Engqungqutheleni yama-96 ye-International Association for Dental Research (IADR), uBenjamin Chaffee wase-University of California, eSan Francisco washicilela umbiko nge-nicotine nama-carcinogens kugwayi.
Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kuseyimbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza womlomo, kodwa ngokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi engewona kanye nokusetshenziswa okukabili kwezinhlobo zemikhiqizo eminingi, imboni ekhulayo kagwayi iye yathuthuka. Ucwaningo lubike ngokuhlolwa kokuchayeka kuma-carcinogens aziwayo ezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo kagwayi esetshenziswa iyodwa noma ihlangene.
Idatha ivela ekuhlolweni kukagwayi nokuphila kwabantu okunempilo, okubandakanya isampula yabantu abadala baseMelika abanikela ngamasampula omchamo wokuhlaziywa kwama-nitrosamines (TSNAs) aqondene ne-N'-nitroso-nornicotinine (NNN), okuyi-carcinogen eyaziwayo yomlomo kanye nomphimbo.
Classified according to the way of tobacco use, including cigarettes, cigars, hookahs, pipe tobacco, blunt (cigars containing hemp) and smokeless, such as including wet snuff, chewing tobacco and snuff are electronic cigarettes and nicotine replacement products. For each product, the most recent use refers to the previous 3 days, and the non-use refers to no smoking within 30 days.
Yonke imikhakha yokusetshenziswa kukagwayi ikhombisa ukukhuphuka kwe-nicotine kanye ne-TSNA ngokuhlobene nabangewona abasebenzisi. I-TSNA ivezwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi bakagwayi abangenantuthu, noma ngabe isetshenziswa yodwa noma nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo. Yize ukuvezwa kwe-nicotine kuqhathaniswa, amazinga we-NNN ne-NNAL asebenzisa kuphela i-e-cigarettes aphansi kunezinye izigaba zikagwayi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye kukagwayi ovuthayo ngabasebenzisi abaningi be-e-cigaretti kuholele ekuvezweni kwe-TSNA okufana nokwababhemayo ababodwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kukhombisa ukuthi iningi labasebenzisi bakagwayi abangewona ugwayi lichayeke kuma-carcinogens asezingeni noma ngaphezulu kwamazinga okuvezwa kwababhemayo ababhemayo, futhi abasengabhekana nezingozi ezinkulu.
