I-Inside Scoop mayelana Nezindleko Zokwelashwa Umdlavuza Webele eNdiya - Isambulo Okufanele Sifundwe!

Umdlavuza webele ubalelwa ku-31% wawo wonke umdlavuza otholakala kwabesifazane baseNdiya, okuwenza ube wuhlobo oluhamba phambili lomdlavuza. Lesi sifo esibucayi kufanele selashwe kusenesikhathi ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ibhulogi yethu ihlaziya izindleko zokwelapha umdlavuza webele e-India, ikunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ukuze uqonde izindleko kangcono.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho kwenza ithunzi elide phezu kweNdiya, njengoba iwumdlavuza ovame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Njalo ngonyaka, abesifazane abangaphezu kwe-1 lakh bathola ukuxilongwa okudabukisayo, kubikwa icala elisha njalo ngemizuzu emine.

Okukhathazayo ukuthi ukwanda kubonakala kwanda, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abasebasha abaneminyaka engu-30 no-40. Ngeshwa, ngaphezu kwesigamu sokuxilonga kwenziwa ngezigaba ezithuthukile ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi, okuholela ezingeni eliphezulu lokufa.

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, kukhona inhlansi yethemba ngezinhlangano ezaziwayo ezihlinzeka ngezithuthukisi ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-immunotherapy eNdiya. The izindleko zokwelashwa kwe-t cell eNdiya iphansi kakhulu kunakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.

Ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngebele ukwelashwa komdlavuza izindleko eNdiya zinikeza indlela ebheke ekusasa eliqhakazile kwabesifazane baseNdiya abalwa nalesi sifo esinzima.

Izibhedlela ezaziwayo ezinomdlavuza njengesibhedlela i-TATA Memorial Cancer eMumbai zihlinzeka ngokwelashwa okusezingeni lomhlaba ezinhlobonhlobo zomdlavuza okuhlanganisa umdlavuza webele kanye ukwelashwa kwe-myeloma eminingi eNdiya.

Uma ufuna ukuthola ukuqonda ngalesi sifo esibulalayo, izimbangela zaso, izinketho zokwelapha, kanye nezindleko, qhubeka ufunda le bhulogi. Kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokwezimali njengoba usebenzela ekwelapheni.

Izinto Ezithonya Izindleko Zokwelashwa Komdlavuza Webele ENdiya

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini enomthelela ezindlekweni zokwelashwa komdlavuza webele kubalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Nazi izincazelo ezilula zezici ezibalulekile:

Isigaba Somdlavuza:

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube lula futhi kungabizi. Umdlavuza wesigaba sekwephuzile uvame ukudinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okufana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nemisebe, okuwenza abize.

Uhlobo Lokwelashwa Oludingekayo:

Ukwelashwa okuthile kubiza kakhulu kunezinye. Isibonelo, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe kubiza kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa ukuze kunikeze imiphumela engcono kakhulu ekulweni nomdlavuza.

Indawo Yesibhedlela Noma Umtholampilo:

Ukukhetha isibhedlela esizimele noma umtholampilo ngokuvamile kusho izindleko eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezibhedlela zikahulumeni.

Uhlobo Lokusebenza Komshwalense:

Izinhlelo zomshwalense ziyehluka. Abanye bakhokhela izindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza webele, kanti abanye abakwenzi. Uma uhlelo lwakho lungakufaki, uzoba nesibopho sokukhokha imali edonswayo futhi uzikhokhele wena.

Inombolo yokwelashwa:

Inani lemijikelezo noma imithamo yokwelashwa oyitholayo izothinta zonke izindleko.

Imithi:

Uhlobo nezindleko zemithi esetshenziswayo zizohluka kuye ngezidingo zakho ngazinye.

Ukulaliswa esibhedlela:

Ubude bokuhlala kwakho esibhedlela kanye nohlobo lwegumbi onalo kuzothinta izindleko.

