Umdlavuza Ohlobene Nengculazi

Iyini imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi?

Imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi iwuhlobo lomdlavuza okungenzeka ukuthi ube khona kubantu abane-human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). I-Kaposi sarcoma, i-non-lymphoma, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho we-Hodgkin, i-Hodgkin's lymphoma, kanye nomdlavuza womlomo, womphimbo, wesibindi, wamaphaphu, kanye ne-anus konke kuwumdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi.

Abahlinzeki bezempilo babona ukuthi ukutheleleka kwabo nge-HIV sekudlulele ku-AIDS njengoba abantu abane-HIV bekhula labo mdlavuza. Le midlavuza ibizwa ngokuthi imidlavuza exhumene nengculazi noma izifo ezihambisana nengculazi.

People who have AIDS are much more likely than people without the condition to get those kinds of cancer. That include sarcoma of Kaposi, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and cancer of the cervix.

Eminye imidlavuza, ebizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza okungeyona i-AIDS, ivamise ukwenzeka kubantu abane-HIV noma i-AIDS (NADCs). Kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi, le midlavuza maningi amathuba okuba yenzeke, kodwa ayiyona inkomba yokuthi lowo muntu usedlulele ku-AIDS. Umdlavuza onjalo uhlanganisa:

• Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo
• Umdlavuza we-anal
• Umdlavuza we-Lung
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• IHodgkin lymphoma

Yini ebangela umdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi?

Uma umuntu etheleleka nge-HIV, amasosha omzimba awasebenzi ngendlela okufanele asebenze ngayo. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu usengcupheni enkulu yokutheleleka ngezifo kanye nezifo ezihlala isikhathi eside (ezingamahlalakhona) njengomdlavuza.

Ubani osengcupheni yokuthola umdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi?

Having HIV or AIDS increases the risk for cancers linked to AIDS. In fact, in individuals who do not have HIV, I-Kaposi sarcoma akuvamile.

I-AIDS ihlobene nobungozi obukhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Kodwa imidlavuza ehambisana nengculazi ayisandile. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral noma anti-AIDS ithathwa abantu base-US

Yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi?

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza:

• I-Kaposi sarcoma. Lo mdlavuza udala amabala ansomi noma ansundu (izilonda) esikhumbeni sakho noma emlonyeni wakho. Kungase futhi kuthinte izitho zangaphakathi nezicubu, njengamaphaphu akho, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, nama-lymph nodes. Kungabangela ukushisa, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, nokuncipha kwesisindo.
• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Izimpawu ezivamile umkhuhlane, ukuncipha kwesisindo ngendlela engaqondakali, ukujuluka ebusuku, ama-lymph node avuvukele, nomuzwa wokugcwala esifubeni. I-Lymphoma ebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla ivamile. Lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukudideka, ukuquleka, nokukhathala okukhulu (ukukhathala).
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu cancer doesn’t cause symptoms until it’s grown and spread into nearby tissues. Then it may cause abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain during sex, and longer or heavier periods.
• Umdlavuza wendunu. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa ubuhlungu endaweni engemuva, ukopha, ukulunywa, ukushintsha kwemikhuba yamathumbu, noma isigaxa endaweni.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela okukhulu, okungase kukhuphule igazi. Ezinye izimpawu ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukukhathala nokuncipha komzimba.
• Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zomdlavuza eziqala kulezi zindawo. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile izilonda emlonyeni, ikhanda, intamo, umphimbo, ubuso, izinyo, noma ubuhlungu bendlebe. Ukopha okungavamile emlonyeni noma emakhaleni nakho kungase kwenzeke.
• Umdlavuza wesibindi. Lo mdlavuza ungabangela ubuhlungu besisu nokuvuvukala, isikhumba namehlo sibe phuzi (i-jaundice), ukuncipha kwesisindo, nokukhathala.
• I-Hodgkin lymphoma. Izimpawu ziyafana neze-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Ezinye izinkinga zempilo zingase zibukeke njengezimpawu zomdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona umhlinzeki wezempilo.

Itholakala kanjani imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi?

Cishe uyobonana nomhlinzeki wezempilo njalo uma une-HIV. Uzobuzwa ngempilo yakho ngalezi zikhathi zokuqokwa futhi uzohlolwa umzimba. Lokhu kusiza udokotela ukuthi alandelele izinto ezifana nezifo nezinye izinkinga, njengomdlavuza, isibonelo.

