Umdlavuza womdlavuza is umdlavuza lokho kwenzeka kumasentimitha ambalwa wokugcina wekoloni. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-rectum. The main treatment for rectal cancer is surgery. Depending on the progress of the cancer, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be accepted. If rectal cancer occurs early, the long-term survival rate is about 85% to 90%. If rectal cancer spreads to the lymph nodes, the number of generation rates will drop sharply.
Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wamasondo ziqala ngamaseli amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-polyps, okuwukukhula kwamangqamuzana angenawo umdlavuza. Ngemva kokususwa kwama-polyps, umdlavuza wamabele ungavinjelwa. Yingakho ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wekoloni ngesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Imihlahlandlela yokuvimbela umdlavuza wamabele ngokuvamile incoma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-colonoscopy kufanele kuqale lapho uneminyaka engu-50 ubudala. Uma unezinye izici eziyingozi, njengomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesikhumba, udokotela wakho angase atuse ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kapopopo kaningi noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Iziguli eziningi ezinomdlavuza we-rectal azinazo izimpawu nezimpawu ezingeni lokuqala lesi sifo. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezigabeni zakamuva zingafaka ukopha kwamaconsi (imvamisa okubomvu okukhanyayo), okuyiphutha lokopha okuvela emiphefumulweni; ushintsho emikhubeni yamathumbu; ukungakhululeki esiswini; ubuhlungu be-rectal; Umuzwa wokuphuthuma emuva naphambili.
Iziguli kufanele ziqale zihlole imbangela yokopha kwamaraki. Abantu abaningi bangasho ukopha kwamangqamuzana ezifweni ezivamile ezinjengama-hemorrhoids, kepha ngaphandle kokuthi uthole ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwama-hemorrhoids, kufanele uhlolwe ngudokotela ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze ukhiphe ubukhona bama-polyps noma umdlavuza we-rectal. Ukwenza lokhu, udokotela uzofaka umunwe othanjisiwe, ovalwe amagilavu engxenyeni engezansi ye-rectum ukubheka noma ikuphi ukungahleleki ku-rectum.
After the doctor finds the abnormality, in order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the degree of cancer progression, other tests can also be performed. Colonoscopy allows doctors to view the entire colon, and can remove polyps or tissue samples for biopsy. A computed tomography (CT) scan or X-ray can determine whether the cancer has spread. Other tests, such as endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can help determine whether the cancer has penetrated beyond the rectum and whether lymph nodes are involved.
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta uhlelo lokwelashwa kweziguli ezinomdlavuza we-rectal. Uma isimila singakhuli ngodonga olungunxande futhi ama-lymph node engathinteki, umdlavuza ubhekwa kusenesikhathi (isigaba I). Isigaxa esihlasele noma esidlule kancane odongeni olungunxande kodwa asakazekela kuma-lymph node yisigaba II. Uma kufaka phakathi ama-lymph node, kuyisigaba III. Umdlavuza usakazeka kwezinye izindawo isigaba IV.
Ukuhlinzwa ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zomdlavuza we-rectal. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa lunqunywa indawo yesimila futhi lubandakanya ukususwa kwendandatho yemisipha (i-anal sphincter) ekugcineni kwe-rectum.
Ngomdlavuza okhula ngaphandle kwe-rectum noma ungene ngaphakathi, i-surgeon incoma ukukhipha i-rectum eduze nomdlavuza ukususa kancane umdlavuza we-rectal, nokususa imiphetho yezicubu zomzimba ezinempilo eduze komdlavuza nokususa ama-lymph node aseduze.
Uma kunokwenzeka, udokotela uxhuma kabusha izingxenye ezisele ze-rectum ne-colon. Uma ingeke iphinde ixhumeke, kungadingeka ukudala ukuvulwa okungapheli (i-ostomy) ngodonga lwesisu kusuka engxenyeni yamathumbu asele. Lokhu kubizwa nge-colostomy.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, umdlavuza wesibeletho othuthukile endaweni uvame ukuphathwa ngemithi yokwelashwa ngemisebe nangokhemotherapy. Lapho umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node aseduze noma ukhula odongeni olungunxande, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy kuvame ukusetshenziswa.
Uma umdlavuza ungakasakazeli kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nemisebe kuvamise ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila futhi kwandise namathuba okususwa ngokuphelele kwesimila. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuhlanganisa i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiotherapy yomdlavuza we-rectal wesigaba II no-III ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, futhi kwenziwa i-chemotherapy eningi ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Ngenxa yobukhulu besifo somdlavuza osezingeni eliphakeme, iziguli kufanele zibonane nodokotela wakho lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala, ikakhulukazi ukuphuma kwegazi, ukushintsha kosayizi wendle noma izici, noma ukungaphatheki kahle okuqhubekayo.
-Robert Cima, MD, Colon & Surgery Rectal, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
