawo atholakala kuma-herbicides nezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye ne-benzene, ingxenye kaphethiloli. Uma uvimbela ukuchayeka kaningi ezintweni ezibangele ukugula kwakho, i-anemia yakho ingase ibe ngcono.
Kusetshenziswa imithi ethile. I-aplastic anemia ingabangelwa ezinye izidakamizwa, njengalezo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo kanye nama-antibiotics.
Izifo ezizenzakalelayo ziwuhlobo lwesifo se-autoimmune. Ama-stem cells emnkantsheni wakho angase ahileleke ekuguleni kwe-autoimmune lapho amasosha akho omzimba ehlasela amaseli anempilo.
Ukutheleleka okubangelwa igciwane : I-aplastic anemia ingabangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezithinta umnkantsha. I-Hepatitis, igciwane le-Epstein-Barr, i-CMV, i-parvovirus B19, ne-HIV zonke zihlobene ne-aplastic anemia.
Ukukhulelwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amasosha akho omzimba angase ahlasele umnkantsha wakho.
Izinto ezingaziwa: Odokotela ngokuvamile abakwazi ukunquma imbangela ye-aplastic anemia (idiopathic aplastic anemia).

Ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia ye-aplastic

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise amakhemikhali egazi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi nezinso, kanye nezifundo zofuzo.

• I-Bone marrow aspiration noma i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha uketshezi oluncane lomnkantsha wethambo (aspiration) noma izicubu zomnkantsha wamathambo (okuthiwa i-core biopsy). Lezi zivame ukuthathwa emathanjeni e-hip. Ahlolelwa inombolo, usayizi, nokuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana egazi noma amaseli angajwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-anemia ye-aplastic

Ukwelashwa kwe-aplastic anemia kusekelwe kulokhu:

• Iminyaka yakho yobudala, impilo yonke, nomlando wezokwelapha

• Ugula kanjani

• Ungayiphatha kahle kangakanani imithi ethile, izinqubo, noma izindlela zokwelapha

• Kulindeleke ukuthi isimo sihlale isikhathi esingakanani

• Umbono wakho noma okuthandayo

I-aplastic anemia yisimo esisongela ukuphila. Isizathu esiyinhloko ngokuvamile siyisici esinqumayo ekwelashweni. Ngemva kokwelashwa, ungase ukwazi ukululama ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Nokho, inkinga ingase iphinde ivele. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi ngenani eliphansi legazi kungabandakanya:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi (kokubili amaseli abomvu egazi namaplatelet)

• Ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic okuvimbela

• Inhlanzeko ukuvikela izifo

• Ukunakekela okukhethekile lapho wenza ukudla (njengokudla kuphela ukudla okuphekwe kahle)

• Ukugwema izindawo zokwakha, okungenzeka kube umthombo wesikhunta esithile

• Imithi yokuvuselela umnkantsha ukuthi ukhiqize amaseli

• Ukwelashwa ukunciphisa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba wakho

• Ukwelashwa kweHormone

Kubantu abathile, a ukufakelwa komnwe we-bone ingakwazi ukwelapha i-aplastic anemia.