kansarka ilmo
Marka loo eego tirakoobka Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ee 2012, waxaa jira ku dhowaad 530,000 kiisas cusub oo kansarka ilmo-galeenka ah adduunka oo dhan sannad kasta, tirada dhimashada sannadlaha ahna waa 266,000. In kabadan 85% bukaanada waxay kujiraan wadamada soo koraya, waxaana jira in kabadan 130,000 kiisas cusub oo kansarka xubinta taranka ee Shiinaha sanadkasta. Dhacdooyinka kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka waxay xiriir dhow la leeyihiin infekshinka. Tiro aad u tiro badan oo ka mid ah daraasadaha epidemiyoolajiyadeed ee unugyada ayaa lagu ogaaday in infekshin joogto ah oo leh halista sare ee papillomavirus (HPV) ay tahay sababta ugu weyn ee kansarka ilmogaleenka waana xaalad lama huraan ah. Astaamaha qaar ee kaabayaasha ah (caabuq ku dhaca habka taranka) Sababa kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka iyo hormarinta burooyinka
Sahaminta Epidemiological ee kansarka ilmogaleenka cudurka HPV
HPV waa fayras DNA-ga wareega laba-cirif leh leh. Xilligan, in ka badan 180 nooc oo HPV ah ayaa la helay, oo 40 ka mid ah ay yihiin noocyo caabuq ku dhaca mareenka taranka futada, iyo 15 nooc ayaa sababi kara burooyinka xun ee marinka taranka ee dabada, oo loo yaqaan HPV-da halista badan.
Cudurka halista ah ee HPV waa xaalad lagama maarmaan u ah kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka, laakiin dhammaan dadka qaba cudurka HPV kuma dhaco kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka. Daraasadaha Epidemiological waxay muujiyeen in heerka cudurka HPV ee halista badan ee dadka ku nool uu yahay qiyaastii 15% ilaa 20%, in ka badan 50% haweenku waxay qabaan infekshanka HPV galmada ugu horeysa ka dib, 80% dumarkana wuxuu ku dhacay HPV inta ay noolyihiin . Si kastaba ha noqotee, in ka badan 90% dumarka waxaa nadiifin kara nidaamka difaaca jirka 3 sano gudahood ka dib cudurka HPV. Kaliya 10% bukaanada ayaa laga yaabaa inay yeeshaan infakshan joogto ah, iyo <1% bukaanada qaba infekshan joogto ah ayaa ugu dambeyn ku dhici doona kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka. Dadka difaaca jirka lihi [inta badan kuwa uu ku dhaco fayraska difaaca jirka ee dadka (HIV)], halista kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka ayaa si weyn kor ugu kacay, taas oo laxiriirta awood darida jirka ee nadiifinta HPV. Dhacdooyinka kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka waa geedi socod heerar kala duwan oo isku dhafan oo u baahan saddex geeddi-socod: infekshinka fayraska, nabarro horay u dhaca, iyo kansarka faafa. Badanaa waxay qaadataa in kabadan 10 sano laga bilaabo cudurka halista ah ee HPV ilaa kansarka ku dhaca makaanka afkiisa.
Muujinta caafimaad ee cudurka HPV ma aha mid gaar ah
Wadada ugu weyn ee cudurka HPV loo qaado waa galmada. HPV wuxuu ku faafaa unugyada aasaasiga ah maqaarka dhaawacmay iyo xuubka xabka. Sababtoo ah fayraska HPV waa qarsoon yahay, wax viremia ah ma dhici doono iyada oo aan lala xiriirin dhiiga iyo nidaamka difaaca jirka ee bilowga ah, sidaa darteed ma jiri doono barar muuqda rugta caafimaadka. Isla mar ahaantaana, HPV way ka carari kartaa nadiifinta nidaamka difaaca iyada oo hoos loo hagaajiyo marinka interferon ama la yareeyo muujinta soo-dhoweeyeyaasha u eg Toll.
