Febraayo 2024: Dadaallada hormoodka ah ee Shiinaha ee abuuritaanka daweynta kansarka ee horumarsan ayaa kasbatay soo saarista daawaynta T-cell (CAR T) oo la farsameeyay Meelo badan, kansar dhiig oo ba'an oo lagu garto unugyo balasma oo qallafsan. Habkan cusubi waxa uu ka dhigan yahay waqti biyo-mareen ah oo lagu samaynayo dawooyin la habeeyey, taas oo rajo gelisay bukaannada beddelkooda ilaa hadda la xaddiday.
Dulmar ku saabsan CAR-T Therapy Cell
CAR T-cell daaweynta uses a patient’s own immune cells to identify and target cancer cells that express specific proteins. Engineering these T cells to incorporate artificial receptors known as CARs transforms them into highly targeted weapons capable of destroying buro cells. When someone has multiple myeloma, CAR T cells are changed to target BCMA, a protein that is found in large amounts in patients.
Tijaabooyin Caafimaad iyo Natiijooyin
FUCASO
Sanadka 2018, IASO Biotherapeutics iyo Innovent Biologics waxay bilawday cilmi baaris heersare ah oo waji 1/2 ah si loo qiimeeyo equecabtagene autoleucel (FUCASO), Daawaynta unugyada CAR T-cell ee ugu horreysa ee Shiinaha ee gudaha ah. Daraasada waxaa ku jiray 79 qof oo qaba myeloma badan kuwaas oo daalan doorashadooda daaweynta caadiga ah. Waxa xiisaha lihi leh, heerka jawaabta guud (ORR) waxa uu gaadhay 94.9%, halka jawaabta dhamaystiran/jawaabta adag ee dhamaystiran (CR/sCR) uu ahaa 58.2%. Waqtiga dhexe ee soo kabashada iyo CR/sCR waxay ahaayeen 16 maalmood iyo 95 maalmood, siday u kala horreeyaan. Natiijooyinkani waxay xaqiijiyeen waxtarka wanaagsan ee equecabtagene autoleucel iyo sidoo kale astaanteeda badbaadada ee wanaagsan.
Bukaanada horey u lahaa daawaynta CAR T-cell, ORR wuxuu u kacay 98.5%, iyadoo lix ay gaareen CR/sCR. Waxaa xusid mudan, bukaankii ugu horreeyay ee lagu daweeyay tijaabada wuxuu sii waday cafis buuxa in ka badan 40 bilood.
CILTA-CEL therapy
Cilta-cel, sidoo kale loo yaqaan ciltacabtagene autoleucel, waa daawaynta unugyada T-cell ee chimeric antigen (CAR) oo bar-tilmaameedsada B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), borotiinka oo si xad dhaaf ah loogu buufiyo unugyo badan oo myeloma ah. Daawadan cusub waxay muujisay ballan qaad weyn oo lagu daweynayo soo noqnoqoshada myeloma badan, taasoo rajo cusub siinaysa bukaannada daalay daawaynta dhaqameed ee beddelka ah.
Daawaynta Cilota-cel waxay hidde ahaan wax ka beddeshaa unugyada T bukaanka si ay u muujiyaan CAR-yada ku xidha BCMA unugyada myeloma. Marka dib loogu celiyo bukaanka, unugyada CAR T ee isbeddelay waxay si guul leh u bartilmaameedsan karaan oo burburin karaan unugyada malignantiga ah, taasoo keentay dib u noqoshada buro iyo suurtogalnimada cafis waqti dheer ah.
Waxtarka bukaan-socodka
Tijaabooyin caafimaad, gaar ahaan kuwa muhiimka ah CARTITUDE-1 Tijaabada, ayaa muujisay in cilta-cel ay waxtar fiican u leedahay bukaanada aadka loo daweeyay ee leh soo noqnoqda ama dib u dhac ku yimaadda myeloma badan. Natiijooyinka tijaabooyinkan ayaa shaaca ka qaaday heerka jawaabta guud ee cajiibka ah (ORR) ee 98%, iyada oo qayb muhiim ah oo bukaannada ah ay heleen jawaabo dhamaystiran oo adag (sCR).