Thola imininingwane ku: I-PET CT Scan Ikushintsha Kanjani Izimpilo Zeziguli Zomdlavuza Emhlabeni Wonke?

Funda Ngezindleko Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Webele ENdiya

Uma kukhulunywa ngezindleko zokwelashwa komdlavuza webele eNdiya, ukuqonda izindleko kubalulekile. Ake sibhekisise izindleko ezilinganiselwe zezingxenye ezahlukene zokwelashwa:

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga:

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okufana ne-mammography, i-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, nezindleko zokuhlolwa kwe-breast biopsy e-India phakathi kuka-R1500 no- ₹25,000 (INR), noma cishe u-$70 kuya ku-$280 (USD).

Ukuhlinzwa:

Isisu isisu izindleko zokuhlinzwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo.

I-Lumpectomy ibiza phakathi kuka-R1,50,000 no-R2,50,000 (INR), noma cishe u-$2,100 kuya ku-$3,500 (USD).

I-Mastectomy ibiza phakathi kuka-R2,50,000 no-R4,00,000 (INR), noma cishe u-$3,500 kuya ku-$5,600 (USD).

Ukwakhiwa kabusha Kwebele: Izindleko ezengeziwe zingasebenza.

Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe:

Izindleko zokwelashwa ngemisebe yebele zisukela ku-R1,50,000 kuye ku-R4,00,000 (INR), cishe u-$2,100 kuya ku-$5,600 (USD), kuye ngenani lamaseshini.

I-Chemotherapy:

Umjikelezo ngamunye wokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ebele ubiza phakathi kuka-R10,000 no-R1,00,000 (INR), noma cishe u-$140 kuya ku-$1,400 (USD). Imijikelezo eminingi ivame ukudingeka.

Ukwelashwa Okuhlosiwe kanye ne-Immunotherapy:

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe komdlavuza webele kubiza u-R50,000 kuye ku-R5,00,000 (INR) umjikelezo ngamunye, cishe u-$700 kuya ku-$7,000 (USD).

Ukwelashwa Kwamahomoni:

Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone omdlavuza webele kubiza phakathi kuka-R10,000 no-R50,000 (INR), noma u-$140 kuya ku-$700 (USD), ngenyanga, kuye ngemithi eshiwo.

Funda Mayelana: Isihluthulelo Sempumelelo Ye-CAR-T Silele Ekukhetheni Isiguli - Ingabe Nguwe Okahle?

Ezinye Izindleko Ezengeziwe Ezihlobene Nokwelashwa Komdlavuza ENdiya

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele akupheli ngenkambo yokuqala yokwelashwa. Nazi izindleko ezimbalwa ezivame ukushaywa indiva okufanele zicatshangelwe:

Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokwelashwa Nokulandelayo:

Ukuqokwa kodokotela okuvamile nokuqapha kungase kubize ukusuka ku-R500 kuye ku-R2,000 ngokuvakasha ngakunye, kuye ngobungcweti nokuhlolwa okudingekayo. Imvamisa iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zakho ezihlukile.

Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe, okufana nama-mammograms nama-ultrasounds, kungase kudingeke njalo futhi kungase kubize phakathi kuka-R1,000 no-R5,000.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwamazinga ehomoni noma izinkomba zesimila kungabiza phakathi kuka-R500 no-R2,000 ngakunye.

Ukwelashwa Okusekelayo Nemithi

Ukwelapha ngokomzimba kungabiza phakathi kuka-R500 no-R1,000 ngeseshini ngayinye ukusiza iziguli ziphinde zibe namandla nokuhamba ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngemisebe, noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Lymphedema kungahluka ngezindleko ukusuka ku-R2,000 kuye ku-R10,000+, kuye ngezimfuno ezithile.

Ukwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine ukudla okunomsoco futhi kungase kubize phakathi kuka-R1,000 no-R2,000 ngeseshini ngayinye.