Uzodinga ukuhlolwa uma udokotela wakho ezwa sengathi unomdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi. Lokhu kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lomdlavuza ongase ube nalo. Angaqukatha:

• Isidumbu. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase athathe isampula (ucezu oluncane) lwethishu esilonda noma isigaxa. Isampula ihlolwa ngesibonakhulu ukubona ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. These can help diagnose some cancers and get an idea of your overall health.
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa. X-rays and CT or MRI scans create images of the inside of your body. They may be used to look for and help diagnose different cancers.
• Okunye ukuhlolwa. Depending on your symptoms, you may need other tests. For example, a woman’s healthcare provider may do a Pap test to check for cervical cancer. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) may be done to look for amaseli e-lymphoma in the fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Ingxenye yokuhlonza umdlavuza ibizwa ngokuthi i-staging. Isiteji wuhlelo lokubona ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini, nokuthi usabalele kuphi. Isiteji futhi kusiza ukunquma ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono kakhulu. Kunezinhlelo zesiteji ezahlukene ezisetshenziselwa imidlavuza eyahlukene, kodwa iningi lisukela esigabeni 1 kuya esigabeni 4, lapho isigaba sesi-4 siwumdlavuza osusabalele ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nesigaba somdlavuza wakho nokuthi usho ukuthini.

Yelashwa kanjani imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lomdlavuza ohambisana nengculazi nokuthi ususabalele kangakanani emzimbeni wonke. Ungase udinge okukodwa kwalokhu kwelashwa noma ngaphezulu:

• Imithi elwa ne-HIV. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqandeni igciwane le-HIV. Bangasiza ukunciphisa imiphumela engemihle yezinye izindlela zokwelapha (njengokutheleleka) futhi bathuthukise amathuba akho okululama.
• Ukuhlinzwa. Ukususa i- isisu may be an option for some cancers.
• I-Chemotherapy (i-chemo). Le mithi ingabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma iwavimbe ekukhuleni.
• I-Immunotherapy. Lokhu kwelashwa kusiza amasosha omzimba ukuthi agxile futhi abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuyilapho ebangela ukulimala okuncane kumaseli anempilo.
• Imisebe. Ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe zingasiza ukunciphisa noma ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Kuphinde kube yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokwako. Ukulawula igciwane, uzonikezwa ukwelashwa ngezidambisi gciwane (ART).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yomdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi?

Izinkinga ezingenzeka, kanye nemithi esetshenziswayo, incike efomini kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Ingase ibe nezinkinga:

• Ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka
• Ukopha kalula kanye nemihuzuko
• Ukukhathala
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Uhudo
• Isifiso esibi
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
• Ingozi ephezulu yeminye imidlavuza esikhathini esizayo

Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yini ongayihlola nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ukuze usize ukugwema izinkinga ukuthi zenzeke.

Ingavinjelwa kanjani imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi?

Ungasiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuba nomdlavuza ohlobene nengculazi ngokwenza lezi zinto:

• Thatha imithi yakho ye-antiretroviral ngendlela efanele ukuze ugcine amasosha akho omzimba eqinile.
• Ungabhemi futhi ungabhemi kagwayi. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye neminye imidlavuza, futhi.
• Nciphisa abalingani bakho bocansi, sebenzisa amakhondomu, futhi ungabhemi. Lokhu kungehlisa ingozi yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.
• Thola isimo sakho se-hepatitis. Umdlavuza wesibindi uhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza kubantu abane-HIV. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis zingelashwa.
• Yazi ukuthi igciwane elixhumene ne-Kaposi sarcoma lisakazwa ngamathe. Zama ukunciphisa ukuqabula okujulile nokunye ukuthintana namathe ophathina wakho.
• Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nomgomo we-HPV. Ukutheleleka nge-HPV kuxhumene neminye yale midlavuza. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV ungasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi kubantu abangakatheleleki kakade.

Zihlolele umdlavuza ngalezi zindlela:

• Izivivinyo zansuku zonke ze-pelvic kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap kufanele kuhlinzekwe kwabesifazane. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola nokwelapha amaseli angavamile kumhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza.
• Xoxa nomhlinzeki wakho ngokuhlolelwa i-Pap yokuthomalalisa. Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwamaseli endunu. Kwenziwa kwabesifazane kanjalo nabesilisa. Yize lolu cwaningo lungakaqiniseki futhi bengavuma bonke odokotela, lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni umehluko kumaseli endunu ukuze ngaphambi kokuba abe wumdlavuza, belapheke.

Ngiyilawula kanjani imidlavuza ehlobene nengculazi?

Uzodinga ukunakekelwa kokulandelela ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa ukuze:

• Hlola impendulo yakho ekwelashweni
• Lawula imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa
• Bheka ukubuya noma ukusabalala komdlavuza
• Gcina i-HIV ilawulwa

• Amazwana Avaliwe
• Septhemba 2nd, 2020