Dabagal dhexdhexaad ah oo 28 bilood ah, cilta-cel waxay muujisay jawaabo waara, iyada oo dhex dhexaadinta badbaadada xorta ah ee horumarka aan wali la gaadhin. Daawadu waxay sidoo kale muujisay astaamo badbaado oo macquul ah, iyadoo dhacdooyinka xun ay si guul leh u maareeyeen hababka daryeelka taageerada.
Caqabadaha iyo Fursadaha
Despite the promising results, significant challenges remain. Most tijaabada caafimaadka in China are small-scale and single-center, with insufficient rigor and coordination among institutions. To address these restrictions, firms must aggressively participate in the commercialization of CAR T therapy, ensuring that it is widely available to patients.
Furthermore, improved manufacturing methods, faster regulatory channels, and increased patient access are required to ensure that CAR T-cell daaweynta is successfully translated from laboratory bench to bedside. Collaborations between academia, industry, and government agencies are critical for driving innovation and improving patient care.
Waa maxay khataraha daawaynta CAR T-cell ee bukaannada badan ee myeloma?
The side effects of CAR T-Cell therapy in multiple myeloma are similar to those in leukemia and qanjiro.
Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) waa mid ka mid ah waxyeelada ugu badan ee daaweynta CAR T-cell, taasoo keenta calaamadaha sida qandho, cadaadis dhiig oo hooseeya, neefsashada oo ku adkaata, lallabo, iyo finan. Inta badan dhacdooyinka waa kuwa fudud, laakiin kuwa daran waxay noqon karaan kuwo nafta halis gelisa.
Waxyeellooyinka neerfaha, sida jaahwareer, qalal, ama dhibaatooyinka hadalka iyo fahamka, waxay noqon karaan kuwo daran oo u baahan faragelin caafimaad oo degdeg ah.
Waxyeellooyinka kale ee halista ah: Kuwaas waxaa ka mid noqon kara jawaabaha xasaasiyadda inta lagu jiro faleebo, habdhiska difaaca oo daciifa, kaas oo kordhiya khatarta caabuqa, tirada unugyada dhiiga oo hooseeya, iyo cawaaqibta nidaamka neerfaha ee mustaqbalka fog.
To summarize, while CAR T-cell therapy provides significant benefits in terms of high response rates and personalized treatment for multiple myeloma patients, it also carries risks such as cytokine release syndrome and neurological side effects, which must be carefully monitored and managed by healthcare providers. Close monitoring after therapy is required to maintain patient safety and optimize treatment natiijooyinka.
Rajada mustaqbalka
Maaddaama Shiinuhu sii wado inuu si weyn u maalgeliyo cilmi-baarista biomedical, goobta daaweynta CAR T-cell ayaa la filayaa inay si weyn u koraan. Maamulka Alaabada Caafimaadka Qaranka ee Shiinaha (NMPA) waxay aqoonsadeen ballanqaadka daaweynta CAR T-cell iyadoo loo qoondeeyay equecabtagene autoleucel labadaba daaweyn horumarsan iyo dawo agoon ah. Taageeradani waxay muujinaysaa sida ay dawladda Shiinaha uga go'an tahay horumarinta horumarka daawaynta ee heer-go'an.
Sidoo kale, equecabtagene autoleucel ayaa loo eegaa inay tahay daawaynta suurtogalka ah ee cudurka neuromyelitis optica spectrum. Tani waxay tusinaysaa in daawaynta CAR T-cell loo isticmaali karo waxyaabo aan ahayn kansarka.
With continuous investment in infrastructure, education, and collaborative relationships, China is well-positioned to lead the way in CAR T-cell daaweynta for multiple myeloma and other life-threatening diseases.
Waa maxay kharashka daawaynta CAR T-cell ee myeloma badan ee Shiinaha?
Qiimaha daawaynta CAR T-cell ee myeloma badan waxay ku xidhan tahay nooca daawaynta unugyada CAR T ee la doortay iyo cisbitaalka la doortay. Qiimaha daawaynta FUCASO waa ku dhawaad $200,000 USD ee isbitaalada kala duwan. Qiimaha daawaynta CILTA-CEL sidoo kale way kala duwan tahay inta u dhaxaysa $200-250,000 USD. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bukaanku sidoo kale way dooran karaan CAR T-Cell therapy Tijaabooyin caafimaad kaas oo ku kici doona inta u dhaxaysa $60-80,000 USD.