Amaqembu okwelapha, ukwelulekwa, noma ukwesekwa angasiza ekulawuleni ingcindezi, ukukhathazeka, nezinselele zemizwa, kusukela kumaseshini amahhala eqembu kuya ekubonisaneni kwabantu ngabanye okubiza u-R1,000 – ₹3,000+ ngeseshini ngayinye.

Ukulawula izinhlungu, imithi yokulwa nesicanucanu, noma ezinye izidakamizwa ezidambisa izimpawu zinganezela ezindlekweni zanyanga zonke.

Yazi Okuningi: I-Stem Cell Transplant Lilungisa Kanjani Ikusasa Lokwelashwa Kwe-Myeloma Eningi?

Kwenzeka Kanjani Umdlavuza Webele?

Isisu umdlavuza ukhula lapho amaseli ebeleni kwenzeka izinguquko ezingavamile futhi uqale ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Isifuba somuntu sakhiwe izicubu zezindlala (lobules), imigudu ethwala ubisi, nezicubu ezisekelayo. ifomu elivame kakhulu liqala kumaseli ahlanganisa imigudu yobisi (i-ductal carcinoma) noma kuma-lobules (lobular carcinoma). Ukuguqulwa kofuzo, amathonya amahomoni, kanye nezici zendawo ezungezile kungaba nomthelela ekubangeleni lezi zinguquko ezingavamile.

Lawa maseli aguquliwe angenza inqwaba noma isigaxa, esaziwa njengesimila, esingase sibe yingozi (esingenawo umdlavuza) noma sibe yingozi (umdlavuza). Izimila eziyingozi zingangena ezicutshini ezizungezile futhi zisakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba ngegazi noma uhlelo lwe-lymphatic uma lungelashwa.

Luyini Uhlobo Lomdlavuza Webele?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza webele, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

I-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS):

Umdlavuza ongahlaseli kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana angavamile ebonakala olwelweni lomgudu wamabele kodwa engasakazeki ngaphandle.

I-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC):

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza webele lwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ethelela izicubu eziseduze ebeleni.

I-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC):

Umdlavuza ukhula kuma-lobules futhi usakazekele ezicutshini ezingomakhelwane zebele.

Umdlavuza Webele Ovuvukalayo:

Ifomu elingavamile nelinolaka lapho ibele libomvu futhi livuvukele. Ivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha.

Umdlavuza Webele Kathathu-Negative:

Izimila ezingenayo i-estrogen, i-progesterone, ne-HER2 receptors. Abaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile kwamahomoni.

I-HER2 Positive Breast Cancer:

Izimila ezinamanani aphezulu we-HER2 protein ngokuvamile zikhula ngokushesha futhi zibe nolaka.

I-Metastatic Breast Cancer:

Umdlavuza osusuka ebeleni uye kwezinye izitho, njengamathambo, amaphaphu, noma isibindi.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zomdlavuza Webele

Izimpawu zomdlavuza webele zingahluka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni yakho yebele. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

Isigaxa esisha noma esingajwayelekile, ngokuvamile esingenabuhlungu, sizwakala ebeleni noma emakhwapheni.

Izinguquko ezingachazeki kusayizi nokuma kwebele

Ukuphuma, ngaphandle kobisi lwebele, engonweni, okungenzeka kube negazi.

Izinguquko zesikhumba ezinjengobomvu, i-dimpling, noma i-puckering, zifana nokuthungwa kwekhasi lewolintshi.

Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukuthamba ebeleni, okungahlobene nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.

Izinguquko endaweni noma ukuguqulwa kwengono.

Ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, noma ukujiya kwengxenye yebele.

Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungabangelwa ukudla noma ukuvivinya umzimba.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Webele?

Izinto ezihlukahlukene zingathonya ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza webele, okwandisa ingozi. Ezinye izimbangela ezinkulu zihlanganisa:

Ubulili:

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nomdlavuza webele uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa.

Ubudala:

Amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele akhuphuka ngokukhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-50.