Ku-noqoshada fayraska HPV waxay ku xidhan tahay habka taranka DNA-da ee martida loo yahay. Marka unugyadu u kala soocaan oo u bislaan unugyada dusha sare, taranka fayraska ayaa deddejiya oo qaybaha fayraska ayaa la sii daayaa marka unugyada ay maraan apoptosis dabiiciga ah. Habkani wuxuu qaadanayaa ilaa 3 toddobaad. Marka fayraska lagu ogaado habka difaaca ee bilawga ah iyo la helay, jidhku wuxuu bilaabi doonaa taxane falcelin caabuq ah oo difaaca si uu u nadiifiyo fayraska, laakiin guud ahaan calaamadaha caafimaad maaha kuwo gaar ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan daaweyn gaar ah oo loogu talagalay infekshanka halista ah ee HPV ee rugta caafimaadka. Waxa ugu muhiimsan ka dib infekshanka HPV waa baaritaanka cytology ee afka ilmo-galeenka, dib-u-eegista HPV ee sanadlaha ah, iyo colposcopy haddii loo baahdo in laga reebo kansarka ilmo-galeenka iyo dhaawacyada horay u soo gaadhay. Farsamaynta halista sare ee HPV ee keenta kansarka xubinta taranka dumarka
Kansarka kansarka ee halista sare leh ee HPV wuxuu badanaa ku dhacaa iyada oo loo marayo fayraska E6 iyo E7 oncoproteins, kaas oo lagu daro bini-aadamka P53 iyo Rb borotiinada ayaa saameeya badashada unugyada iyo qawaaniinta wareegga unugyada, taasoo keenta kordhinta unugyada iyo isbeddelka unugyada aan caadiga ahayn, iyo E6 iyo E7 oncoproteins-ka waxay leeyihiin iskudhis gaar ah. Daraasadu waxay sidoo kale ogaatay in E5 oncoprotein sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaaro nidaamka difaaca jirka iyo kansarka kansarka.
Xiriirka ka dhexeeya kansarka HPV iyo infekshannada kale ee taranka taranka iyo caabuq
Daraasaduhu waxay heleen isbeddello la taaban karo oo ku saabsan cytokines maxalliga ah ee ilmo-galeenka [sida interferon (IFN), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-1, IL6, iyo factor necrosis factor (TNF), iwm.] ee kansarka ilmo-galeenka iyo nabarrada hore ee kansarka, oo soo jeedinaya. bararka deegaanka Waxaa jira door gaar ah oo ku saabsan dhacdada kansarka ilmo-galeenka. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in HPV's E5, E6, iyo E7 oncoproteins ay keeni karaan dhidibka cyclooxygenase-prostaglandin (COX-PG). Daraasado hore ayaa lagu ogaaday in COX2 ay door ka ciyaarto dhaawaca DNA, joojinta apoptosis, angiogenesis, iyo horumarinta burooyinka door muhiim ah. Cilmi-baadhisyada cudurrada faafa waxay ogaadeen in bukaannada qaba caabuqyada xubnaha taranka sida gonococcus, chlamydia, iyo herpesvirus nooca 2 ay si aad ah u kordhiso khatarta kansarka ilmo-galeenka. Habka khatarta korodhka ah ee kansarka ilmo-galeenka ee bukaanka qaba caabuqyada xubinta taranka ee xubinta taranka iyo bararka maxaliga ah waxay keeni kartaa metaplasia unugyada gudaha. Epithelia-ka metaplastic-kani waxa uu kordhin karaa fursada infekshanka HPV iyo culayska fayraska HPV. Falanqaynta Meta-ta waxay soo jeedinaysaa in caabuqa kalamiidiya uu yahay arrin is-dhexgal u ah kansarka ilmo-galeenka. Sidaa darteed, dhimista caabuqyada xubinta taranka iyo xakamaynta bararka maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale noqon kara arrin muhiim ah oo lagu dhimo kansarka ilmo-galeenka.
