Ama-Amyloidosis

Iyini i-amyloidosis?

I-Amyloidosis yisimo esingavamile futhi esidlulele sokufakwa kwamaprotheni. Iphrotheni engavamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid eyakha ezicutshini noma ezithweni ibangelwa yikho. Lapho izicubu noma isitho sanda enanini le-amyloid protein deposits, liphazamisa ukusebenza okunempilo kwezicubu noma isitho. I-amyloid protein deposits ekugcineni idala izimpawu nokwehluleka kwezitho. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-amyloidosis iyabulala.

Idiphozithi yeprotheyini ye-amyloid noma i-amyloidosis ingase ifakwe ezithweni ezinjengamaphaphu, isikhumba, esinyeni, noma amathumbu, noma ingase ibe yisistimu. "Isistimu" isho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthola amadiphozithi emzimbeni. Okuvame kakhulu i-amyloidosis engapheli. Ngisho noma i-amyloidosis ingelona uhlobo lomdlavuza, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi, njenge i-myeloma eminingi, ingahlotshaniswa nayo.

Isimo esingavamile kakhulu i-amyloidosis. Kube nzima ukufunda ngoba kuyivelakancane. Nokho, emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, odokotela nabacwaningi baye baqala ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-amyloidosis. Okuningi mayelana nalesi sifo kusaqhubeka kutholwa ucwaningo.

Izinhlobo ze-amyloidosis

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-amyloidosis, kuhlanganise nalezi ezilandelayo:

• Iketango elikhanyayo (AL) i-amyloidosis : E-United States, lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-amyloidosis. Amaprotheni angama-amyloid kulesi simo akheka ezicutshini aziwa ngokuthi amaketanga alula. Kungaba amaketanga alula e-kappa noma e-lambda. I-AL amyloidosis yisifo se-plasma cell. Amaseli e-plasma awuhlobo lwengqamuzana elimhlophe legazi elinesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-immunoglobulins noma amasosha omzimba awuhlobo lwamaprotheni olulwa nokutheleleka. Amaprotheni e-light chain anesimo esingalungile futhi athuthukiswa ngobuningi ku-AL amyloidosis. Zifakwa ezicutshini, futhi isitho esi-1 noma ngaphezulu singase sonakaliswe. Izitho ezivame ukuthinteka yinhliziyo, izinso, izinzwa kanye nesistimu yesisu. Njengoba i-AL amyloidosis ihlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaprotheni e-plasma, i-myeloma eminingi ihlobene nayo.
• I-amyloidosis ye-Autoimmune (AA): "I-amyloidosis yesibili" noma "i-amyloidosis evuthayo" ibizwa nangokuthi i-AA amyloidosis. I-amyloid protein eyakha ezicutshini ibizwa ngokuthi iphrotheni A kulesi simo. Ezinye izifo ezingapheli, njengesifo sikashukela, isifo sofuba, isifo samathambo, nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo, sihlotshaniswa ne-AA amyloidosis. Kungase kuhlobane nokuguga futhi. Ubende, isibindi, izinso, izindlala ze-adrenal, nama-lymph nodes kungase kuthinteke i-AA amyloidosis. Izitho ezincane ezimise okwebhontshisi ezimelana nokutheleleka zingama-lymph nodes.
• I-amyloidosis yofuzo noma yomndeni:Akuvamile ukuba ne-amyloidosis ezuzwe njengefa. Emkhayeni, ingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Amaprotheni akhiwe ku-hereditary amyloidosis angabangela izinkinga zenhliziyo futhi angabangela ukungahambi kahle kwe-carpal tunnel syndrome namehlo. Iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-transthyretinin iphakathi kwezinhlobo ezincane ezivame kakhulu (TTR).

Iphathwa kanjani i-amlydosis?

Ayelapheki i-Amyloidosis. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukunciphisa ukukhula kwephrotheni ye-amyloid kanye nokunciphisa izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile

Ukwelapha izimpawu ze-amyloidosis, lezi zidakamizwa zisetshenziswa:

• ukudambisa izinhlungu
• izidakamizwa zokulawula isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza
• ama-diuretics ukunciphisa ukugcwala koketshezi emzimbeni wakho
• imithi enciphisa igazi ukuvimbela amahlule egazi
• imithi yokulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho

Uhlobo lwe-amyloidosis onalo luyisisekelo sezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

I-AL amyloidosis

Nge-chemotherapy, leli fomu liyelashwa. Ngokuvamile, le mithi isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, kodwa ibulala amangqamuzana egazi anesici aqukethe amaprotheni e-amyloid ku-amyloidosis. Ungase ube ne-stem cell/bone marrow transplant ngemva kokuba usuthole i-chemotherapy esikhundleni samaseli omnkantsha awonakele.

Eminye imithi ongayithola ye-Al amyloidosis ihlanganisa:

Ama-Proteasome inhibitors: Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivimba izinto eziphula amaprotheni okuthiwa ama-proteasome.

Ama-Immunomodulators: Le mithi idambisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwamasosha omzimba.

AA amyloidosis

Ngokuya nge-trigger, leli fomu liyaphathwa. Ngama-antibiotics, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziphathwa. Imithi yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokuvuvukala.

I-amyloidosis ehlobene ne-dialysis

Lolu hlobo lungaphathwa ngokulungisa uhlobo lwe-dialysis olutholayo. Ukuthola ukufakelwa izinso kungenye indlela.

I-Hereditary amyloidosis

Uzodinga ukufakelwa isibindi ngoba iphrotheni engavamile edala leli fomu yakheka esibindini sakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangela i-amlydosis?

I-Amyloidosis ingalimaza noma yisiphi isitho lapho inqwabelana khona:

Ukulimala kwenhliziyo: I-Amyloidosis iphazamisa uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo yakho futhi yenze kube nzima ukuba inhliziyo yakho ishaye kahle. Enhliziyweni, i-amyloid ibangela ukuvuvukala, futhi ukuncipha kwesenzo sokupompa kwenhliziyo kubangela ukuphefumula nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Ungathola ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ekugcineni.

Ukulimala kwezinso: Ukulimala kwezisefo ezingaphakathi kwezinso zakho kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi lakho likhiphe ukungcola kulezi zitho ezimise okwebhontshisi. Izinso zakho kancane kancane zizosebenza ngokweqile, futhi ungase ube nenkinga yezinso.

Ukulimala kwezinzwa: Ungathola imizwa enjengokuba ndikindiki noma ukushotshozela eminweni nasezinzwaneni zakho lapho i-amyloid inqwabelana ezinzwa futhi izilimaza. Ezinye izinzwa, kuhlanganise nalezo ezilawula ukusebenza kwamathumbu noma umfutho wegazi, nazo zingase zithinteke yilesi sifo.

• Amazwana Avaliwe
• Septhemba 2nd, 2020