Umlando Womndeni:

Umlando womndeni onomdlavuza webele, ikakhulukazi uma isihlobo sezinga lokuqala (njengomama, udadewabo, noma indodakazi) sinesifo, kuphakamisa ingozi.

Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo:

Ukuguqulwa okuthile okuzuzwe njengefa, okufana ne-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, kungandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza webele.

Umlando Womuntu Siqu:

Abesifazane abanomlando womdlavuza webele noma izifo zebele ezingenawo umdlavuza basengozini enkulu.

Izici zeHormonal:

Ukuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12), ukuya esikhathini sekwephuzile (ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-55), nokungakhulelwa konke kunganyusa ingozi.

Izinto zendlela yokuphila:

Izinketho zendlela yokuphila engenampilo, njengokukhuluphala, ukungenzi lutho, nokusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, kungandisa ingozi.

Ukuvezwa kwemisebe:

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili ngemisebe endaweni yesifuba kungaba nomthelela.

Siyini Isigaba Somdlavuza Webele?

Umdlavuza webele uhlukaniswa ngezigaba ngokuya ngosayizi wesimila kanye nokusabalala kwawo kuma-lymph nodes noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Isistimu yesiteji ingase yehluke, kodwa ngokuvamile isukela esigabeni 0 kuye ku-4, nezinye izigatshana:

Isigaba 0 (i-Ductal Carcinoma In Situ noma i-DCIS):

Inqunyelwe ku-duct futhi ayizange isabalale ezicutshini ezizungezile.

Isigaba sokuqala:

Isimila sifinyelela kumasentimitha angu-2 ububanzi futhi asisakazeki kunoma yimaphi ama-lymph nodes.

Isigaba Sesibili:

Isimila sinobubanzi obungu-2 cm, siqala ukusabalala ezindaweni eziseduze.

Isigaba Sesithathu:

Isimila singakhula sifinyelele ku-5 cm ububanzi futhi sinamandla okusakazeka kuma-lymph nodes.

Isiteji 4:

Umdlavuza ususabalele ezithweni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa amathambo, isibindi, ubuchopho namaphaphu.

Ukuxilongwa Komdlavuza Webele eNdiya

I-Mammogram:

An X-ray webele lisiza ekutholeni izigaxa noma izinto ezingavamile ezibonisa umdlavuza webele.

I-Breast Ultrasound:

Amaza omsindo asetshenziselwa ukwakha izithombe, ezisiza ukuhlola ukuthi isigaxa siyisimila esiqinile noma esigcwele uketshezi.

Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI):

Idala imininingwane izithombe ngokusebenzisa amaza omsakazo kanye nozibuthe onamandla. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinga lomdlavuza ebeleni kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.

Isidumbu:

Isampula elincane lesicubu sebele liyakhishwa futhi lihlolwe elabhorethri ukuze kutholakale ukuthi linomdlavuza yini.

Ukuhlolwa Komzimba:

Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwenziwa ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze babheke izigaxa, izinguquko ngosayizi noma ukuma, nokunye okungavamile esicutshini sebele.

Ukuhlolwa kofuzo:

Ihlonza ukuguqulwa kofuzo njenge-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, engandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza webele.

Ukwelashwa Okungcono Kakhulu Komdlavuza Webele ENdiya

Nalu uhlu lwamabele amakhulu ukwelashwa komdlavuza eNdiya esiza iziguli ezinomdlavuza ukulwa nalesi sifo esibulalayo.

Ukuhlinzwa Ngomdlavuza Webele:

I-Lumpectomy ihilela ukukhishwa kwesimila kanye nomkhawulo olinganiselwe wezicubu zebele ezizungezile.

I-Mastectomy ukususwa kwebele lonke; ingaba yinye noma kabili, kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ungakanani.

Ukwelashwa Kwemisebe:

Imisebe enamandla amakhulu isetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza webele noma ukunciphisa izimila. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele.

I-Chemotherapy:

Ukusebenzisa imithi ukubulala noma ukunciphisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingalawulwa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuhlinzwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko kwezigaba ezithuthukile.

I-Hormone Therapy:

Iqondisa umdlavuza wama-hormone receptor-positive ngokuvimbela noma ukucindezela ama-hormone abhebhezela ukukhula kwezimila ezithile.

Ukwelapha Okuhlosiwe:

Igxila kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni komdlavuza, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa eceleni kwe-chemotherapy. Izibonelo zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Herceptin yomdlavuza webele we-HER2-positive.

I-Immunotherapy:

Kwenza amasosha omzimba akwazi ukuhlonza kanye nokulwa namaseli omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-CAR T iwuhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-immunotherapy yokwelapha izimo zomdlavuza eziyinkimbinkimbi eNdiya.

Izibhedlela Zomdlavuza Ezingcono Kakhulu Ngezindleko Ezithengekayo Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Webele ENdiya

I-Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute kanye Nesikhungo Sokucwaninga eDelhi

Lesi sikhungo somdlavuza sihlinzeka ngokwelashwa ngemisebe esezingeni eliphezulu, amasu okuhlinza, kanye nokwelapha okuhlosiwe. Ineqembu elizinikele elinikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele okugxile enhlalakahleni yakho engokomzimba nengokomzwelo.

Isibhedlela iTata Memorial, eMumbai

Kuyisikhungo esihamba phambili socwaningo lomdlavuza esinikeza ukufinyelela ezinhlolweni zokwelashwa ezisha.

Lesi sibhedlela sinethimba lochwepheshe abanolwazi abasebenza ngokubambisana ukwenza izinhlelo zokwelashwa eziqondene nomuntu zokwelapha umdlavuza webele.

I-BLK Super Specialty Hospital, eNew Delhi

Lesi yisibhedlela somdlavuza esaziwayo esiza ukunciphisa ubungozi kanye nesikhathi sokululama ngamasu afana nokuhlinzwa kwerobhothi. Ochwepheshe babo banokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza.

I-Apollo Cancer Institute e-Chennai

I-Apollo Cancer Institute isebenzisa iphrofayili ye-genomic ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngokusekelwe ezicini zomuntu ngamunye. Banikeza ukufinyelela kuzinqubo zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezivela kozakwethu bomhlaba.

I-National Cancer Institute (AIIMS) eDelhi

I-AIIMS inikeza ukunakekelwa okuthengekayo ngezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zikahulumeni. Lesi sikhungo sikazwelonke sinobuhlakani obuqeqesheke kakhulu: odokotela abadumile nabacwaningi abazohlinzeka ngokunakekelwa komdlavuza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ehlobene Nezindleko Zokwelapha Umdlavuza Webele ENdiya

Ingabe umdlavuza webele uyelapheka eNdiya?

Nakuba “okwelaphekayo” kuyehluka ezimeni ngazinye, ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe kunezinga elihle lempumelelo yomdlavuza webele eNdiya, ngokwanda kwamazinga okusinda.

Iyini izindleko ezimaphakathi zokwelashwa ngama-hormone omdlavuza wamabele eNdiya?

Izindleko zokwelashwa ngama-hormone zomdlavuza webele zingasukela ku-R10,000 ziye ku-R50,000 ngenyanga, kuye ngesidakamizwa, umthamo, kanye nomhlinzeki.

Isiphi isibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokwelashwa komdlavuza webele eNdiya?

Isibhedlela i-Tata Memorial Cancer sithathwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza eNdiya.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesigaba sokuqala ungalashwa?

Yebo, ukutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo komdlavuza webele.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza webele eNdiya?

Izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda komdlavuza webele eNdiya lilinganiselwa ku-5%.

Ungaphila iminyaka engama-20 ngemuva komdlavuza webele?

Abesifazane abaningi abanomdlavuza webele, ikakhulukazi labo abahlonzwa ekuqaleni, baphila iminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokuxilongwa.